The Citadel Hammer Member Breaks Ground Cushions Spotlight: with Outdoor Soils Lab Build Inc.

page 20 page 28 page 33

THE OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE PILE DRIVING CONTRACTORS ASSOCIATION | SUMMER 2004 VOL. 1, NO. 3

PROJECT SPOTLIGHT: PPDCADCA MemberMember JJordanordan PPileile DDrivingriving HHelpselps RestoreRestore UUSSSS AAlabamalabama BBattleshipattleship

PRSTD STD US POSTAGE PAID FARGO ND PERMIT #1080 HP14x73 HP12x53 HP10x42 HP8x36 HP14x89 HP12x63 HP10x57 HP14x102 HP12x74 HP14x117 HP12x84

Pipe & Piling Supplies Ltd. U.S.A. George A. Lanxon Piling Sales San Francisco www.pipe-piling.com Washington P. O. Box 3069 P. O. Box 5206 CANADA Auburn, WA Fairview Heights, IL 62208 Fair Oaks, CA 95628-9104 253-939-4700 618-632-2998 916-989-6720 British Columbia [email protected] 618-271-0031 Port Coquitlam, BC Fax: 618-632-9806 Nebraska Regal Steel Supply 604-942-6311 Barbara J. Lanxon, President Northern California Omaha,NE [email protected] West Washington Street 402-896-9611 Midwest Pipe & Steel Inc. at Port Road 23 [email protected] Alberta [email protected] Stockton, CA 95203 Nisku, AB 323 East Berry Street 800-649-3220 Michigan 780-955-0501 P. O. Box 11558 Fax: 209-943-3223 Kincheloe, MI [email protected] Fort Wayne, IN 46859 [email protected] 906-495-2245 800-589-7578 Calgary, AB rgriffi[email protected] 260-422-6541 R.W. Conklin Steel Supply Inc. 403-236-1332 Fax: 260-426-0729 [email protected] Steel & Pipe Supply Co. Inc. www.conklinsteel.com 3336 Carpenters Creek Drive www.spsci.com International Cincinnati, OH 45241-3813 Ontario 555 Poyntz Avenue 888-266-5546 Brampton, ON Manhattan, KS 66502 Construction Services Inc. Fax: 513-769-0610 905-840-9250 800-521-2345 [email protected] [email protected] Fax: 785-587-5174 P. O. Box 15598 [email protected] Pittsburgh, PA 15244-0598 Saginaw Pipe CMRM 888-593-1600 www.saginawpipe.com Fax: 412-788-9180 1980 Highway 31 South Quebec www.cmrm.com Saginaw, AL 35137 St-Hubert, QC 950 Industrial Road New York 800-571-7433 450-445-0050 Cambridge, Ontario 308 Harris Street Fax: 281-361-6025 Fax: 450-445-4828 Canada N3H 4W1 Lilly, PA 15938 [email protected] 800-667-0447 814-884-4945 [email protected] Fax: 519-650-2223 [email protected] Nova Scotia Chicago Bedford, NS P. O. Box 993 902-835-6158 Plainfield, IL 60544 [email protected] 815-609-9527

Structural and Rail Division 2601 County Road 700 East, Columbia City, Indiana 46725 (260) 625-8100 • (866) 740-8700 • www.steeldynamics.com THE OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE PILE DRIVING CONTRACTORS ASSOCIATION | SUMMER 2004 VOL. 1, NO. 3

PILE DRIVING CONTRACTORS ASSOCIATION P.O. Box 19527 Boulder, CO 80308-2527 Tel: (303) 517-0421 Fax: (303) 443-3871 Contents www.piledrivers.org Email: [email protected] Letter from the President Published by: By Wayne E. Waters ...... 2 Lester Publications, LLC 2131 NW 40th Terrace - Suite A Gainesville, FL 32605 2004 PDCA Board of Directors Main Line (877) 387-2700 and Committee Chairmen ...... 4 President Jeff Lester | (866) 953-2189 Letter from the Executive Director General Manager By Tanya Goble ...... 6 Michael Winters | (877) 387-2700

Sales Director Project Spotlight: Bob Neufeld | (866) 953-2189 PDCA Member Jordan Pile Driving Inc.

Editor Completes USS Alabama Hull Restoration Lisa Kopochinski | (800) 481-0265 Project Ahead of Schedule...... 10

Art Director Jennifer Karton | (877) 953-2587 2004 DICEP Conference Information ...... 15

Graphic Designers Amanda Penner | (888) 953-2190 Does Size Really Matter? Vince Saseniuk | (866) 890-8756 In Hammer Cushions, Little Things Count! ...... 18 Account Executives Debbie Angers, Heather Campbell, George The Citadel Breaks Ground Kamstra, Louise Peterson, Michelle Raike With an Outdoor Soils Lab ...... 20 2004 Lester Publications, LLC. All rights reserved. The contents of this publication National Geotechnical Inspector may not be reproduced by any means, in whole or in part, without the prior written Qualification Program ...... 25 consent of the publisher.

Printed in Canada Operating Principles of Please recycle where facilities exist. Single-Acting Air/Stream Hammer ...... 28

Visit the PDCA Web site at www.piledrivers.org. Member Profile: Build Inc.’s Dick Stromness Piledriver is published quarterly. Please contact us by mail at Still Going Strong at Age 86 ...... 33 P. O. Box 19527, Boulder, CO 80308-2527 Phone: 303-517-0421 | Fax: 303-443-3871 Calendar of Events ...... 37 or by E-mail at [email protected].

Statements of fact and opinion are the respon- PDCA Membership Application Form ...... 38 sibility of the authors alone and do not imply an opinion on the part of the officers or mem- bers of the Pile Driving Contractors Association. Membership Benefits ...... 40 All rights reserved. Materials may not be repro- duced or translated without written permission. Direct requests for reprint permission should PDCA New Members ...... 42 be made to the Executive Director of the Pile Driving Contractors Association. Advertiser Index ...... 44 The subscription rate for members is $18 which is included in the annual dues. The U.S. subscription rate for non-members is $36 for one year and $72 for two years. COVER:

Canadian subscribers: add $5 per year. All Restoration of the USS other non-U.S. subscribers add $10 per year. Alabama Battleship, Mobile, AL. Photo: Jordan Pile Driving Inc., Mobile, AL.

• Summer 2004 1 PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE Accident Causes Reflection on Deep Foundation Safety and Behavior

By Wayne E. Waters, PDCA President

he recent failure of the large was drilled to a specified depth and the blow count. Since the failure occurred drilled shaft foundation under drill hole was then filled with concrete. under the dead load only, I believe that Ta pier at an expressway project Obviously, the drill hole was not open to the blow count at that depth would near Tampa has reverberated throughout the sinkhole since it presumably did not have been much less than the required the deep foundation industry. I under- require an unusual amount of concrete, value, given the typical factors of safety stand that the pier of this elevated struc- which would cause a red flag to be raised. and dead load/live load ratios. In other ture was supported on a single drilled After the concrete cured, the shaft was words, driving would have continued. shaft approximately six feet in diameter. loaded by the construction pier and later About two years ago, my firm, Ed Unfortunately, the failure was fairly rapid by the two spans it supports. The foun- Waters and Sons Contracting Inc., drove as the pier moved downward. As you can dation failed after an extended period of piles for a Florida DOT bridge project in see in the photo below, the structure time had elapsed under the total dead an area of known sinkholes. The major- that failed appeared to be completed, load and possibly by some of the con- ity of piles were driven to depths well and the next span was in the process struction load. I assume that the design below the advanced estimate of 180 of being completed. of the pier carried a safety factor in the feet. Several piles didn’t reach criteria I heard of the failure very early on neighborhood of 2.0, so I concluded that even after penetrating over 600 feet! Tuesday, April 13. Reports stated that the ultimate capacity of the existing Subsequently, some of those piles were the shaft had “plunged” into a sinkhole. shaft was much less than that required. dynamically tested and piles, without Later, I heard that the shaft failed struc- What would happen had a driven- the required capacity, were evaluated turally due to a serious defect. These pile foundation been used? A pile-driv- and in some cases, piles were added. The reports were from media sources, rather ing criterion would have been selected bridge performs admirably to this date. that factual reports from the job site, based on a number of different possibili- If a single shaft is inadequate for what- but the failure did cause me to reflect ties. At the beginning of the project, one ever reason, the structure fails. If it fails on deep foundation safety and behavior. or more static load tests may have been at a point where capacity is less than In particular, I wondered, could such a performed. The test piles would have that of the dead load and the construc- failure have occurred with a driven-pile been driven to some blow count possibly tion load, failure could cause injury or foundation, assuming the failure was derived from a wave equation analysis. possible loss of life. caused by a sinkhole? My conclusion was Dynamic testing could have also been Driven-pile solutions are the best that it would be virtually impossible. used to determine the blow count. After choice in sinkhole prone areas. Most Admittedly, I do not profess to be completion of the testing program, the driven-pile foundations consist of multiple an expert in drilled-shaft construction. driving criterion would have been estab- piles, offering a redundancy comprised However, I assume lished and subsequent pile driving would of several load paths. Remember: “A that the shaft have been performed to that required DRIVEN PILE IS A TESTED PILE!” ▼

2 • Summer 2004

2004 PDCA Board of Directors & Committee Chairmen 2004 Board of Directors Reginald K. L. Lee 2004 Committee Chairmen Wayne E. Waters Member Van Hogan President P: (808) 735-3211 Communications Committee P: (904) 268-4419 F: (808) 735-7413 P: (904) 268-4419 F: (904) 260-9379 1209 Pihana St. F: (904) 260-9379 C: (904) 631-8308 Honolulu, HI 96825 C: (904) 631-8309 6467 Greenland Road [email protected] 6467 Greenland Road Jacksonville, FL 32258 Jacksonville, FL 32258 [email protected] Garland E. Likins, Jr. [email protected] Member Randy Dietel P: (216) 831-6131 John Linscott Vice President F: (216) 831-0916 Environmental Committee P: (409) 945-3459 4535 Renaissance Parkway P: (207) 799-8514 F: (409) 945-4318 Cleveland, OH 44128 F: (207) 799-8538 P.O. Box 1847 [email protected] 89 Pleasant Ave. Texas City, TX 77592-1847 South Portland, ME 04106 [email protected] Rory Kelly [email protected] Member Mark Weisz P: (703) 978-2500 Wayne E. Waters Secretary/Treasurer F: (703) 978-2908 Finance Committee P: (707) 562-4100 5610-B Sandy Lewis Dr. P: (904) 268-4419 F: (707) 562-4106 Fairfax, VA 22032 F: (904) 260-9379 P.O. Box 2195 [email protected] C: (904) 631-8308 Vallejo, CA 94592 6467 Greenland Road [email protected] Stephen K. Whitty, Jr. Jacksonville, FL 32258 Member [email protected] Jim Frazier P: (985) 643-0690 Past President F: (985) 643-0690 Mark Weisz P: (303) 791-5642 C: (985) 707-7353 Education Committee F: (303) 791-5647 P.O. Box 1607 P: (707) 562-4100 C: (303) 419-1543 Slidell, LA 70459-1607 F: (707) 562-4106 9002 North Moore Road [email protected] P.O. Box 2195 Littleton, CO 80125 Vallejo, CA 94592 [email protected] Warren Waite [email protected] Member John Linscott P: (800) 474-5326 Michael F. Engestrom Member F: (713) 691-0089 Market Development Committee P: (207) 799-8514 P.O. Box 16099 P: (954) 384-4545 F: (207) 799-8538 Houston, TX 77222 F: (954) 337-0831 89 Pleasant Ave. [email protected] 772 Sand Creek Circle South Portland, ME 04106 Weston, FL 33327 [email protected] Tanya Goble [email protected] Executive Director Harry Robbins P: (303) 517-0421 Randy Dietel Member F: (303) 443-3871 Technical Committee P: (843) 577-0545 P.O. Box 19527 P: (409) 945-3459 F: (843) 577-0547 Boulder, CO 80308-2527 F: (409) 945-4318 P.O Box 70986 [email protected] P.O. Box 1847 Charleston, SC 29415 Texas City, TX 77592-1847 [email protected] [email protected]

Trey Ford Rory Kelly Member Member Services Committee P: (757) 497-3593 P: (703) 978-2500 F: (757) 497-0031 F: (703) 978-2908 4985 Euclid Road 5610-B Sandy Lewis Dr Virginia Beach, VA 23462 Fairfax, VA 22032 [email protected] [email protected]

4 • Summer 2004 Berminghammer the clean hammer.

