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Zile – Güzelbeyli Kasabas›Nda Uygulanan Arazi Toplulaflt›Rmas›N

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Zile – Güzelbeyli Kasabas›Nda Uygulanan Arazi Toplulaflt›Rmas›N TurkJAgricFor 26(2002)101-108 ©TÜB‹TAK Tokat–Zile–GüzelbeyliKasabas›ndaUygulananArazi Toplulaflt›rmas›n›ÇiftçilerinBenimsemesiniEtkileyen Sosyo–EkonomikFaktörlerinBelirlenmesiÜzerineBirAraflt›rma NurayKIZILASLAN,SevilayALMUS GaziosmanpaflaÜniversitesi,ZiraatFakültesi,Tar›mEkonomisiBölümü,Tokat-TÜRK‹YE GeliflTarihi:05.06.2000 Özet: Buaraflt›rma,arazitoplulaflt›rmas›uygulananTokat–Zile–GüzelbeyliKasabas›ndakiçiftçilerin,toplulaflt›rmay›benimseme davran›fllar›n›etkileyenfaktörleriortayakoymakamac›ylayap›lm›flt›r.Araflt›rmadatoplulaflt›rmay›benimseyenvebenimsemeyen çiftçileraras›ndabirfarkl›l›kolupolmad›¤›n›ortayakoymakamac›ylaKhi-Kareanaliziyap›lm›flt›r.Analizlerinsonucundaçif tçilerin toplulaflt›rmay›benimsemelerindesosyalkat›l›mdüzeyi,arazitoplulaflt›rmas›bilinçdüzeyininetkilioldu¤usaptanm›flt›r.Bus onuç, çiftçilerinsosyalçevresiningenifllemesiylefarkl›aktivitelerekat›l›mlar›n›nartt›¤›n›gösterebilir.Ayr›ca,araflt›rmadatop lulaflt›rmay› benimseyençiftçilerinfarkl›toplulaflt›rmabilinçdüzeylerindeekonomikfaktörleritibariylegruplararas›ndakifarkl›l›¤›nölçülmesinde varyansanalizinebaflvurulmufltur.Analizsonuçlar›nagöretoplulaflt›rmay›benimseyençiftçileriniflletmegeniflli¤ibak›m›ndangruplar aras›ndakifarkl›l›könemlibulunmufltur.Arazitoplulaflt›rmas›n›benimseyençiftçilerindahikendiaralar›ndafarkl›l›klar›nold u¤u söylenebilir.Ayr›ca,ikigruportalamalar›aras›ndakifark›nistatistikselolarakanlaml›olupolmad›¤›n›nbelirlenmesindekul lan›lant testisonucunagörearazitoplulaflt›rmas›n›benimseyenvebenimsemeyençiftçileriniflletmegeniflli¤i,parselsay›lar›,toplulafl t›rma öncesivesonras›ndasahipolduklar›suluarazivarl›¤›,toplulaflt›rmasonras›sahipolduklar›yoluolanparselsay›s›,tar›mürünleriy›ll›k sat›fltutar›,brütüretimde¤erleribak›m›ndangruportalamalar›aras›ndakifarkönemlibulunmufltur.Busonuçlargöstermektedir ki; ekonomikanlamdadahaileridüzeydeolançiftçilerarazitoplulaflt›rmas›gibiekonomikvesosyalrefah›gelifltireceketkinlikle redaha fazlae¤ilimlidir.Budabiranlamdaoluflabilecekrisklerekarfl›dayanmagücündenilerigelmektedir. AnahtarSözcükler: AraziToplulaflt›rmas›,Sosyo-EkonomikFaktörler,Tar›msalYay›m ResearchontheDeterminationoftheSocio-EconomicFactorsAffectingtheFarmers’ BehaviourinAdoptingLandConsolidationImplementedinGüzelbeyliTowninZileCounty, TokatProvince Abstract: Themainpurposeofthisstudywastodeterminethefactorsaffectingthefarmers’adoptionbehaviourinadoptingland consolidationimplementedinGüzelbeylitowninZilecounty,Tokatprovince.Chi-squareanalysiswasperformedtodetermine whetheradifferenceexistedbetweenthefarmerswhoadoptedanddidnotadoptthelandconsolidation.Theresultsoftheanalysis indicatedthatthereweresomefactorsaffectingtheadoptionoflandconsolidationsuchasfarmers’socialparticipationlevel and theirlevelofawarenessaboutlandconsolidation.Thisresultmayshowthattheparticipationoffarmersindifferentactiviti es increasesparalleltoanexpansionintheirsocialenvironment.Analysisofvariationwascarriedouttodeterminethedifferen ce betweengroupsintermsofeconomicfactorsatthevariouslevelsofawarenessaboutlandconsolidationinthefarmerswhoadopted it.Theresultsobtainedshowedthatasignificantdifferencewasfoundbetweenthegroupsintermsoffarmsizeofthefarmers