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College and Research Libraries Recent Publications BOOK REVIEWS vant place names. A cursory examination of his check-list and index evokes such Northwestern Approaches: the First Cen­ memorable names as Vitus Bering of Ber­ tury of Books. By R. D. Hilton Smith. ing Sea, Robert Gray of Gray's Harbor, Victoria, B.C.: The Adelphi Book Shop Simon Fraser of Fraser River, and George Vancouver of Vancouver Island, along with Ltd., 1969. 67p. $6.50. Alexander Mackenzie, David .Thompson, This I know. Any book about the Pa­ Otto von Kotzebue, John Jewitt, and Baron cific Northwest is a collector's item. North­ de Lesseps. western Approaches passes muster for oth­ The longest chapter in Northwestern er reasons, too. It is something in the na­ Approaches has to do with British land ture of a bibliography printed and pub­ and sea explorations conducted, it is so lished in British Columbia, and issued in a hard to believe, during the height of the limited edition of 750 copies. The book American Revolution. Mr. Smith's narra­ derives from a series of lectures given to tive contains sufficient historical chronolo­ the students of the University of British gy to place each bibliographic entry in a Columbia School of Librarianship in 1966. proper perspective. Mr. Smith devoted his talks to "books Northwestern Approaches should be as written by the explorers of British Colum­ acceptable to aficionados of Pacific North­ bia and its approaches during the century west Americana as it can be useful to which began with Bering's first voyage and compatriots who wish merely to acquire a ended with Sir George Simpson's second hazy impression of early explorations and journey to the Columbia." This meant no voyages. The narrative is clear and easy inhibition, however, for "British Columbia on the mind. Since Hilton Smith is an ex­ and its approaches" virtually covers the perienced librarian and alert bookman, he Pacific rim. is nicely attuned to British Columbiana. The book contains tidy thumbnail ac· He has enriched his presentation with counts of major explorations conducted twelve judiciously chosen illustrations. Dr. from Russia, Spain, Great Britain, France, Samuel Rothstein originated the library and the United States during the hundred school lectures and contributed a Fore­ years, 1728 to 1828. Mr. Smith's repertory word to them.-Harry C. Bauer, University of books arising from these explorations in­ of Washington. cludes works that any librarian or schooled Junior College Libraries: Development, layman must take cognizance of if he Needs, and Perspectives. By Everett wishes to reside and live long in the Pa­ LeRoy Moore, ed. (ACRL Monograph, cific Northwest. Regionalism is inexorable, No. 30). Chicago: American Library and nobody in the Pacific Northwest can Association, 1969. 104p. (68-56370). afford to be a landlubber. To survive, one must be conversant with Captain Van­ Community Junior College Libraries: couver's ship, the Discovery, and know Development, Needs, and Perspectives that Captain Cook had a Discovery, too, should have been the title of this publica­ as well as a Resolution. Northwestern Ap· tion. This brief volume is a collection of proaches provides a key to these and ap­ nineteen papers submitted at the Confer­ proximately forty other never-to-be-forgot­ ence on Junior College Libraries held at ten ships, including the New Hazard of the University of California, Los Angeles, Stephen Reynolds, the Astrolabe of La June 21-24, 1967. Except for Ralph S. Perouse, the Neva of Urey Lisiansky, and Emerick, Director of the Library at Ste­ the Argonaut of James Colnett. Further­ phens College, who represented the pri­ more, Mr. Smith would never forsake rele- vate junior college library, all the program 544/ .
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  • Steller's Sea
    eptember 1741. Captain-commander Vitus Bering’s ship, St. Peter, was stumbling somewhere among the long desolate string of Aleutian Islands in the far North Pacific. All on board recognized that it was unlikely they’d ever make it home. Scurvy had flattened several of the crew, two men had already died, and Captain Bering himself was terribly ill. The fresh water stored in barrels was mostly foul, and the storm-force winds and seas were constantly in their faces. Sailing aboard St. Peter and sharing the cabin with Captain Bering was a German physician and naturalist Snamed Georg Wilhelm Steller. On his first voyage, Steller was certain they were near to land because he saw floating seaweed and various birds that he knew to be strictly coastal. But no one listened to him, in part because he hadn’t been shy in showing that he thought them all idiots, and also because his idea of exactly where they happened to be was wrong. Bering’s expedition continued, blindly groping westward toward Siberia’s Kamchatka Peninsula. The storms raged on, more men died, then eventually, somehow, they made it to a small protected harbor in the middle of the night. They hoped it was the mainland. Steller and his servant rowed several of the sickest men ashore the next morning. He thought the place was an island because of the shape of the clouds and how the sea otters carelessly swam over to the boat, unafraid of man. Once ashore, Steller noticed a huge animal swimming along the coast, a creature that he had never seen before and was unknown in cold, northern waters.