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Berminghammer_sum04 1 6/28/04 10:29:14 AM EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR’S MESSAGE

PDCA Delivers Innovative Educational Programs

By Tanya Goble, PDCA Executive Director

key element in PDCA’s mission design and installation course, presented 2005 PDCA Professor’s of promoting the driven pile to you in your office, via electronic Piling Institute Ais developing and delivering means. The course will consist of a series The PDCA is pleased to announce cutting-edge education for contractors, of 90-minute lectures delivered by Dr. that the next PDCA Professor’s Institute engineers, geotechs, university profes- George G. Goble, consulting engineer and will be held June 19-24, 2005, at Utah sors and students. These programs are former professor; and Jerry A. DiMaggio, State University in Logan Utah. This key aimed at sharpening the skill set of the principal geotechnical engineer with the educational program brings together top engineers that design driven-pile foun- Federal Highway Administration. This industry professionals to present the latest dations and the contractors that install coordinated lecture series is entitled concepts in pile driving to an audience of them. PDCA believes that improved “Construction of Deep Foundations” and 25 engineering professors. During the five- education will result in greater com- will cover all aspects of the installation day program, professors are introduced to petitiveness for the driven pile through of driven piles, drilled shafts, augercast all aspects of driven-pile design, installation increased reliability, usefulness and piles and micropiles. A complete list- and quality control and receive the tools cost-effectiveness. ing of the planned lectures is described to easily incorporate it into their classes. Over the next six to 12 months, on pages 7 and 8. When this series is Future engineers, that will be determin- PDCA will be sponsoring several educa- complete, we expect to present a series ing the specifications for deep foundation tional programs, including a major new of lectures covering deep foundation projects, will get much better training on initiative. We strongly encourage mem- design. This exciting new program will designing constructible and economic pile bership participation in these activities. be available at a low, per-site cost and foundations. The Professor’s Institute is a Here is some more information: greatly reduces the personal time and cost- and labor-intensive project. Your asso- travel expenses associated with continu- ciation is funding virtually all expenses for 5th Annual Design & Installation ing education. DVDs of each session will the invited professors, including housing, of Cost-Efficient Driven Piles be available for purchase if you miss one. meals, instructor expenses and materials. Conference CEUs/PDHs will be awarded for each Please consider sponsoring a professor from This conference will be held session attended. More information will your area and making a financial contribu- September 16-17, 2004 in Los Angeles. be available on the PDCA Web site soon. tion to help us with this important effort. Intended for both for geotechnical and In the meantime, contact Dr. George PDCA will be starting a fundraising cam- structural engineers and contractors, the Goble at Foundation Courses, Inc. at paign shortly, so look for more information one-and-a-half day conference presents (303) 494-0702 if you have questions. via e-mail and the PDCA Web site soon. the technical basis for understanding, analyzing and controlling pile driv- ing along with the latest methods for improving reliability and reducing costs. We have assembled a stellar line up of speakers. A complete program is includ- ed in this edition of Piledriver and is also available on the PDCA Web site at www.piledrivers.org. Attendees will earn 1.0 CEUs or 10 PDHs!

New! Construction of Deep Foundations Teleweb Seminars PDCA is sponsoring the development of a comprehensive deep-foundations

6 • Summer 2004 PROGRAM CONSTRUCTION OF DEEP FOUNDATIONS TELEWEB SEMINARS

October 7, 2004 magnitudes for the various pile types phase of a deep foundation project Session 1. Deep Foundation Design will be summarized based on typical are presented. This seminar topic also and Construction Process - G. Goble loads permitted by design codes. addresses the concept of assigning The design and construction pro- design safety factors based on the reli- cess will be reviewed and discussed. The Session 4. Drilled Pile Equipment – ability and frequency of the testing and deep foundation design and construc- J. DiMaggio monitoring that is used during con- tion process is quite unusual and there Basic construction procedures and struction. Static analysis and dynam- are substantial differences between driv- typical equipment used for the con- ic formula of capacity predictions are en and drilled-foundation elements. The struction of drilled shafts, augercast addressed here. unique and similar aspects of both deep piles and micropiles will be discussed. foundation types will be presented. Session 7. Dynamics of Pile Penetration Session 5. Pile Driving Equipment and Wave Equation Field Use – Goble November 4, 2004 – G. Goble The penetration of driven piles Session 2. Drilled Pile Types – J. DiMaggio The total pile-driving system, includ- can be explained best by consid- There are several families of drilled ing leads, hammers, cushions and hel- erations of wave mechanics. These piles, including drilled shafts, micropiles mets will be presented and described. concepts can be presented in a very and augercast piles. Each drilled pile The function of each element will be simple fashion using one dimensional group will be described and the advan- discussed. The various hammer types will wave propagation concepts described tages and limitations of each group will be presented and the important aspects of physically. These concepts will be pre- be presented. their operation will be described in detail. sented in a manner that can be easily Additional Sessions Planned (Schedule TBA) Advantages and disadvantages of each used in understanding and observing hammer type will be discussed. pile driving. Wave-equation analysis Session 3. Driven Pile Types – G. Goble is usually used to evaluate pile driv- There are a large number of driv- Session 6. Construction Monitoring of ability and sometimes used to estab- en-pile types. The most common ones Deep Foundations – DiMaggio lish the pile installation criterion. will be described and their particular The scope and suggested responsi- In this presentation, the use of the applications will be discussed. Load bilities of the construction monitoring analysis results will be emphasized.

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• Summer 2004 7 PROGRAM CONSTRUCTION OF DEEP FOUNDATIONS TELEWEB SEMINARS

Session 8. Static Load Testing – that their designs are based on cost con- to geotechnical and foundation prac- J. DiMaggio siderations. However, established proce- tice, and has presented over 250 semi- This topic addresses the importance dures and methods have not been pre- nars and workshops for professionals and effective use of static load testing in sented. Cost evaluation will be discussed in design and construction of bridges, both the design and construction proj- and methods will be presented. This retaining walls and earthworks. ect phases. Conventional tests, as well analysis will include considerations of Dr. Goble is a consulting engineer as O-Cell tests and Statnamic tests are the cost of construction time. who specializes in deep foundations covered. Compression, tension and lateral with emphasis on driven-pile design and loading and basic instrumentation and Teleweb Presenters installation. He advises on all aspects of interpretation concepts are presented. The presentations will be made by deep-foundation design and installation Jerry A. DiMaggio and George G. Goble. including value engineering, application Session 9. Dynamic Testing for Capacity Mr. DiMaggio is principal geotechnical of LRFD in foundation design, driven- – G. Goble engineer with the Federal Highway pile installation problems and structural Dynamic testing under the pile-driv- Administration in Washington D.C. aspects of deep foundations design. After ing hammer with the Pile Driving Analyzer and a member of the adjunct faculty at working as a structural designer for sev- is now routine on most pile driving jobs. the University of Delaware and Johns eral years, he was on the faculty of civil The measurements and equipment will Hopkins University. With more than engineering at Case Western Reserve be described and examples of measure- 30 years of experience in geotechni- University and later at the University ments will be presented. The analysis of cal and foundation engineering prac- of Colorado. Currently, he is an adjunct the measurements to determine hammer tice involving the design and construc- professor at Utah State University. He performance and pile capacity will be pre- tion monitoring of deep foundations supervised the research that developed sented and discussed including both Case and earth retaining structures, he has dynamic pile testing, the Pile Driving Method and CAPWAP. become well known in this field. He Analyzer and techniques for the analysis serves on numerous national commit- of pile driving. He recently retired from Session 10. Selection of Foundation Type tees and task forces related to the devel- Pile Dynamics, Inc. and GRL Engineers, Based on Cost Analysis – J. DiMaggio opment of technical guidelines, speci- Inc. (firms that he founded) and now Foundation designers often suggest fications and testing standards related works as an independent consultant. ▼

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8 Seaboard_Steel_sum04 1 • Summer 2004 5/25/04 1:50:08 PM

PDCA PROJECT SPOTLIGHT

From a pile-driving perspective, replacing the deteriorated hull of the 680-foot long battleship, without moving it to dry dock, was no easy feat.

PDCA Member Jordan Pile Driving Inc. Completes USS Alabama Hull Restoration Project Ahead of Schedule

By Lisa Kopochinski, Piledriver Editor

10 • Summer 2004 The 70 million lb. WWII battleship has been the centerpiece of the Battleship Memorial Park since 1964.

t’s not everyday that a pile-driving contractor gets to work on a project of such historical magnitude. But, such Iwas the case for Mobile, AL-based Jordan Pile Driving Inc. and the USS Alabama, a national historic landmark. “Restoring one of two remaining The $4 million restoration of the USS Alabama’s hull was completed, not only ahead of schedule, but on budget South Dakota class of battleships and without any disruption of the day-to-day operations of the state’s largest tourist attraction in Battleship Memorial Park. is a one-of-a-kind effort.” The hull of the 62-year old battleship had corroded — BILL TUNNELL, EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR, extensively from resting at the bottom of the Mobile Bay for USS ALABAMA BATTLESHIP MEMORIAL PARK nearly four decades. From a pile-driving perspective, replacing the deterio- rated hull of the 680-foot long battleship, without moving it to dry dock, was no easy feat. Bill Tunnell, executive director of the Battleship D.R. Jordan, president of Jordan Pile Driving, Inc., says Memorial Park, said that workers cut 10,000 square feet steel sheet piling was used as shoring to allow excavation of corroded steel out of the hull and replaced it with alongside the ship’s hull to expose deteriorated steel that was three-eighths-inch steel, then covered that over with the then removed and replaced. double-plated steel. While the project, part of $13 million in Battleship Memorial To properly restore the hull, a cofferdam was con- Park’s improvements, was expected to be completed last December, structed around the battleship (by another contractor) at a construction actually wrapped up late last September. cost of $4.5 million, so that water around the vessel could As reported by George Werneth in the Mobile Register, be pumped out. Tunnell said the hull was replaced at points the project included placing nearly 18,000 square feet of dou- extending from above the waterline to below the mud line. ble-plated, half-inch steel on the hull all the way around the The cofferdam will be left in place so that the water level WWII vessel (which earned nine battle stars in the Pacific). can be raised and lowered as needed.