adoptingthelandconsolidation.Therefore,therewasadifferenceamongfarmersadoptinglandconsolidation.Furtherstatistic al analysiswascarriedouttofindoutwhetheradifferenceexistsbetweenthemeansofthetwogroupswhoadoptedanddidnot adoptthelandconsolidation.Itwasfoundthatthedifferencesbetweentwogroups’meanswerestatisticallysignificantinter msof thefollowingvariables:farmsize,plotnumber,irrigablelandownershipbeforeandafterthelandconsolidation,numberofpl ots thathaveroadaccessafterthelandconsolidation,annualincomegainedfromthesaleofagriculturalcropsandgrossproducti on values.Theseresultsshowthatfarmerswhoarewell-offtendtoparticipateinactivitiessuchaslandconsolidationthatimpr ove economicandsocialwelfare.Thisisawayofcombatingriksinthefuture. KeyWords:LandConsolidation,Social-EconomicFactors,AgriculturalExtension Girifl yaflam›flt›r.Bude¤iflimlertar›mdavebukesimin KonununÖnemi insanlar›n›nekonomik,sosyalvekültürelyap›lar›ndada etkidebulunmufltur.1980y›l›ndatar›mkesiminin Cumhuriyetinkuruluflundangünümüzekadargeçen istihdamdakipay›%63,0iken,1995y›l›nda%44,9’a; 75y›ll›ksüredeTürkiyebüyükde¤iflimvegeliflmeler 101 Tokat–Zile–GüzelbeyliKasabas›ndaUygulananAraziToplulaflt›rmas›n›ÇiftçilerinBenimsemesiniEtkileyen Sosyo–EkonomikFaktörlerinBelirlenmesiÜzerineBirAraflt›rma milligelirdekipay›%24,0’dan%14,4’eveihracattaki ilearazitoplulaflt›rmaprojelerininbenimsenmesi pay›%57,5’den%10,7’yekadardüflmüfltür aras›ndakiiliflkininbelirlenmesiamaçlanm›flt›r. (Anonim,1996).Ancakekonomikgöstergelerebakarak tar›mkesimininekonomiiçerisindekiönemininazald›¤› yarg›s›navarmakvebudo¤rultudasosyo-ekonomik MateryalveYöntem politikalarbelirlemekyanl›flolmaktad›r.Ekonomininbir Materyal bütünoldu¤uvegeliflmesürecinde,sektörlerinbirbirlerini Araflt›rman›nanamateryaliniçiftçilerleyap›lan tamamlayanvedestekleyenunsurlaroldu¤uaflikard›r anketlersonucueldeedilenbirincilnitelikliveriler (Dinler,1991). oluflturmaktad›r.Buverileraraflt›rmabölgesindeçiftçilerle Türkiyetar›m›birçoksorunlakarfl›karfl›yad›r.Tar›m yap›lananketlersonucundaeldeedilmifltir.Araflt›rman›n iflletmelerininarazilerininparçal›,da¤›n›k,flekillerinin di¤ermateryalini,bukonudaTürkiye’devedünyadadaha düzensizolmas›,parselleregidipgelmedezamankayb›, önceyay›nlanm›flvehaz›rlanm›flolaninceleme,araflt›rma, sermayeveiflgücüisraf›,s›n›rlar›ço¤alanparçalardaarazi süreliyay›nlarvesempozyumlardasunulanbildirilerden veverimkayb›,küçükparsellerdemekanizasyongüçlü¤ü, eldeedilenverileroluflturmaktad›r. arazianlaflmazl›klar›gibisorunlaranedenolmakta,bu Yöntem sorunlartar›miflletmelerininüretimvegeliflmesini olumsuzyöndeetkilemektedir(Çiçek,1996). VerilerinToplanmas›Aflamas›nda‹zlenenYöntem Buolumsuzlu¤uönleyebilmekamac›ylaarazi Araflt›rmaverilerinintoplanmas›ndailkolarak,konu toplulaflt›rmas›uygulamalar›bafllat›lm›flt›r.Buuygulama ileilgilidahaönceyap›lm›flolanveulafl›labilen iletar›m›nekonomikolarakyap›lmas›,toprakmuhafaza araflt›rmalarincelemeyeal›narakkonuyudahaiyi vetar›msalsulamaönlemlerininal›nmas›n›güçlefltirecek kavrama,sorunlar›belirlemekamac›ylahangiverilerin derecedeparçalanm›fl,da¤›lm›flveflekilleribozulmufl gerekti¤i,buverilerineldeedilmesiveanalizindehangi parsellerbirarayagetirilerekçiftçiailesininyaflam yöntemlerinuygulanmas›n›ndo¤ruolaca¤›ortaya düzeyiniyükseltecekteknik,ekonomikvesosyal