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St. Louis Review Center, Inc-Davao Tel. No. (082) 224-2515 Or 222-8732 1 Types of Perspective:  One Point – a Representation of Distance by Means of Converging Lines

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St. Louis Review Center, Inc-Davao Tel. No. (082) 224-2515 Or 222-8732 1 Types of Perspective:  One Point – a Representation of Distance by Means of Converging Lines Music, Arts, Physical Education and Health (MAPEH) Focus: The Visual Arts Competencies: 1. Distinguish and analyze the different elements, principles, and mediums of different visual arts 2. Identify and classify the different themes of visual arts in the Philippines 3. Appreciate and be proud of Philippine visual art masterpiece as part of cultural enrichment PART I – CONTENT UPODATE I. Definition of terms: 1. Painting – refers to the application of color, pigment, or paint to a surface or support. These surfaces may include paper, wood, canvas, metal or walls. Paint is made of pigment mixed in a binder. 2. Sculpture – a three dimensional artwork which may be through different processes, such as carving, modeling, assembling or casting. It may be executed as a free- standing object, in relief, or in environments, and a variety of media may be used. 3. Architecture – the art and science of designing and constructing buildings (structures), and other environmental features. II. The elements of Visual Arts 1. Line – the most basic of all elements. A line is an identifiable path traced by a moving point. Lines vary in types. They can be horizontal, vertical, diagonal, straight or curved thick or thin. Different lines are used to signify, different feelings. For example: Horizontal line – suggests a feeling of rest, serenity, or perfect stability Vertical line – dominance, height, power Diagonal line – uncertainty, unrest, movement or action Curved line – flow, softness, flexibility, grace 2. Shape – shapes and forms are figures which define object s in space. A shape is a two- dimensional figure. Circles, triangles, and squares are common examples of shapes. Forms exist in three dimensions. Examples of forms include cubes, cylinders and pyramids among others. 3. Value – it is the relative degree of lightness or darkness in anything that is visible. It gives an impression of solidity, distance, and depth. Early European artists used a technique which defined by a strong contrast between light and dark. This is called chiaroscuro. 4. Color – it is the product of light reflected off objects. We see different colors because of light’s various instinct qualities, specially because of its different wavelengths. In visual arts, the relationship of colors is best seen in a color wheel. Primary color – red, yellow, and Blue (Red, Green, Blue in light) Secondary colors – Orange, Green, Violet Tertiary colors – yellow green, blue green, blue violet, red violet, red orange, and yellow orange Artists usually use color harmonies. These are combinations of colors which the artist uses convey his or her messages through the element of color. Monochromatic - the use of a single color tint in different values or shades Analogous – 3 to 4 neighboring colors with one color in all mixtures Complementary – any two opposite colors on the wheel Split Complementary – any three colors wherein two of which are beside the complement of the third color Double Split complementary or tetradic – this color scheme uses four colors arranged into two complementary pairs Triad – three colors that form an equilateral triangle in a color wheel Properties of color: Hue – identity or the quality by which we distinguish colors Cool colors – colors which possesses the dominance of blue Warm colors - colors which possesses the dominance of red or yellow Value – lightness or darkness of a hue Intensity or Saturation – refers to the strength of a hue 5. Texture – refers to surface characteristics. A surface may be rough, smooth, glossy, coarse, irregular, etc 6. Space – refers to the area in which an artist arranges elements in a composition. Space can be two-dimensional (2D) such as in painting and photography, or three-dimensional (3D), such as in sculpture and installations. Depth can also be suggested in two- dimensional works, by the application of linear perspective – a graphing of distances between objects. St. Louis Review Center, Inc-Davao Tel. no. (082) 224-2515 or 222-8732 1 Types of perspective: One point – a representation of distance by means of converging lines. Two point – there are two points in line with each other in a horizontal position. All lines converge on these two points. Foreshortening – the modification of an established scale in a drawing of the human figure to represent perspective. III. Principles of Design 1. Balance – the idea of visual equilibrium which gives an impression of stability or instability. Symmetrical Balance – it has equal visual weight on either side of the canvas. It is visually stable. Asymmetrical Balance – an uneven balance Radical Balance – a symmetrical balance wherein elements are distributed evenly around a central point. 