As a Company committed to enhancing the communities in which we operate, IPSCO is pleased to lend its support to the USS Alabama Hull Restoration Project.

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• Summer 2004 11 The hull of the 62-year old battle- ship had corroded extensively from resting at the bottom of the Mobile Bay for nearly four decades.

Meeting the challenge of a difficult job The contract also called for the battleship to be An extensive safety analysis was done prior to mobi- painted after the bunker oil tanks had been emptied and lizing on site. The job had to be built from the water as hull repairs had been completed. An extensive scaffolding well as the land. Issues, such as equipment placement and system was put in place to accommodate the blasting and individual work areas, had to be coordinated. painting of the severely sloped hull. Marine historians Details, such as equipment maintenance and fueling, were consulted for recommendations on the exact paint had to be addressed too. With dewatering pumps running color to be used to match the original color when the around the clock, refueling was done during off-peak hours USS Alabama was built in 1942. so park visitors would not be inconvenienced. Cleaning the bunker oil tanks was another challenge. Excellence in project management One million gallons of both contaminated and uncontami- The critical issue on this project was dealing with con- nated material had to be pumped out of the belly of the ditions inside the hull and restoring the ship to its original battleship into holding tanks, which were then treated and condition as closely as possible. disposed of off site. Each person working in these areas had Because of the deteriorated condition of the tanks that to wear full toxic material coveralls in the blistering heat held contaminated material, very little surveying could be of the Mobile summer. done before this job was bid. The bottom portion of the

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Hartman_Engineering_sum2004 1 6/28/04 9:42:04 AM 12 • Summer 2004 PDCA PROJECT SPOTLIGHT

While the project, part of $13 million in Battleship Memorial Park’s improvements, was expected to be completed last December, construction actually wrapped up late last September.

hull was essentially “off-limits.” Not much information was known as to what was below deck of the battleship. Jordan Pile Driving Inc. excelled in this aspect of the project. The company was able to make quick assessments of problem areas, consult with marine chemists to determine toxicity levels, and safely dispose of contaminated materials. D.R. Jordan says what they found most enjoyable about the project was the fact that, “We built the original mooring facilities in 1964. It was very gratifying to go back and work on the same tourist attraction 40 years later.” He adds that the biggest obstacle the company encoun- tered was “keeping the Battleship open to the public, while working 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. The Battleship Park is one of the few tourist attractions that is open 365 days a year.”

Innovation in construction techniques As part of the contract, Jordan kept the inside of the wall, that surrounds the USS Alabama, free of water so work could continue. “Our experience in the marine construction industry was an advantage here,” explains D.R. Jordan. “We relied on our knowledge of large pipes and dewatering techniques. We suc- cessfully installed large diameter pipe piling at various locations inside the seawall to aid us. Large pumps were lowered inside An extensive safety analysis was done prior to mobilizing these pipes to aid in keeping the water level down.” on site. The job had to be built from the water as well as In the first phase of dewatering, Jordan utilized pumps capa- the land. Issues, such as equipment placement and ble of moving 4,100 gallons of water per minute. After the initial individual work areas, had to be coordinated.

• Summer 2004 13 PDCA PROJECT SPOTLIGHT

The USS Alabama is the state of Alabama’s most popular tourist attraction, hosting more than 300,000 visitors annually. For 40 years, more than 11 million people have visited the WWII battleship. water removal process was completed, the company used smaller Jordan elected to use high efficiency, low emission elec- electric pumps to keep the cofferdam dry. tric pumps to keep noise levels at a tolerable level. “We were able to rely on shoring experience to aid muck Also on hand throughout the job were turbidity barriers. excavation adjacent to the hull,” continues D.R. Jordan. These barriers act as screens to filter our dirt particles in the “Short sheet piling was driven in different areas on both sides water, keeping the surrounding water color uniform. of the battleship and then dug out to expose the hull below the existing mud line. The damaged hull plating was burned Gaining tough approval out and replaced with new material.” The company was not only compelled to complete the job as per the job specifications, but had to meet the satisfaction of Sensitivity to environment and surroundings the Battleship Commission. Because of the USS Alabama’s proximity to the water, “We were also required to meet the approval of another special precautions were taken to avoid getting hazardous bun- very interested group,” says D.R. Jordan. ker oil into the waters of Mobile Bay. All of the contaminated This group, and the most important, was the former crew compartments were pumped out using a large vacuum hose. members of the USS Alabama. The group meets regularly at This hose was pumped directly into holding tanks which were the battleship for reunions and possesses the sharpest eye for treated and taken to an approved landfill. change. The crew members lived and breathed on this ship Oil soak barriers were strategically placed around areas that during wartime and know the ship like the back of their hand. were subject to any contaminated material intrusion. All of the To pass inspection by this group is the greatest compliment contaminated soil was removed from the cofferdam and fresh and achievement. ▼ material brought in to replace it.

Project Name: USS Alabama Hull Restoration Project, Mobile, AL. Project Description: Replating the deteriorated hull of the 680-foot long battleship without moving the vessel to dry dock. Pile-driving and general contractor: Jordan Pile Driving, Inc., Mobile, AL. D.R. Jordan, president of Jordan Pile Driving, Inc., Owner: USS Alabama Battleship Commission says steel sheet piling was used as shoring to allow Engineer: Volkert & Associates, Mobile, AL. excavation alongside the ship’s hull to expose dete- riorated steel that was then removed and replaced.

State-of-the-Art Advancement

The 62-year old battleship is far from modern New advancements in alloy steel allowed by today’s standards. The unique challenge on the hull replating to be done with a stron- the project was to upgrade the original structural ger more corrosion-resistant steel. Jordan Pile materials present on the USS Alabama, while Driving Inc. also utilized modern paint mix- keeping the changes hidden. tures specifically formulated to minimize salt When built in 1942, the outer tank walls were water intrusion. Extensive x-ray testing was per- one-half inch thick. Some 60 years later, they are formed on every inch of welding to ensure solid the thickness of a dime or less in some areas. 100 percent penetration.

14 • Summer 2004 The Pile Driving Contractors Association Presents Design and Installation of Cost-Efficient Driven Piles Conference

September 16-17, 2004 Registration & Fees Los Angeles, California Fees are $280 if payment is received by Friday, September We have seen dramatic developments in piles and pile- 10 and $310 after that date. The registration fee includes: the driving equipment in the past 30 years. Quality-control devic- official Book of Proceedings, session handouts, a copy of the es have improved the reliability of driven piles so lower factors PDCA Code Book, “Recommended Design Specifications for of safety can be justified. Higher-strength pile materials are Driven Bearing Piles, 3rd edition”, a copy of the PDCA educa- available at little or no cost increase. We have a better under- tional CD, “Driven Piles are Tested Piles,” lunch and recep- standing of pile behavior. The result is a product vastly supe- tion on Thursday and coffee breaks. Economical table top rior and more cost effective than alternative piling methods. exhibits are also available. Registration forms are available on This seminar is intended for geotechnical engineers, struc- the PDCA Web site at www.piledrivers.org or by contacting tural engineers, contractors and college professors interested PDCA at (303) 517-0421. in taking advantage of opportunities in driven-pile design and installation to reduce the cost of their deep foundation designs. Location The conference will be held at the Sheraton Gateway General Information Los Angeles, 6101 W. Century Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90045. This one-and-a-half day seminar will present the tech- Reservations can be made by calling (310) 642-1111. A special nical basis for understanding, analyzing and controlling pile conference room rate of $109/$119 (deadline is August 25, 2004!) driving. Applications of high-design loads will be presented is available by asking for the PDCA DICEP Conference room and discussed and the potential for the use of high-design block. The hotel is located very near Los Angeles International loads and lower factors of safety in the PDCA code will be airport and a free shuttle runs continuously between the airport presented. Other presentations include case studies, testing and the hotel. Consider spending the weekend – there’s a myriad methods and pile-driving vibrations. of fun activities in the area and a shuttle allows for easy access Attendees will receive a certificate verifying 1.0 CEUs from the hotel to nearby Manhattan Beach. For more info, visit or 10 PDHs www.sheratonlosangeles.com.

DESIGN • COST ESTIMATING • INSPECTION Cofferdams • Bulkheads • Excavation Support • Underpinning Formwork • Falsework • Temporary Trestles • Deep Foundations

JURI JALAJAS, P.E. Consulting Construction Engineer

443 SpringÀeld Ave. (908) 273-5164 Summit, NJ 07901 FAX (908) 608-0777 e-mail: [email protected]

• Summer 2004 15 PROGRAM SCHEDULE

Thursday, September 16, 2004 2:00 – 3:00 Pile Testing Methods – 7:30 – 8:30 Conference registration. What Works and What Doesn’t Exhibit area open, coffee provided. D. Michael Holloway, Principal (InSituTech, Ltd.)

8:30 – 8:45 Welcome and Introduction to the Seminar 3:00 – 3:30 Break Wayne Waters, PDCA President 3:30 – 4:15 Current Design Codes for Driven Piles 8:45 – 9:45 High Capacity Piles George Goble, Principal Peter Osborn, Senior Geotechnical Engineer (George Goble Consulting Engineer, LLC) (Federal Highway Administration) 4:15 – 5:00 Panel Discussion 9:45 – 10:45 Pile Installation at Soldier Field All Presenters Michael Wysockey, PE (Thatcher Engineering) 5:00 – 5:30 Reception 10:45 – 11:00 Break Friday, September 17, 2004 11:00 – Noon Incorporating Setup into the Design 8:30 – 9:30 Efficient and Economical Driven Pile Solution for Casino and Installation of Driven Piles Resort: a Case History of the Effective Use of Testing Van Komurka, PE (Wagner Komurka Geotechnical Group) Dan Brown, Professor (Auburn University)

Noon – 1:00 Lunch 9:15 – 9:30 Break

1:00 – 2:00 Support Cost Components of 9:30 – 10:30 Vibration Monitoring – Why Bother? Driven Pile Foundations Barry Roth, Chief Engineer, (Municon Consultants) Van Komurka, PE (Wagner Komurka Geotechnical Group) 10:30 – 11:30 Batter Piles for Lateral Loads – A Driven Pile Advantage Ed Kavazanjian, Associate Professor (Arizona State University)

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WEIGHT (MASS) MOMENT OF SECTION MODULUS SURFACE AREA Section AREA WIDTH HEIGHT PER SINGLE PER WALL INERTIA Per Single Per Wall Total Area Nominal Area* Designation in2 cm2 in mm in mm lb/ft kg/m2 lb/ft2 kg/m2 in4 cm4 in3 cm3 in3/ft cm3/m ft2/ft m2/m ft2/n m2/m PZ22 11.9 76.6 22.0 559 9.0 228.6 40.3 60.1 22.0 107 151 6301 32.5 532 17.7 952 4.92 1.50 4.48 1.37 PZ27 12.1 78.2 18.0 457 12.0 304.8 40.5 61.3 27.5 134 282 11734 45.3 742 30.2 1622 4.93 1.50 4.48 1.37 PS27.5 13.4 86.6 19.7 500 — — 45.1 67.9 27.8 136 5.02 209 3.19 52.2 1.94 104 4.58 1.40 3.88 1.18 PS31 15.2 98.2 19.7 500 — — 50.9 77.0 31.5 154 5.51 229 3.35 55.0 2.04 110 4.58 1.40 3.87 1.18

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APRIL 2004 Does Size Really Matter? In Hammer Cushions, Little Things Count!