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  • The Forgotten Journey Huw Lewis-Jones Revisits a Pioneering, Ill-Fated Expedition to Map the Arctic
    Vitus Bering, leader of the eighteenth-century Great Northern Expedition, died en route and was buried here, in the Commander Islands (pictured in 1980). POLAR EXPLORATION The forgotten journey Huw Lewis-Jones revisits a pioneering, ill-fated expedition to map the Arctic. he Great Northern Expedition was an Yet Bering’s brainchild books: Corey Ford’s Where the Sea Breaks Its immense eighteenth-century enter- was certainly one of Back (Little, Brown, 1966) and Steller’s Island prise that redrew the Arctic map. Led the largest, longest and (Mountaineers, 2006) by Dean Littlepage. Tby Danish captain Vitus Bering, it set out in most costly expedi- Bown’s synthesis of these “tragic and 1733 from St Petersburg, Russia. Over the tions mounted in the ghastly” final months is well written. He also next decade, a dwindling cavalcade crossed eighteenth century. goes to great lengths to detail the arduous thousands of miles of Siberian forest and Its budget, at around early phases, essentially an unending gauntlet swamp and then, in ships built by hand, 1.5 million roubles, of implausible logistics. Everything needed TARASEVICH/SPUTNIK/ALAMY V. struck out towards the unknown shores of was roughly one-sixth for the voyage — from shipbuilding gear North America. Sponsor Peter the Great of the annual income Island of the Blue and supplies to anchors, sails and cannon- had envisioned a grand campaign to elevate of the Russian state. As Foxes: Disaster balls — had to be hauled overland, by sledge, Russia’s standing in the world, with its scien- an example of commit- and Triumph horse and raft.
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  • Chronology of the Key Historical Events on the Eastern Seas of the Russian Arctic (The Laptev Sea, the East Siberian Sea, the Chukchi Sea)
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  • The Following Section on Early History Was Written by Professor William (Bill) Barr, Arctic Historian, the Arctic Institute of North America, University of Calgary
    The following section on early history was written by Professor William (Bill) Barr, Arctic Historian, The Arctic Institute of North America, University of Calgary. Prof. Barr has published numerous books and articles on the history of exploration of the Arctic. In 2006, William Barr received a Lifetime Achievement Award for his contributions to the recorded history of the Canadian North from the Canadian Historical Association. As well, Prof. Barr, a known admirer of Russian Arctic explorers, has been credited with making known to the wider public the exploits of Polar explorations by Russia and the Soviet Union. HISTORY OF ARCTIC SHIPPING UP UNTIL 1945 Northwest Passage The history of the search for a navigable Northwest Passage by ships of European nations is an extremely long one, starting as early as 1497. Initially the aim of the British and Dutch was to find a route to the Orient to grab their share of the lucrative trade with India, Southeast Asia and China, till then monopolized by Spain and Portugal which controlled the route via the Cape of Good Hope. In 1497 John Cabot (Giovanni Caboto), sponsored by King Henry VII of England, sailed from Bristol in Mathew; he made a landfall variously identified as on the coast of Newfoundland or of Cape Breton, but came no closer to finding the Passage (Williamson 1962). Over the following decade or so, he was followed (unsuccessfully) by the Portuguese seafarers Gaspar Corte Real and his brother Miguel, and also by John Cabot’s brother Sebastian, who some theorize, penetrated Hudson Strait (Hoffman 1961). The first expeditions in search of the Northwest Passage that are definitely known to have reached the Arctic were those of the English captain, Martin Frobisher in 1576, 1577 and 1578 (Collinson 1867; Stefansson 1938).
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  • Industrial Fisheries in the Russian Part of the Bering Sea
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  • The Arctic and Antarctic – Natural Realms at the Poles
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