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Download Free ENERGY IN THE WEST NORDICS AND THE ARCTIC CASE STUDIES Energy in the West Nordics and the Arctic Case Studies Jakob Nymann Rud, Morten Hørmann, Vibeke Hammervold, Ragnar Ásmundsson, Ivo Georgiev, Gillian Dyer, Simon Brøndum Andersen, Jes Erik Jessen, Pia Kvorning and Meta Reimer Brødsted TemaNord 2018:539 Energy in the West Nordics and the Arctic Case Studies Jakob Nymann Rud, Morten Hørmann, Vibeke Hammervold, Ragnar Ásmundsson, Ivo Georgiev, Gillian Dyer, Simon Brøndum Andersen, Jes Erik Jessen, Pia Kvorning and Meta Reimer Brødsted ISBN 978-92-893-5703-6 (PRINT) ISBN 978-92-893-5704-3 (PDF) ISBN 978-92-893-5705-0 (EPUB) http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/TN2018-539 TemaNord 2018:539 ISSN 0908-6692 Standard: PDF/UA-1 ISO 14289-1 © Nordic Council of Ministers 2018 Cover photo: Mats Bjerde Print: Rosendahls Printed in Denmark Disclaimer This publication was funded by the Nordic Council of Ministers. However, the content does not necessarily reflect the Nordic Council of Ministers’ views, opinions, attitudes or recommendations. Rights and permissions This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Translations: If you translate this work, please include the following disclaimer: This translation was not produced by the Nordic Council of Ministers and should not be construed as official. The Nordic Council of Ministers cannot be held responsible for the translation or any errors in it. Adaptations: If you adapt this work, please include the following disclaimer along with the attribution: This is an adaptation of an original work by the Nordic Council of Ministers. Responsibility for the views and opinions expressed in the adaptation rests solely with its author(s). The views and opinions in this adaptation have not been approved by the Nordic Council of Ministers. Third-party content: The Nordic Council of Ministers does not necessarily own every single part of this work. The Nordic Council of Ministers cannot, therefore, guarantee that the reuse of third-party content does not infringe the copyright of the third party. If you wish to reuse any third-party content, you bear the risks associ- ated with any such rights violations. You are responsible for determining whether there is a need to obtain permission for the use of third-party content, and if so, for obtaining the relevant permission from the copy- right holder. Examples of third-party content may include, but are not limited to, tables, figures or images. Photo rights (further permission required for reuse): Any queries regarding rights and licences should be addressed to: Nordic Council of Ministers/Publication Unit Ved Stranden 18 DK-1061 Copenhagen K Denmark Phone +45 3396 0200 [email protected] Nordic co-operation Nordic co-operation is one of the world’s most extensive forms of regional collaboration, involving Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, and the Faroe Islands, Greenland and Åland. Nordic co-operation has firm traditions in politics, economics and culture and plays an important role in European and international forums. The Nordic community strives for a strong Nordic Region in a strong Europe. Nordic co-operation promotes regional interests and values in a global world. The values shared by the Nordic countries help make the region one of the most innovative and competitive in the world. The Nordic Council of Ministers Nordens Hus Ved Stranden 18 DK-1061 Copenhagen K, Denmark Tel.: +45 3396 0200 www.norden.org Download Nordic publications at www.norden.org/nordpub Contents Foreword ...................................................................................................................................7 Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................. 9 1. Summary, introduction and background ............................................................................ 11 2. Case 1: Land transport ....................................................................................................... 13 2.1 Current and upcoming technologies ........................................................................ 13 2.2 Segmentation and potential for new technology .....................................................21 2.3 Potential for reductions in carbon emissions........................................................... 22 3. Case 2: Igaliku hybrid system ............................................................................................. 35 3.1 Hybrid systems in the Arctic ................................................................................... 36 3.2 Segmentation and potential for new technology ..................................................... 37 3.3 Potential for reductions in carbon emissions........................................................... 39 4. Case 3: Electrification of fishing vessels ..............................................................................41 4.1 Current and upcoming technologies ........................................................................41 4.2 Categorisation and potential for new technology ................................................... 44 4.3 Potential for reductions in carbon emissions........................................................... 45 5. Case 4: Tourism ................................................................................................................ 49 5.1 Tourism development ............................................................................................ 49 5.2 Carbon emission from the tourism sector ............................................................... 52 5.3 Tourism as a driver for green transition .................................................................. 58 6. Case 5: De-carbonizing Svalbard ....................................................................................... 61 6.1 Existing energy consumption in Svalbard ............................................................... 62 6.2 Catalogue of technical solutions for replacing fossil fuel based energy supply ......... 63 6.3 Summary ................................................................................................................76 6.4 Data and Literature ................................................................................................. 78 Sammenfatning.......................................................................................................................81 Case study .........................................................................................................................81 Land transport ...................................................................................................................81 Igaliku energiforsyning ......................................................................................................81 Elektrificering af fiskerbåde .............................................................................................. 82 Turisme ............................................................................................................................ 82 Det fremtidige energisystem i Svalbard ............................................................................ 82 Foreword The following report is the result of a study undertaken by COWI on behalf of Nordic Energy Research, the platform for cooperative energy research and policy development under the auspices of Nordic Council of Ministers. Nordic Energy Research’s mandate for creating knowledge to support energy and climate targets in the Nordics applies not just to the larger countries of the Nordic region, but also the more sparsely populated areas of the West Artic; Greenland, Iceland, Faroe Islands, Jan Mayen, Svalbard and Arctic Ocean areas nearby these lands. These areas present unique energy challenges, as well as unique opportunities. By studying the energy systems in these areas we can learn how to create a more sustainable, more energy-independent artic region, and begin to apply the lessons learned from these regions to energy systems elsewhere in the world. We would like to thank all those who have participated in this process. Hans Jørgen Koch Director, Nordic Energy Research Energy in the West Nordics and the Arctic 7 Acknowledgements Energy in the West Nordics and the Artic (EVA) is a collaborative project between COWI and Nordic Energy Research – an intergovernmental organisation under the Nordic Council of Ministers. Nordic Energy Research was the coordinator of the project. Jakob Nymann Rud at COWI was the project manager and had overall responsibility for the design and implementation of the study. Nordic Energy Research team Hilde Marit Kvile, Kevin Johnsen and Marie Kjellén. COWI team Jakob Nymann Rud, Morten Hørmann, Vibeke Hammervold, Ragnar Ásmundsson (HeatRD), Ivo Georgiev, Gillian Dyer, Simon Brøndum Andersen, Jes Erik Jessen, Pia Kvorning, Meta Reimer Brødsted. Steering group The work was guided by the Steering group, consisting of: Erla Björk Þorgeirsdóttir (Iceland), Rune Volla (Norway), Meinhard Eliasen (Faroe Islands), Peter Njenga Githii et al (Greenland). The individuals and organisations that contributed to this study are not responsible for any opinions or judgements contained in this study. Energy in the West Nordics and the Arctic 9 Contact Comments and questions are welcome and should be addressed to: Kevin Johnsen Nordic Energy Research E-mail: [email protected]
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