omeone once made the remark their design and use, pile hammers are helmet. The cushion material is situated that if you worry about the subjected to considerable rebound forces in this cushion pot and topped with a pennies, the dollars will take and stresses. Unless managed properly, heavy steel striker plate or anvil. Ideally, Scare of themselves; meaning these forces and stresses can cause major what is looked for in a cushion is material that if each of the small items is taken damage to the hammer, increased main- that provides adequate protection to the care of along the way, the major items tenance, and a threat to the safety of hammer while transmitting the most ener- will have been taken care of incremen- the crew. Damage from these forces that gy to the pile, provides longest life possible, tally many times over. The same can be can occur over time can cause fatiguing and requires the least maintenance. said of the planning and execution of a (crystallization), or fractures of the metal Early mechanical impact hammers, piling project. By paying attention to the structure, and loosening and eventual dis- first used to drive timber piles, did not details the job runs smoother and with- lodging of attached components due to require a cushion as the top of the tim- out unexpected breakdowns and delays, allowing the contractor to work more efficiently and economically. Hammer cushions are the most common cushions One item frequently overlooked or misunderstood is pile-driving cushions. encountered on the project and, with a few exceptions, Cushions are usually a minor item in the total scheme of the project. If cushions almost all impact pile hammers require the use of a become a problem during the course of the project they can rapidly become a hammer cushion of some sort. major cost item; not only from the stand- point of the cushion cost but, usually and more especially because of the crew vibration. In order to mitigate the effects ber pile provided some cushioning to and equipment downtime necessary to of these dangerous forces, the manufac- the hammer. With the advent of other, change out the cushion — time better turers have designed a provision for cush- stiffer pile materials, the industry came spent in driving piles. ion materials into the driving system. The to realize that additional protection was Pile-driving cushions are provided use of the cushion to protect the hammer required for the hammer, and inciden- primarily to protect the hammer or the (and crew) presents a contradictory situ- tally to some degree the pile. Many dif- pile, and are referred to as Hammer ation in that by dampening the reflected ferent materials have been used over the Cushions or Pile Cushions. Although forces, it also reduces the effective trans- years to accomplish this task — blocks they have a similar purpose, they are two mission of the full potential energy to and chips of various species of wood, different things. Pile-driving cushions the pile. This presents a problem in that asbestos materials, coiled cable, woven are contradictory items by nature. They while the ideal is to transmit as much wire mesh encapsulated in plastic, coils are provided to protect the hammer energy to the pile as possible, the pro- of paper and aluminum, phenolic lami- and/or pile by softening (cushioning) duced rebound forces must be tempered nate, aluminum, nylon blocks, and many the energy of the hammer blow. In doing to protect the hammer. others. Modern hammers most com- this, they work at odds with the objec- Regardless of the make, model, and monly use either a “sandwich” of pheno- tive of transmitting maximum available other variables in pile hammer design, lic laminate material (called by several energy to the driving process. the cushion is situated in a receptacle common trade names), and aluminum, Hammer cushions are the most com- (or cushion pot) located directly under or special alloyed nylon blocks with mon cushions encountered on the proj- the point of impact of the ram or piston. aluminum layers arranged to achieve ect and, with a few exceptions, almost Often this cushion pot is incorporated the manufacturer’s required stack height. all impact pile hammers require the into the drive cap or helmet, an accessory Proper cushion stack height is important use of a hammer cushion of some sort. that adapts the hammer to the particular to adequately protect the hammer and Manufacturers design their hammers with size and type of pile being driven. In the because stack height affects the hammer the intention of transmitting the most case of some hammers, this cushion pot stroke and/or timing. available energy to the pile. However, is located in a “universal” head or adap- Over time, two things occur dur- they recognize that in so doing, and by tor that then fits with the drive cap or ing driving which affect the efficiency

18 • Summer 2004 of the cushion as energy is transmitted that get “used up” during the course of PDCA member hammer manufacturers through the hammer-cushion drive-cap use, much like fuel and lubricants on are sources of information about cush- pile system. First, as driving progresses, other equipment. Proper selection of ion materials for their particular line of the cushion undergoes compression. As hammer cushion is important to main- hammers. Additionally, several PDCA the cushion compresses it becomes harder, taining progress in driving, ensuring that associate members specialize in cushion and will eventually lose its cushioning the anticipated energy is getting to the materials and are good sources of infor- and ability to protect the hammer. The pile, and that downtime due to chang- mation for the available cushion choices second thing to occur is the development ing cushions is kept to a minimum. An for differing applications. For contact of a significant amount of heat. Heat is additional consideration is the actual information, visit the Member Search usually most detrimental to cushion life, cushion cost. A cheap cushion that section of the PDCA Web site (http:// causing the breakdown of the cushion and lasts only half as long as a little more www.piledrivers.org). loss of cushioning ability. When this hap- expensive one recommended or speci- Look for a discussion on pile cush- pens, the cushion’s ability to protect the fied by the manufacturer or consul- ions in a future article in Piledriver hammer diminishes, and the energy trans- tant, is no bargain over the long term. magazine. ▼ mission to the pile drops considerably, causing the pile to require more blows from the hammer for the same amount of penetration — i.e. longer driving time and more cost. Factors affecting the life of a particular cushion are the relationship between the energy of the hammer and size of the cushion, the cushion material, and perhaps most importantly, the driving conditions due to the soil. It is hard to predict the useful life of a cushion on a given project. Many claims have been made about how long a particular cushion will last or how many piles were driven with it. As mentioned previously, heat is a major factor in the breakdown of cushions. It is useful at this point to recall that the cushion pot used to hold the cushion material is usually a relatively substantial steel structure. This provides a tremendous heat sink, absorb- ing and retaining large amounts of heat during driving. In situations where there is prolonged hard or heavy driving, tre- mendous amounts of heat can be gener- ated. This, depending upon the cushion material used, can cause the cushion to smolder or melt. In the event of smolder- ing, considerable amounts of smoke can be generated. If the cushion gets to this point it is a safe bet that it has been used well beyond its useful life. Likewise, if the cushion begins to melt, it is softening and loses its ability to transmit driving energy. To help alleviate the problem of heat buildup, many contractors have used water cooling of the cushion pot or drive cap. This has proved effective in prolong- ing the life of the cushion in many cases. However, prolonged immersion in water can cause phenolic materials to delami- nate, leading to more rapid deterioration of the cushion. It is necessary to recognize that hammer cushions are consumable items

• Summer 2004 19 THE CITADEL Breaks Ground with an Outdoor Soils Lab

By Keith Plemmons, PhD, PE, PMP, Assistant Professor The Citadel, Charleston, SC

omething new and innovative is happening at The Citadel Sin Charleston, SC. Normally, we think of a college laboratory as a smelly and musty place, where stu- dents shuffle about quietly in their lab coats and goggles, watching mold grow or dissecting frogs. This is not the case in The Citadel’s Outdoor Soils Lab (OSL). Outdoors, sunshine, fresh air, overlooking the Ashley River, and sometimes very noisy, the students wear sunglasses, hard hats and hearing protection. And, despite the differences, the objective remains the same — students learn the prac- tical application of basic concepts and theories. The OSL provides senior geo- technical engineering students with something they would not normally receive in an undergraduate class- room or laboratory – field experience. Andy Feix and Butch Knapp of S&ME describe the operation of the SCPT to To get this field experience, as their a group of Citadel students. geotechnical professor, I brought the students together with local engineer- ing firms and pile-driving companies Located on The Citadel campus, geotechnical concepts apply to every- to observe and participate in field the OSL provides an opportunity for day practice. Graduating senior Joseph investigations and pile driving. As the undergraduate civil and environ- Adams puts it succinctly: “You can one of my students, Jonathan Black, mental engineering students to develop learn anything in the classroom, but commented, “The outdoor soils lab a better understanding of the subjects seeing it in the field makes it real.” provided invaluable experience by taught in the classroom. Using hands- Modeled after the engineering reinforcing topics that were previ- on experiences and field demonstra- and construction process, the field ously only seen in the classroom.” tions, the class observed how basic investigation took place last January,

20 • Summer 2004 Frank Eaton and his crew from Soil Consultants, Inc. explain the basic operations of a mud rotary soil boring rig.

part of their soils lab. At stations 2, 3 and 4, S&ME Inc. provided demonstra- tions of the Seismic Cone Penetration Test (SCPT) rig, a Troxler nuclear density testing device and a “Speedy” moisture tester, respectively. After progressing through all four stations and to be released from the lab, each student had to walk myself through each station, explaining the procedures, application of theory, mate- rials used and other important facts. Less than three months after the field investigation, students found themselves back in the OSL watch- ing Pile Drivers Inc. set up and drive an 80-foot HP 10x42 pile and S&ME Inc. perform dynamic pile-test- ing procedures. This time, they had a personal interest in the outcome. The students had used the soil profile from the January tests to calculate the ulti- Citadel students Rhodes Jordan, Josh Roberson and Peter Valiquette (L to R) mate bearing capacity of the pile and practice operating a “Speedy” Moisture Tester. their results entered into a “contest”, with the closest answer winning $10 and a case of soft drinks. the data analysis and the laborato- boring with Standard Penetration Tests Before pile driving began, the stu- ry tests performed in February and at five-foot intervals. In addition, sev- dents gathered around the pile-driving March, and the construction occurred eral undisturbed Shelby Tube samples rig to learn about its components and in April. In January, two local engi- were obtained at various depths. At operation. Also, they were able to watch neering and testing companies set this station, students were instructed Greg Canivan from S&ME install the up four demonstration stations. At on the drilling operations, observed strain gages and accelerometers on the station 1, Soil Consultants Inc. drilling and sampling procedures and pile and to learn how they worked. performed a split-spoon sample soil obtained soil samples to be tested as During the pile driving, two

• Summer 2004 21 of the students, Josh Roberson and Andrew Krisel, volunteered to record blow counts, while the remainder of the class watched Greg analyze the Pile Driving Analyzer (PDA) data. After driving the pile a total of 76 feet and with 30 of those feet driven into the Cooper Marl, a thick, uni- form layer of highly plastic clay and the primary deep foundation bearing stratum for the Charleston, SC area, the operation halted for 20 minutes to let the pile gain strength. Restriking the pile and analyzing the data, the students were surprised to learn the pile capacity increased from 35 tons to approximately 85 tons. Though no surprise to the experts, the students thought this gain in capacity was “magic.” The open structure and high moisture content (40 to 60 percent) of the Cooper Marl produce driven Greg Canivan of S&ME demonstrates how strain gages and accelerometers piles with relatively small driving are attached to a steel H-pile. resistance. Shortly after driving and as pore pressures dissipate, the capac- ity gain, with respect to time, is sub- stantial and yields an economical foundation design. These character- istics of the Cooper Marl account for most of the “magic.” “What began as an idea about moving students from theory and the textbook to give them practical field experience has come to fruition. This is where learning happens. Now we have Outdoor Soils Lab where students can experience important aspects of fieldwork and the process Citadel students record blow counts and gather around Greg Canivan to of driving piles. This is a meaningful watch the pile driving and observe his PDA analysis. addition to our program. I want to thank those companies involved for their contribution in helping make this possible,” said Dennis Fallon, dean of the School of Engineering. The OSL experience resulted from collaboration between The Citadel, the South Carolina Chapter of PDCA, engineering and testing firms, pile-driving companies, and material suppliers. Together, we worked to “educate” the next gen- eration of engineers. As Jae Mattox, an engineering senior, states it, “The outdoor soils lab was the cap- stone for our geotechnical classes as it brought the theories and testing procedures to life.” ▼ Michael McCormick from Pile Drivers Inc. discusses pile-driving fundamentals with two cadets.