konulmayaçal›fl›lm›flt›r. önlemleral›nmaktad›r(Takka,1993). Anketyap›lacakçiftçilerinbelirlenmesindeöncelikle Ortayakonanteknolojilerinçiftçileretan›t›lmas›, KöyHizmetleri‹lMüdürlü¤ükay›tlar›ndan uygulanmas›,ö¤retilmesi,onlar›nmotiveedilmesiyay›m muvafakatnamelistelerial›nm›flt›r.Araflt›rmakapsam›nda etkinlikleriylegerçeklefltirilir.Di¤ertaraftanbüyük toplulaflt›rmay›benimseyen648çiftçi(Araflt›rmada maliyetlerlegerçeklefltirilenyat›r›mlar›nverimliolarak benimsemekavram›mentalbirbenimsemeyi yaflamageçirilmesiiçinyaln›zcafizikitesislerinvarl›¤›veya göstermektedir.Toplulaflt›rmayailkaflamadamuvafakat mükemmelli¤ide¤il,insanunsurudagözönüne verenlerbenimseyenler,muvafakatvermeyenlerise al›nmal›d›r.Bunedenleyeniteknolojilerikullanacakolan benimsemeyenlerolaraknitelendirilmifltir), bireylerine¤itimdüzeyleri,d›flkültürlereaç›l›m,sosyal benimsemeyen204çiftçitespitedilmifltir.Toplulaflt›rmay› kat›l›m,modernleflmee¤ilimleri,yaflamdüzeylerigibi benimsemedurumunagörebelirlenenbuçiftçiler sosyalveekonomiközellikleriönemliolmaktad›r toplulaflt›rmadanöncesahipolduklar›araziparsel (Özçatalbafl,1994).Bundanhareketle;arazi say›lar›nagöres›rayakonulmuflvepopulasyontespit toplulaflt›rmas›n›nyayg›nlaflt›r›lmas›ndayay›maönemli tablosuoluflturulmufltur.Örneklemede,parselsay›s›n›n görevlerindüfltü¤ünüsöylemekmümkündür. dikkateal›nmas›nda;arazitoplulaflt›rmas›n›nbirincil amac›n›nparçal›arazilerinbirarayagetirilmesioldu¤u Araflt›rman›nAmac› düflüncesindenhareketedilmifltir.Toplulaflt›rmay› Buaraflt›rmaileTürkiye’detar›myat›r›mlar›içinde benimseyenvebenimsemeyençiftçileriçin,populasyonu önemarzedenarazitoplulaflt›rmaprojelerinin oluflturaniflletmelerinsahipolduklar›parselsay›lar›n›n uygulanaca¤›yörelerde,butürhizmetlerinkullan›c›s›olan oldukçagenifls›n›rlariçindede¤iflti¤iveoldukçaheterojen çiftçilercebenimsenmesininkolaylaflt›r›lmas›,yat›r›m birda¤›l›mgösterdi¤ibelirlenmiflveörneklemede öncesiengeloluflturanhususlar›nves›n›rlar›niçeri¤inin tabakalamayoluseçilmifltir.Bunedenleoldukçaheterojen belirlenmesiveçözümüretilmesinekatk›dabulunmak birda¤›l›mgösterenpopulasyonuntümününbirarada amac›yla;tar›msaliflletmelerinsosyo-ekonomiközellikleri incelenmesiyerine,benzervaryantlar›nbirarayageldi¤i 102 N.KIZILASLAN,S.ALMUS homojengruplaroluflturularakincelenmesinindahauygun uygulanamad›¤›düflünülensay›salverilerin olaca¤›düflünülmüfltür.Toplulaflt›rmay›benimseyenve ortalamalar›n›nkarfl›laflt›r›lmas›nda“VaryansAnalizi”ne benimsemeyençiftçileriçinörnekhacminin baflvurulmufltur(Ça¤layan,1983). belirlenmesindeNEYMANtaraf›ndanönerilenformülden Uygulananvaryansanalizisonucundas›f›rhipotezinin yararlan›lm›flt›r(ÇiçekveErkan,1996). reddedilmesi;tümgruportalamalar›aras›ndaki Araflt›rmakapsam›ndayeralanvetoplulaflt›rmay› farkl›l›klar›nönemlioldu¤uanlam›nagelmemektedir.Söz benimseyeniflletmeleriçinörnekhacminin konusufarkl›l›¤›nhangigruplardankaynakland›¤›n›n belirlenmesinde%95güvens›n›r›içindeve%1sapma ortayakonulmas›gerekmektedir.Bubak›mdantümikili ileçal›fl›lm›flt›r.Eldeedilenverilerinformüleuygulanmas› grupkombinasyonlar›n›nortalamalar›aras›ndakifarklar sonucundaörnekhacmi72olarakbelirlenmifltir. EnKüçükÖnemliFark(LSD=LeastSignificantDifference) Yinearaflt›rmakapsam›ndayeralantoplulaflt›rmay› kontrolüilede¤erlendirilmifltir. benimsemeyeniflletmeleriçinörnekhacminin belirlenmesinde%95güvens›n›r›içindeve%1sapma
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