2. Proportion (or scale) – refers to the size relationships of one part to another, and of the part to whole. 3. Rhythm - a visual rhythm is characterized by the repetition or alternation of elements. Rhythm can be: Regular – repetition of a single motif Alternating – use of two different motifs alternately Progressing – motifs may be presented in a gradual shift in characteristics, like size (from small to large) 4. Emphasis and Subordination – to emphasize means to draw attention to certain parts of a composition. An emphasis is the focal point that rests on the subordinate space and easily attracts the attention of the viewer. 5. Unity - (also called Harmony) refers to the coherence of the elements of a work to the whole. IV. The Visual Arts (Painting, Sculpture and Architecture) A. Painting Early Medium in painting Encaustic – this is a mixture of pigment, wax(beeswax) and resin. Fresco – pigment mixed with water and applied to thin layers or either dry plaster or wet plaster. Tempera – a fast-drying medium which pigment mixed with glutinous material (usually egg yolk). Common mediums used in contemporary painting Oil paint – consists of pigment mixed with oil (linseed oil) as its binder. It dries slowly, but lasts long. Watercolor – consists of pigment combined with water and gum arabic. Colors are less luminous and transparent Acrylic – a quick-drying synthetic medium with emulsion as its binder. It is favored by a lot of artists because of its ease of use and its versatility. Styles/Movements in Western Art Realism – a naturalistic approach to subject matter. Impressionism – paintings are usually done outdoors. Brushstrokes are fast and colors used are light or pastel Expressionism – a style that centers on the expression of inner emotions. Colors used are more vibrant and artists use distortion. Abstract – non – representational or non-figurative imagery. It could also be a simplification of forms. Dada or Dadaism – an aggressive reaction against conventional art. Dadaists produced “art objects” by unconventional methods. Surrealism – an art movement where artists gathered inspiration from depths of the subconscious mind. Pop art – an art movement which is centered on, or inspired from familiar images of popular culture, such as advertisements, comics, and commercial products Social Realism – an art movement which portrays social and racial injustice and economic hardship, marked by its realistic deciption of social problems. Notable Philippine painters and their works: 19th Century Jose Honorato Lozano – known for paintings of letras y figures. St. Louis Review Center, Inc-Davao Tel. no. (082) 224-2515 or 222-8732 2 Damian Domingo – he headed the Academia de Dibujo y Pintura in 1821 he is known for his paintings of tipos del pais. Juan Luna – His work Spolarium won the gold medal in the 1884 Exposicion Nacional de Bellas Artes Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo – Las Vigenes Expuestas al Popoulacho (1884) 20th Century Genre painters Fabian dela Rosa – Women working in a Rice Field (1902) Fernando Amorsolo – Fruit Gatherer (1950), Sunday Morning going to church (1953) The “Truimvirate of Modern Art” Victorio Edades – The Builders (1928) Galo Ocampo – Brown Madonna (193), The River of Life (1954) Carlos “Botong” Francisco – Harana (1957) Other Modernist Hernando Ocampo – Homage to Tandang Sora (1977) Diosdado Lorenzo – Ilog Cabiao (1970) Vicente Manansala – Madonna of the Slums (1950) Cesar Legaspi – Gadgets II (1949) Anita Magsaysay-Ho – Fruit Vendors (1975) Jose Joya – Pagdiriwang (1976) Arturo Luz – Black Form, White Space(1976) Selected contemporary artists Antipas Delovato – Itak sa Puso ni Mang Juan(1977) Banedicto Cabrera – EDSA Event (1986) Danilo Dalena – Komedya sa Pakil Onib Olmedo – Mother and child Brenda Fajardo – Baraha ng Buhay Pilipino (1989) B. Other related Visual Arts Mosaic – small pieces of colored stone or glass glued on the surface Tapestry – fabrics with colored designs which are woven in a pattern. T’nalak – an indegineous woven fabric made from abaca by the T’boli tribe of South Cotabato. Printmaking – creation of a picture or design by printing from a pate thast holds ink or color. Photography – the art of creating pictures by recording light into a sensitive medium, such as film. C. Sculpture Medium used in Sculpture Wood, metal, stone, granite, marble, jade, ivory, brass, gold, lead, aluminum, glass, clay, plastic, bronze and others. Processes/techniques used in Sculpture Additive Modeling – process of creating a form through altering the figure of a medium, such as clay Molding and Casting – a complex process of creating a negative and a positive replica from a model. It ideal for mass production Assemblage – putting together found objects Welding – process of joining metals Mobile – kinetic or moving
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