22 • Summer 2004 THE CITADEL SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND THE CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT WOULD LIKE TO THANK THE FOLLOWING COMPANIES FOR THEIR CONTRIBUTIONS:

Company Person Contribution S&ME Inc. Billy Camp, Greg Canivan, Seismic Cone Penetration Test, field test and field crews demonstrations, high strain dynamic testing with the Pile Driving Analyzer (PDA) Soil Consultants, Inc. Graham Forsythe, Frank Eaton, Soil boring and analysis and field crew Skyline Steel Richard Gilbert 80 foot, HP 10x42 pile

Pile Drivers, Inc. John King and Michael Field demonstration and pile driving McCormick and crew Palmetto Pile Driving Harry Robbins Field set up and coordination of pile driving operations

Author’s Note: This was our first year and it was very President’s Note: The author, Keith Plemmons, is a grad- instructive to put companies and students together in uate of our 2003 Professors’ Piling Institute held in Logan, the OSL. In the future, we hope to make additions to our Utah. The Citadel’s Outdoor Soils Lab is a great example of OSL and demonstrate other aspects of field investigation what can happen when PDCA members and educators com- and driven foundations. Being part of a field investigation bine their talents and resources. As new engineers gradu- and discovering what it takes to drive a pile is an experi- ate, the benefits of this program will extend far beyond the ence that each student will long remember. In the future, Charleston area. Get to know the engineering professors I hope it helps them make sound engineering decisions in your area. Our next Professors’ Institute will be held in regarding various foundation options. I can be reached at June 2005. Please consider sponsoring a professor at this [email protected] event. It’s a great way to promote the driven pile.

South Carolina Chapter of the PDCA Hosts Driven Pile Seminar

he South Carolina Chapter of the PDCA hosted a driv- University) and Dave Harrison (Walter & Associates) made en-pile technical seminar on March 25. The day-long presentations on construction induced vibrations with Dr. Tevent was held at The Citadel in Charleston, South Bay focusing on vibration theory and Mr. Harrison covering Carolina and attracted over 100 engineers, contractors, archi- measurements and case histories. Dr. George Goble, speak- tects and others involved with the construction industry. ing on driven-pile installation specifications, closed out Dr. Bill Isehnower (Ensoft, Inc.) began the program with the technical program in the afternoon. The technical pro- a presentation on the lateral analysis of driven piles. He was gram was followed by a social hour that gave attendees the followed by presentations on the design and use of prestressed opportunity to talk with many of the presenters. concrete piles, steel pipe piles and timber piles, which were The financial support of our sponsors enabled the PDCA made by Mac Nigels (Davis & Floyd), Mark Brumbaugh to keep the registration fee low. The seminar was considered (Skyline Steel) and Dean Matthews (consultant), respec- an overwhelming success and a second “annual” seminar is tively. Following a lunch break, Dr. Jim Bay (Utah State now tentatively planned for March 2005.

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24HM_Vibro_Sum04 1 • Summer7/12/04 2004 1:49:25 PM NATIONAL GEOTECHNICAL INSPECTOR QUALIFICATION PROGRAM Driven Pile Inspection Module

o improve the quality of our The Driven Pile and Drilled Shaft constructed highway facili- Inspector Certification Modules were Tties, FHWA Geotechnical and completed in January 2003 and have Hydraulics Technical Service Team been presented to numerous state DOTs Leader Peter W. Osborn is leading an nationwide. The inspection cours- effort to develop a training and certifica- es are offered through the FHWA’s tion program for geotechnical field con- National Highway Institute (NHI) struction inspection and site investiga- and the Regional Certification Groups tion activities. The program is targeted and continue to be in great demand. at those personnel involved in construc- The New England states have adopt- tion inspection, site investigation and ed the Driven Pile and Drilled Shaft field and laboratory testing. The ulti- Inspector Qualification Program, which mate goal of the program is the develop- is administered through the New England ment of a nationally accepted certifica- Transportation Technician Certification tion program that will serve to improve Program (NETTCP). Florida, Missouri, Peter Osborn quality, ensure uniformity and establish a Oregon, Kansas and several other states minimum standard of construction con- have adopted or are in the process of criteria; proper documentation; driving trol for geotechnical work. adopting the program. The development logs; the inspector’s role in dynamic and The National Geotechnical of the Subsurface Investigation Inspection static load testing; safety. The program Inspector Qualification Program and the Mechanically Stabilized Earth continues to be in high demand among developed as a response to the states’ Walls and Reinforced Soil Slopes Modules the state DOTs. The program would also Department of Transportation request. are currently under development and are be of benefit to construction personnel. ▼ The DOT asked for a qualification/cer- expected to be completed in early 2005. tification program that can be adopted The Driven Pile Inspector by the state DOTs and/or Regional Qualification Program was developed Certification Groups for the qualifica- under the guidance of a regionally diverse For additional information on this program, tion/certification of state and consul- technical working group (TWG) that visit the FHWA’s National Highway Institute tant inspectors. The effort was endorsed included state DOT representatives, as Web site at www.nhi.fhwa.dot.gov or contact by the AASHTO subcommittees on well as industry representatives from Peter Osborn at [email protected] construction, materials, and bridges the PDCA and DFI. The comprehen- or (410) 962-0792. Other related Web sites and structures. To move the effort for- sive reviews from the TWG enabled of interest include www.fhwa.dot.gov/bridge; ward, the FHWA formed a technical the development of a set of core train- www.fhwa.dot.gov/resourcecenter; www.nhi. working group (TWG) comprised of ing/qualification materials that can be fhwa.dot.gov/tccc. state DOT representatives from each of adopted nationwide. The Driven Pile the five Regional Certification Groups, Inspector Qualification Program is spe- For Course Scheduling contact: Industry and the FHWA to develop and cifically targeted at the pile inspector and National Highway Institute prioritize the areas in the geotechni- focuses on what the inspector “needs to NHI, Danielle Mathis-Lee, cal field where qualification/certifica- know” to properly inspect a driven-pile (703) 235-0528 tion is needed. The TWG developed foundation. The course is two days in a strategic plan that identified those length and includes a comprehensive Regional Certification Groups areas of qualification/certification with qualification exam. The course follows North East: NETTCP, the associated costs and time frames recommended FHWA and AASHTO Chris Bowker, (800) 338-5535 for the development of the initial pro- specifications and practices and covers Midwest: M-TRAC, grams. Inspector Certification Modules all areas of the driven pile construction Chris Anderson, (515) 239-1819 included in the plan: Driven Piles; process from fabrication and delivery to Mid Atlantic: MARTCP, Drilled Shaft Foundations; Subsurface installation and testing. Specific areas Woody Hood, (410) 321-4100 Investigation Inspection; Mechanically include: inspection of the pile materi- West: WAQTC, Stabilized Earth Walls and Reinforced als and accessories; inspection of the Garth Newman, (208) 334-8039 Soil Slopes; Embankments/Cut Slopes; hammer/driving system; installation plan; South East: SETFTTQ, Anchored/Soil-Nail Walls. driving criteria; acceptance/rejection Tom Malerk, (352) 337-3170

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Contact: Joe Rose, P.E. Contact: Max Williams Phone: 757-331-2300 Phone: 228-452-9486 Fax: 757-331-2501 Fax: 228-452-9495 e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] Website: www.gcprestress.com • Summer 2004 27

Bayshore_Conrete_sum04.indd 1 6/23/04 10:41:26 AM Operating Principles of Single-Acting Air/Steam Hammer

ingle-acting air/steam hammers are very common and have a relatively simple design. In this hammer, com- Spressed air or steam forces a steel ram upward until an exhaust valve opens and the ram falls due to its own weight. The motive fluid that lifts the ram can be either com- pressed air or steam. An external power source, such as an air compressor or boiler supplies the pressured motive fluid and a flexible hose carries the motive fluid from the source to a piston attached to the ram. Operation with air or steam is similar. However, a change in motive fluid may change the specifications of the lubricant, lubricator, and hose line. At the start of the stroke, a valve directs motive fluid from the inlet into a cylinder under the piston (see Figure 1a). The motive fluid, delivered at near constant pressure, forces the piston (and ram) upward. After the ram travels upward a certain distance, a cam attached to a machined slide bar strikes a butterfly valve causing it to rotate from inlet to exhaust positions. Since the ram has an

Proper operation of a single- acting air/steam hammer requires proper motive fluid pressures, volumes, and correct mechanical timing of the inlet and exhaust valves.

upward velocity at this point it “coasts” on upward under Hammer designs usually compensate for the effect of the action of gravity and then begins to fall. The ram may pre-admission by increasing the downward forces on the have received an initial velocity from the pile rebound so ram. A common single-acting air/steam hammer design its velocity can vary depending on the driving conditions. uses the effects of air pressure at the top of the stroke. Therefore, the stroke can also vary. In its downward fall, In this design, the piston travels above the exhaust port shortly before the ram strikes the hammer cushion another into an upper chamber. At full stroke a small volume of cam on the slide bar rotates the butterfly valve back to the air, trapped above the piston, acts as a pneumatic stop- inlet position admitting motive fluid under the piston. This per between the piston and the top of the cylinder. The valve timing produces a slight pre-admission of pressurized force of the trapped air accelerates the ram downward motive fluid under the downward traveling piston. Motive until the relief port re-opens. These extra downward forc- fluid acting upward on the piston before impact reduces the es at the start of the ram’s descent help compensate for kinetic energy of the falling ram. However, some pre-admis- the effects of pre-admission. sion is a necessary part of the cycle because the slide bar must Proper operation of a single-acting air/steam ham- be moving downward to activate the cam and inlet valve. mer requires proper motive fluid pressures, volumes, and

28 • Summer 2004 correct mechanical timing of the inlet and exhaust valves. Also verify that the length and diameter of the hose(s) are The cycle described above is common to many of these ham- adequate to provide the required pressure and flow volume mer designs. However, variations of timing and pressure cycle at the hammer inlet. Hammer manufacturers provide details do occur among some models of this type of hammer. guidelines for proper compressors and supply hoses. For details of individual hammers consult the manufacturer. The rated energy of a single-acting air/steam hammers is 3. Make a visual inspection of the hammer cushion if determined by taking the product of the ram weight and the the hammer has one and note the cushion mate- specified stroke. The ram weight is commonly defined as the rial type, condition, total thickness, and cross sec- total weight of all striking parts, including the ram body, pis- tion dimensions. A simple sketch with dimensions is ton rod, keys, slide bar, etc. Manufacturers provide informa- useful to record observations. Compare the collected tion on the appropriate ram weights, stroke lengths, and rated information with the manufacturer’s hammer cushion energies for their products. Commercially available single-act- specifications. In most cases, the total thickness of the ing air/steam hammers are available with ram weights from cushion and striker plate must match the manufactur- 3,000 lbs. (1300 kilograms) to over 300,000 lbs. (130,000 kilo- er’s specifications for proper hammer operation, and grams) and energy ratings of less than 10,000 ft-lbs (13 kilo- should be maintained. joules) to 1.8 million ft-lbs (2500 kilojoules). The larger single- acting air/steam hammers are used in offshore construction with 4. On the hammer assembly, (hammer framework) mea- long, large diameter piles. sure and mark a reference point for use in observing Single-acting air/steam hammers usually have a hammer the stroke length. Measure from a convenient point cushion between the ram and the drive cap. In most cases, on the ram while supporting the ram by the drive cap the mechanical timing of the inlet valves will be correct only and hammer cushion. When making more than one if the combined thickness of the hammer cushion and striker mark, consider color-coding. During driving, observe plate is correct. Moreover, a properly functioning hammer and record the stroke for comparison with the speci- cushion protects the hammer and the pile by slightly reduc- fied stroke. Proper hammer performance requires a ing the shock of the ram’s impact. Occasionally, the hammer proper stroke length. manufacturer’s design may not call for a hammer cushion. Consult the manufacturer or supplier if there is a question 5. Initial inspection of hammer operation often occurs about hammer cushion details. on piles that will become part of the project foun- Some single-acting air/steam hammers are adaptable to dation. Occasionally, separate test piles are used to operation submerged under water. Also, some of the ham- test the hammer and to establish driving procedures. mers can operate with more than one, or a continuously Attempt to inspect hammer operation in circum- variable, user selectable, stroke length. Several methods of stances that match routine driving at the final pile changing the stroke are in use; refer to the manufacturer for penetration. A single-acting air/steam hammer may detailed information. perform differently during hard driving (high blow counts) than during easy driving (low blow counts). Single-Acting Air/Steam Hammers Inspection Guide 1. Obtain the correct manufacturer’s specifications for the 6. Have the pile crew start the hammer. When starting a hammer model in use. cold hammer in cold ambient temperatures, the crew may want to short stroke the hammer for 5 to 10 minutes 2. Check the air or steam supply. Confirm that this to warm up the metal parts before subjecting them to full supply is adequate to meet the hammer specifications. ram stroke and stress.

NEW COLLINS AIR HAMMERS The Piling Cutter Tool 800# AND 150# eliminates shimming all cuts created equal Patent Pending Design Outdrives Heavier Hammers

• Good for round and square piles/posts With this pair, you can drive Pin piles to 12” pipe & wood piles, • All cuts perfectly level and accurate VSP, CSP, light to medium steel sheet piling, Visa & MC accepted • Attatches to any chainsaw COLLINS COMPANY • 6”, 8”, 12”, and custom sizes available Toll Free: 888-300-5320 Cell: 360-708-5320 Ferreras Equipment LLC www.vinylsheetpiling.com www.collinspilehammers.com www.pile-cutter.com PHONE (907) 852-7310

• Summer 2004 29

Ferreras_Equip_sum04 1 7/13/04Collins_Co_sum04 9:29:59 AM 1 6/28/04 8:09:25 AM 7. During continuous hammer operation near the end of 10. During driving the hammer hoist line should be slack, driving count the number of times the hammer strikes with the hammer’s weight carried by the pile. Excessive in one minute. Record this number as the hammer tension in the hammer hoist line is hazardous and will speed, or blow rate. Compare the observed hammer reduce the energy delivered to the pile. Leads should speed with the manufacturer’s specifications. A ham- always be used. mer speed that is less than the specified value may indicate a single-acting air/steam hammer defi- 11. During the driving of a pile, changes should not be ciency. Such deficiencies include short strokes and made in the pile cushion. If it is necessary to insert a improperly timed pre-admission. fresh cushion, it can be expected that the blow count will change, possibly substantially. The complete driv- 8. During easy driving (low blow counts), the hammer speed ing record should show where the new cushion was and stroke is often less than during hard driving. This added in order to show the effect of the new cushion behavior is normal. When recording the hammer speed on the driving resistance. and stroke, also include the approximate pile penetration. These data are most useful if the pile penetration and blow 12. Some manufacturers of single-acting air/steam ham- count are close to their final values. mers will void their equipment warranties if the penetration resistance consistently exceeds 10 blows 9. As the pile’s driving resistance (blow count) increas- per inch (10 blows per 25 millimeters). This limit is es, the ram stroke may increase slightly. At very high sometimes exceeded for short periods, such as when driving resistances the ram stroke may increase and piles are driven to end bearing on hard material. the upward traveling ram may strike the hammer Nevertheless, the limit should be given due consider- assembly (framework), causing it to bounce upward. ation in cases where hard driving occurs. This behavior is called racking, and is readily detect- ed by sight and sound. If racking occurs, the motive Hammer Trouble Shooting fluid flow may be reduced gradually or slightly until Provision and maintenance of a properly functioning racking stops. After proper adjustment to control hammer is normally the responsibility of the contractor. racking, the ram stroke and potential energy will However, the following information may be helpful when normally continue to equal the specified stroke the hammer malfunctions: and energy rating. 1. Inability to attain the specified hammer speed (blows per minute) can result from inadequate motive fluid flow or pressure, a restricted or undersized hose, inadequate lubrication, poor valve timing, and worn hammer parts. Refer to the manufacturer for speci- fications and recommendations. Note: The motive fluid pressure at the hammer is best checked with a pneumatic needle gage installed as close to the hammer inlet as is safely possible.

2. Erratic hammer operation, such as skipping blows, can result from an improper hammer cushion thick- ness, inadequate lubrication, rubber hose lining or other foreign material in a valve, a faulty valve/cam system, or loose hammer fasteners (keys, nuts, etc). In cold or humid weather, ice may build up in the hammer and near the exhaust and may cause irregu- lar operation. If the motive fluid is steam, a cold hose or hammer may produce large amounts of conden- sate. Until such condensate exhausts or bleeds off, the ram’s motion may be very irregular. ▼

The above information has been reprinted by permission from the Pile Inspector’s Guide to Hammers, Copyright 1995, pub- lished first by the Deep Foundation Institute (DFI). Equipment availability may vary due to market conditions.

30 • Summer 2004 NAYLOR PIPE PILING Your direct call to Naylor’s Chicago plant will give you personalized For more service including: data on ❒ 100% domestic steel Naylor Piling, ❒ Exact lengths call, fax or ❒ Attached or loose end plates e-mail for ❒ In-plant inspection our catalog ❒ Mill certification with the shipment ❒ Conical points, chill & splice rings as required ❒ Prompt availability of test and production pile

NAYLOR PIPE COMPANY 1245 East 92nd St. • Chicago, IL 60619 Phone: 773.721.9400 • Fax: 773.721.9494 Email: [email protected] Visit our Website: www.naylorpipe.com

PDCA MEMBER PROFILE

Founding PDCA Member and Build Inc. President Dick Stromness is Still Going Strong at 86 By a Marino

t 86 years young, Richard J. 10-million gallon concrete reservoir in Stromness is still putting his Vernal, Utah. Currently under con- Aheart and soul into making his struction, but slated for completion business bigger and better. As founder by November, the reservoir will hold and president of Build Inc., a fam- culinary water for the local population. ily-owned general contracting business, Another project the company is based in Bountiful, Utah, “Dick” reports excited about is the renovation of the to work seven days a week. While his Union Pacific Railroad in Lakeside, son, Fred, actively manages the com- Utah. The railroad is replacing a pany, Dick is still very much involved wooden train bridge with a new con- in everyday decisions. crete bridge that will be set atop a pile “Dick loves his work and finds foundation. Build Inc. is installing the great satisfaction in the daily opera- piles, casting the pile caps and setting tions,” says other son Richy. “He has the pre-cast concrete girders. a strong positive influence on the Other projects the company is projects he is involved with.” involved in include the Olmstead Flow Line, a multi-million dollar, soil-nail- Richard Stromness A long history ing project to protect a replacement Dick and another gentleman, Dick of a 96-inch flow line along a steep Van de Merwe, founded Build Inc. in mountainside of the Provo canyon; 1953 with a half-horsepower, electric and the renovation of the Great Salt Dick finds it extremely cement mixer that delivered a wheel- Lake Marina, which includes the reha- beneficial to be part barrow full of concrete. The company’s bilitation and replacement of many first job was a simple shelter that took boat slips (the slips are then anchored of an organization that two days to construct at a cost of $40. using wooden piles). allows his company to (Dick later bought out Van de Merwe’s promote its services, share of the company). The company Sheer determination gradually progressed from construct- The secret to Build Inc.’s longevity network and associate ing dwellings, apartment buildings can be summed up by Dick’s willpower with others who share and commercial buildings to heavy and ability to say there is nothing too and industrial construction. Today, difficult to be accomplished. Diversity the same challenges Build Inc. owns and operates a fleet of and responsiveness have enabled the and accomplishments. cranes, pile drivers and earth-moving company to weather the ups and downs equipment and serves as general con- of the past half century. tractor and subcontractor on a wide “Show Dick a seemingly impossible array of projects. job and he says, ‘This is how it can be One of Build Inc.’s more done’,” says Richy. “To him, construc- impressive projects is a $5 million, tion is an exciting and challenging art.”

• Summer 2004 33 When asked what drives him, is extremely beneficial to be part of an Dick simply responds, “an abject fear organization that allows his company to of poverty.” promote its services, network and asso- Through this fear (having grown ciate with others who share the same up during the Depression) and due to challenges and accomplishments. his vision, creativity, high quality work Because of its ability to cater to and integrity, Build Inc. has carved a customers needs, Build Inc. has won solid niche in the construction indus- customer satisfaction and industry rec- try in both Utah and the surrounding ognition awards from the American states. The company also began making Concrete Association and the American a positive impression on the industry as Public Works Association. a founding member of the Pile Driving Along with being professionally Contractors Association. Dick says he successful, Dick has fostered a won- became involved in PDCA to promote derful family life. He and his wife the driven pile as a comparable deep Mary have raised six children – two foundations system, but has found much sons and four daughters. In his spare more than that in the association. Dick time, Richy says Dick likes to “eat ice appreciates the education that comes cream, watch 60 Minutes and spend from the PDCA roundtables as well time at our family cabin. He also as the industry benefits derived from enjoys learning about travel destina- promoting the driven pile. He says it tions and frequents the symphony.” ▼ Dick and Mary Stromness.

Concrete Projects

Water Storage Reservoir Projects Driven Pile Foundations Rock Anchors/ Soil Nails/Shot-crete Sheet Piling/Shoring

Marine Projects

Build Inc. is a family owned and operated general contracting business founded in 1953 by Richard J. (Dick) Stromness. In its beginnings, Build used a 1/2 horsepower electric cement mixer that delivered a wheelbarrow full of concrete. The company’s fi rst job was a shelter that took two days to construct at a cost of $40. The company progressed through dwellings, apartment buildings and commercial buildings to heavy construction. Build specializes in Water storage reservoirs, bridges, driven piles, sheet pile shoring, soil nailing, and marine projects. Build owns a fl eet of cranes, pile drivers, and earth moving equipment and serves as a general and subcontractor on a wide variety of projects. *** For more information please call us at (801) 295-1300. ***

Build_Inc_sum04 1 7/16/04 1:21:29 PM 34 • Summer 2004 Liebherr Piling & Drilling Rigs

Liebherr LRB 155 Max. Operating weight: 74 US ton Leader Length: 60 ft./70 ft./80 ft. Max. Torque: 165,000 ft.lbs. Max. Push/Pull (crowd force): 66,000 lbs. Engine: Liebherr V8 Diesel engine, D 9408 TI-E, 544 HP at 1900 rpm. No additional power packs are required as attachments, can be powered with the machine’s engine.

Liebherr LRB 125 Max. Operating weight: 43 US ton Leader Length: 42 ft. Max. Torque: 87,000 ft.lbs. Max. Push/Pull (crowd force): 44,100 lbs. Engine: Liebherr V8 Diesel engine, D 9408 TI-E, 544 HP at 1900 rpm. No additional power packs are required as attachments, can be powered with the machine’s engine.

Liebherr LRB 255 Max. Operating weight: 88 US ton Leader Length: 80 ft./90 ft./100 ft. Max. Torque: 217,000 ft.lbs. Max. Push/Pull (crowd force): 99,200 lbs. Engine: Liebherr V8 Diesel engine, D 9408 TI-E, 544 HP at 1900 rpm. No additional power packs are required as attachments, can be powered with the machine’s engine. Optional Mercedes Benz engine.

Liebherr LRB 400 Max. Operating weight: 154 US ton Leader Length: 100 ft./120 ft./140 ft. Max. Torque: 289,300 ft.lbs. Max. Push/Pull (crowd force): 132,000 lbs. Engine: Liebherr V8 Diesel engine, D 9408 TI-E, 544 HP at 1900 rpm. No additional power packs are required as attachments, can be powered with the machine’s engine. Optional Mercedes Benz engine.

Contact Liebherr for your crane requirements Liebherr Nenzing Crane Co. 1400 N. Sam Houston Pkway. E. # 160, Houston, TX 77032 TEL. (281) 219 7129 FAX. (281) 219 7134 Email: [email protected] www.liebherr.com Cost Effective Timber Pile

APPLICATORS OF Foundation Solutions PROTECTIVE COATINGS Pittsburgh Coatings Corporation has provided quality services The low cost piling solution for for the pile driving industry since 1960. Foundation and Marine piling. • PILE COATING Design capacities to 75 tons. • FABRICATION Technical seminars available.

Design information available. • METALLIZING

From a natural, renewable FACILITY FEATURES: resource. • On the Ohio River with 125 ton lifting capacity for barges • Norfolk Southern rail siding For more information contact: • 100,000 sq. ft. enclosed building • 100 ton crane capacity • 55 ft. under hook TIMBERPILINGCOUNCIL • Wheelabrator - 5 ft. wide x 12 ft. FOUNDATION & MARINE PILING tall work opening • Coal tar epoxies, zinc primers, canal liners, three-coat systems, metallizing, etc. 800-410-2070 pst • Field service available in the continental U.S. Fax: 206-275-4755 103 Port Ambridge Drive • Ambridge, PA 15003 www.awpi.org (412) 366-5159 • Fax (412) 366-6019 [email protected] www.pittcoat.com

GEOSCIENCES TESTING AND RESEARCH, INC.

x Wave Equation Analysis (WEAP) and Drivability Studies x Dynamic Pile Testing using PDA and CAPWAP x Integrity Testing using PET and CHUM CSL x Static Load Testing and Instrumentation x Earth Support System Design and Analysis x Construction Engineering Services x Reseller of the Piletest.com’s Pile Integrity Testing Systems (CHUM CSL and PET Sonic Echo) x Value Engineering Redesigns

55 Middlesex Street, Suite 225, N. Chelmsford, MA 01863 Tel: (978) 251-9395 x Fax: (978) 251-9396 Web: www.gtrinc.net x E-Mail: [email protected]

36 • Summer 2004 Calendar of Events REQUEST FOR PHOTOS

September 16-17, 2004 Attention PDCA members Piledriver magazine is on the lookout for 5th Annual DICEP Conference any interesting photos you may have. Sheraton Gateway Hotel We’re looking for fairly generic pile-driving Los Angeles, California images that we can print in upcoming issues. If they are digital, they need to February 17-19, 2005 be saved in either a TIF, JPG or EPS 9th Annual Winter format at 300 dpi and should be at least Roundtable Conference 4 x 5 inches in dimension. If they are actual Francis Marion Hotel hard copy photos, please mail them to: Charleston, South Carolina Editor June 19-24, 2005 Lisa Kopochinski 3231 Strevel Way, Sacramento, CA 95825. 3rd Professors Piling Institute Email: [email protected] Utah State University (800) 481-0265 Logan, Utah We will be sure to return them to you.

BMP Pressure Treated Wood Products. The Right Choice for the Environment... The Smart Choice for Your Next Aquatic Project.

WWPI’s Best Management Practices (BMPs) are designed to protect your treated wood investment from harsh marine conditions while minimizing risk to sensitive environments. BMP treated wood products are mandated by many Federal and State agencies. BMPs provide technical guidance on wood preparation and treating procedures, post treatment processes, inspection and installation. BMP treated wood products are designed to minimize the amount of preservative and provide a clean and dry product while assuring the long service life that comes with conformance to AWPA Standards. BMP TRADITIONAL Always specify only BMP products and require independent TREATED PILING TREATED PILING third party inspection certification by certificate or the presence of the BMP Quality Assurance Mark. WESTERN WOOD For your next aquatic project, protect your investment PRESERVERS INSTITUTE and the environment, require the material ® 7017 N.E. Highway 99, Suite 108 be treated and identified according to Vancouver, WA 98665 BMP Standards. Phone: 1-800-729-WOOD Visit our website for a complete guide Web: www.WWPInstitute.org on using treated wood in aquatic and E-mail: [email protected] wetland environments and the BMPs. BMP Quality

• Summer 2004 37 PDCA MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION

Step 1: Select Membership Type I wish to apply for the following membership status (check one):

❑ Contractor ($650/year) A Contractor Member is defined as a specialty subcontractor or general contractor who commonly installs driven piles for foundations and earth retention systems. Includes one primary membership. Secondary memberships are $75 each.

❑ Associate ($650/year) Associate Members of the Association shall consist of firms or corporations engaged in the manufacture and/or supply of equipment, materials, testing or other services to the pile driving industry. Secondary memberships are $75 each.

❑ Technical Affiliate ($95/year) Technical Affiliate Members of the Association shall consist of individuals who are involved with the design and install- ation of driven piles or in teaching the art and science of pile design and installation. They may be employed engineers, architects, government agencies, or universities. Employees of contractors are not eligible to become Technical Affiliate Members. Note: Technical Affiliate Membership category is for individuals only. For a company listing in the directory and on the Web site, you must join as an Associate Member.

❑ Retired Industry Member ($50/year) A Retired Member shall be defined as any individual who has reached retirement age as defined by U.S. law, who has left active employment and who wishes to remain a member. I am retiring as a: ❑ Contractor ❑ Associate ❑ Technical Affiliate

Step 2: Demographic Information

Company Name ______Phone ______Your Name ______Fax ______Address ______Email ______Home Page ______City/State/Zip ______

Step 3. Company Description (complete only the category for which you are applying) A. Contractor Only Company Description (check all that apply): ❑ Bridge Building ❑ Docks &Wharves ❑ Marine ❑ Bulkheads ❑ Earth Retention ❑ Pile Driving ❑ Deep Dynamic Compaction ❑ General ❑ Other ______❑ Deep Excavation ❑ Highway & Heavy Civil

B. Associate Company Only Company Description (check all that apply): Accessories ❑ Cutter Heads & Drill Bits ❑ Lubricants & Greases ❑ Safety Equipment ❑ Dock & Marine Supplies ❑ Pile Cushions ❑ Other ______❑ Hammer Cushions ❑ Pile Points & Splicers ❑ Hoses & Fittings ❑ Rigging Supplies

38 • Summer 2004 Applications Systems ❑ Aluminum Sheet Piles ❑ Steel Pipe Piles ❑ Timber Piles/Treated Lumber & Timbers ❑ Coatings & Chemicals ❑ Steel Sheet Piles ❑ Concrete Piles ❑ Structural Steel ❑ Vinyl Sheet Piles ❑ Composite Piles ❑ Synthetic Material Piles ❑ Other Structural Materials ❑ H-Piles ❑ Other______

Equipment ❑ Air Compressors ❑ Hammers ❑ Specialized Rigs & Equipment ❑ Cranes ❑ Hydraulic Power Packs ❑ Other ❑ Drill Equipment ❑ Leads & Spotters ❑ Drive Caps & Inserts ❑ Pumps

Services ❑ Consulting ❑ Marine Drayage ❑ Vibration Monitoring ______❑ Design ❑ Surveying ❑ Other ❑ Freight Brokerage ❑ Testing ❑ Geotechnical ❑ Trucking

General ❑ Rental ❑ Sales ❑ Other ❑ Other

C. Technical Affiliate Only (check all that apply) ❑ Analysis ❑ Civil & Design ❑ Consulting ❑ Educational/Association ❑ Geotechnical ❑ Materials Testing ❑ Pile Driving Monitoring ❑ Surveying ❑ Vibration Monitoring ❑ Other

Step 4. Geographic Areas Where Contracting, Products and Services Available (All applicants check all that apply) ❑ All States ❑ CT ❑ ID ❑ MD ❑ NC ❑ OH ❑ TN ❑ WV ❑ AK ❑ DC ❑ IL ❑ ME ❑ ND ❑ OK ❑ TX ❑ WY ❑ AL ❑ DE ❑ IN ❑ MI ❑ NH ❑ OR ❑ UT ❑ Canada ❑ AR ❑ FL ❑ KS ❑ MN ❑ NJ ❑ PA ❑ VA ❑ Mexico ❑ AZ ❑ GA ❑ KY ❑ MO ❑ NM ❑ RI ❑ VT ❑ Europe ❑ CA ❑ H ❑ LA ❑ MS ❑ NV ❑ SC ❑ WA ❑ Global ❑ CO ❑ IA ❑ MA ❑ MT ❑ NY ❑ SD ❑ WI

Step 5. Sponsorship: Who told you about PDCA? Member Name ______

Step 6. Method of Payment Attached is my payment of $______for annual dues. ❑ I understand that dues are due annually on December 31 and, that if I joined PDCA after March 31, I may be entitled to a prorated dues amount for the subsequent year only.

I am making payment in full by

❑ Check # ______

❑ Credit Card: ❑ MasterCard ❑ Visa ❑ American Express

Card Number: ______Expiration Date: ______

Name as it appears on card: ______Signature: ______

Please send this completed application to: PDCA P.O. Box 19527, Boulder, CO 80308-2527 | Phone: 303-517-0421 | Fax: 303-443-3871 | www.piledrivers.org

• Summer 2004 39 The Pile Driving Contractors Association “A Driven Pile is a Tested Pile”

MEMBERSHIP BENEFITS General Membership Information

We are the premier association leading design manufacturers and technical application experts for pile-driving contractors to assist you in advancing the driven pile as a superior product. The PDCA was founded in 1996 to promote use of The PDCA works closely with the technical community driven-pile solutions in all cases where they are effective. We to format design codes and installation practices. We offer strive to build and maintain working relationships among seminars throughout the country for engineers and educa- end users, manufacturers, government agencies, educational tors on the capabilities and advantages of the driven pile. institutions, engineers and others involved in the design, We also work with agencies, such as the Federal Highway installation and quality control of the driven pile. Administration and state DOTs, which develop specifica- tions for highway building and other infrastructure project We are dedicated to advancing the driven pile that use driven piles. As the only organization solely dedicated to pile-driving contractors, we know that you understand the superiority of We offer timely, valuable services the driven pile in most applications. We are the only associa- The PDCA improves your company’s bottom line, as well tion addressing the intrusion of non-driven solutions that take as your stature in the construction industry, through a variety away business from the driven-pile contractor. The PDCA of programs and services: understands that to survive in today’s competitive market- place, a pile-driving contractor must strive to stay abreast of Job Referrals the latest trends and technologies in the industry. That is why We are the only organization that provides contractor we maintain close ties with the world’s leading suppliers to referrals to end users of driven piles. You tell us where you will the industry. It’s why we provide a broad range of educational drive piles and we will refer you to end-users. We also provide programs for university professors, practicing engineers and referrals to our supplier and technical members. contractors. And, it’s why more and more contractors, engi- neers and suppliers are realizing that the PDCA significantly Peer-to-Peer Opportunities increases their value in the marketplace. With more than 100 contractor members, networking opportunities abound at the PDCA. Whether at our Winter We are a direct link to decision makers Roundtable, our regional seminars or by just picking up the Major manufacturers take an active role supporting the phone, you’ll develop long-lasting professional relationships PDCA. At our conferences, we bring together the world’s and friendships in the industry.

40 • Summer 2004 Annual Membership Directory our industry. As a member, you’ll receive dis- As a member, you’ll receive PDCA’s annual counts on advertising in the magazine. membership directory of our contractor, supplier All PDCA members receive a com- and technical members. Your company is listed plimentary copy of the PDCA’s codebook, along with the piling solutions you employ and “Recommended Design Specifications for Driven states in which you work. This directory is pro- Bearing Piles,” now in its third edition. This vided throughout the year to construction users book covers all required guidelines for driv- on a complimentary basis. en piles and includes a suggested bid and payment schedule. Educational Conferences and Meetings The PDCA also sells “The Pile Design The PDCA offers cutting-edge education Manual,” an FHWA manual on the design and for contractors, engineers, geotechs and any- construction of driven piles. Order forms are one else interested in the driven pile and its available on the PDCA Web site. applications at two major conferences annu- ally. Members receive discounts on exhibit and Connect Worldwide at www.piledrivers.org registration fees. The PDCA’s newly redesigned Web site • The Winter Roundtable, held each at www.piledrivers.org lets you research the February since 1997, is a nationally rec- latest trends in the industry and find direct ognized conference that brings together links to manufacturers, suppliers, engineers leading technical experts, suppliers to the and others. PDCA members receive a free list- piling industry and contractors. This con- ing in our member search area, which is being ference focuses on the key issues faced by used by an increasing number of end users to pile-driving contractors and features dis- find pile driving contractors and services. Our cussions and presentations as well forums area makes it easy for you to connect as an extensive exhibit area. with others to discuss issues and problems.

• The Design and Installation of Cost- Leadership Opportunities Efficient Driven Piles Conference Membership in the PDCA provides (DICEP), held each September since opportunities for recognition and leadership. 2000, is a nationally recognized two-day Positions are available on the PDCA board of conference that brings together geotech- directors and various committees that impact nical and design engineers, college profes- the industry. The PDCA recognizes notewor- sors and contractors to discuss the latest “Through its programs thy contributions to the industry with our trends in understanding, analyzing and “Driven Pile Project of the Year” award, giving controlling piling costs. and services, PDCA opportunities for high profile recognition. has presented our com- Industry Development pany with numerous Membership is available to you The PDCA continually strives to opportunities to con- There is strength in numbers and we, at the expand market share for the driven pile. The PDCA, need to count your company when tell- PDCA sponsors the College Professors Piling tinue our business suc- ing government agencies, engineers and suppliers Institute, held at Utah State University in cess. It is certainly a that we are interesting in keeping your business Logan, Utah. Up to 25 professors, from major cornerstone for growth viable and in growing market share for the driven engineering schools, are invited to partici- in a very competitive pile. We need your ideas and efforts in working pate in an intensive, week-long program together toward a common goal: the use of driv- that presents them with the latest concepts business.” en-pile solutions. You can contribute your exper- in driven-pile design, installation and qual- D.R. JORDAN, PRESIDENT AND tise and assist the Association in developing: ity control. Some of the leading faculty in CEO, JORDAN PILE DRIVING, INC. • A greater focus on safety the deep foundation field has attended the • The quality of driven pile products institute to date. The program supplies the • The formatting of codes and specifica- educators with the tools and knowledge to tions for the driven pile be able to teach their students about the • Support for a program to help educate advantages of the driven pile. It promises students in the use of driven piles to have a long-term impact on market share for the driven pile. Join today. Be part of a growing and vibrant organization the will play a key role in the Publications and Reference Materials future of deep foundations. Support your indus- As a PDCA member, you will receive our try by completing the membership application quarterly publication, “Piledriver,” which pres- in this issue. You will immediately begin to ents articles on issues and trends of interest to enjoy benefits of membership. ▼

• Summer 2004 41 PDCA New Member List

We would like to welcome the following companies as new members. Please visit the PDCA Web site at www.piledrivers.org and click on “Member Search” for complete contact information on all PDCA members.

NEW CONTRACTOR Hal Jones Contractor, Inc. Nationwide Utility Poles and MEMBERS Jacksonville, Florida Supply, Inc. Contact: Paul C. Kirkland Brierfield, Alabama All American Underpinning Services Provided: Bridge Building, Contact: Phil S. Myers and Shoring Bulkheads, Docks and Wharves, Pile Services Provided: Timber Piling. Roselle, Illinois Driving, Marine. Contact: Michelle Lusader T+R Pipeline Services Services Provided: Bridge Building, Williams Brothers Construction Co. Houston, Texas Bulkheads, Docks and Wharves, Earth Houston, Texas Contact: Warren Cross Retention, Highway and Heavy Civil, Contact: James Pitcock Services Provided: Steel Pipe Piles, Pile Driving. Services Provided: Bridge Building. Steel Sheet Piles, Pipe.

Cianbro NEW ASSOCIATE MEMBERS United Wood Preservers Pittsfield, Maine Geotechnics Whitmire, South Carolina Contact: Tom Ruksznis East Pittsburg, Pennsylvania Contact: Wayne R. Comtois Services Provided: Bridge Building, Contact: Larry Wetzel Services Provided: Timber Piles, Bulkheads, Docks and Wharves, Earth Services Provided: Deep Foundation Treated Lumber and Timbers, Wood Retention, General Contracting, Testing. Treating. Marine, Pile Driving. Hartman Engineering NEW TECHNICAL MEMBERS East Bay Construction Clarence, New York Chuck Blakeman Virginia Beach, Virginia Contact: Richard Hartman BECC Co, Inc. Contact: Joseph Burket Services Provided: Consulting, Yarmouth, Maine Services Provided: Bulkheads, Docks Cofferdam Design. Services Provided: Construction and Wharves, Marine, Pile Driving. Vibrations Specialist. International Construction ETI Services, Inc. Edward Hajduk Lebanon, Maine Pittsburg, Pennsylvania WPC Contact: George Eliason Contact: Brian Land Charleston, South Carolina Services Provided: Bridge Building, Services Provided: Coatings and Services Provided: Analysis, Earth Retention, Highway and Heavy Chemicals, Steel Pipe Piles, Steel Geotechnical, Materials Testing, Civil, Pile Driving. Sheet Piles, H-Piles. Vibration Monitoring, Consulting, Pile Driving Monitoring.

Protect the Fishery

Sound Attenuation System (SASTM)

Particulate (Silt) Control System (PCS™) • Design and Consulting Services In Partnership with Seventy Percent of the Earth

GUNDERBOOM, INC. Ph: 407.548.2200 210 Hickman Dr. www.gunderboom.com 888.345.2666 (BOOM) Sanford, Florida 32771 Fax: 407.548.2230

42 • Summer 2004 Lally Pipe & Tube Division of LB Industries, Inc. 534 Lowellville Road • P.O. Box 69 Struthers, Ohio 44471 Phone: 330-750-1002 • Fax: 330-750-1535 TOLL FREE 1-800-291-7782

DISTRIBUTORS OF SIZES: 1.9" - 48" STEEL PIPE FOR WALLS: .149" - 2.000" • CASING RANDOM LENGTHS OR • FIBEROPTICS CUT-TO-LENGTH • PILING DELIVERED TO YOUR JOB SITE • GENERAL CONSTRUCTION MEMBER OF PUCA/NUCA www.lallypipe.com

George G. Goble Consulting Engineers, LLC George G. Goble 5398 Manhattan Circle, Ste 100 • Vibration Monitoring Boulder, Co 80303 • Construction Instrumentation Specialists [email protected] Telephone (303)-494-0702 • Pre-Construction & Claim Investigation Photos

Driven Pile Design Value Engineering using driven piles Email: [email protected] Pile driving problems 1300 22nd Street, Suite A, San Francisco CA 94107 Phone 415-641-2570 Fax. 415-282-4097

• Summer 2004 43 Advertiser Index

All American Underpinning & Shoring, Inc...... 43 Kelly Tractor ...... 19 American Piledriving Equipment, Inc...... OBC L.B. Foster Company ...... IBC Associated Pile & Fitting, LLC ...... 43 Lally Pipe & Tube ...... 43 Bayshore Concrete Products Corp. LBT Enterprises Ltd...... 26 /Gulf Coast Pre-Stress, Inc...... 27 Liebherr Nenzing Crane Co...... 35 Bermingham Foundation Solutions ...... 5 Mississippi River Equipment Co. Inc...... 15 Build Inc...... 34 Municon Consultants ...... 43 Carolina Pole Inc...... 16 National Ventures Inc...... 16 Cecco Trading, Inc...... 9 Naylor Pipe Company ...... 31 Collins Company ...... 29 Nucor-Yamato Steel Company ...... 17 Ferreras Equipment LLC ...... 29 Pacific American Commercial Co...... 7 Foundation Constructors, Inc...... 24 PDA Engineering Inc...... 44 George G. Goble Consulting Engineers, LLC ...... 43 Pile Dynamics ...... 26 Geosciences Testing and Research, Inc...... 36 Pileco, Inc...... 3 GRL Engineers, Inc...... 36 Piling Products, Inc...... 24 Gunderboom, Inc...... 42 Piling, Inc...... 26 GZA GeoEnvironmental, Inc...... 44 Pittsburgh Coatings ...... 36 H & M Vibro, Inc...... 24 Seaboard Steel Corp...... 8 Hartman Engineering ...... 12 Specialty Piling Systems, Inc...... 30 InSituTech, Ltd...... 6 Steel Dynamics, Sales N.A., Inc...... IFC IPSCO Steel (Alabama) Inc...... 11 T&R Pipeline Services Inc...... 8 Junttan ...... 32 Timber Piling Council ...... 36 Juri Jalajas, P.E. Consulting Construction Engineer . . 15 Western Wood Preservers Institute ...... 37

PILE DRIVING CONSULTANTS

Dynamic Pile Testing, PDA Static Pile Testing Pile Instrumentation Pile Driving Consulting Cross-Hole Sonic Logging

PO Box 58621 Phone: Salt Lake City, 801-566-9581 Utah 84158 801-330-0527

44 • Summer 2004 800.848.6249 www.fosterpiling.com

COMBI-WALL SYSTEMS HZ or PIPE Z AVAILABLE

Deep Draft Application High Strength Appropriate for Difficult Soil Conditions Flexible Design Solution Interchangeable with Other Designs

A Division of L.B. Foster Company