DOCSLIB.ORG

The Development of Political Public Relations in Indonesia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Development of Political Public Relations in Indonesia POLITICAL PUBLIC RELATIONS IN INDONESIA UNDER THE YUDHOYONO PRESIDENCY: PAST DEVELOPMENTS AND NEW FORMATIONS Rendro Dhani This thesis is presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Arts–Murdoch University December 2018 ii Declaration I declare that this thesis is my own account of my research and contains as its main content work that has not previously been submitted for a degree at any tertiary education institution. Rendro Dhani Perth, December 2018 iii Abstract This thesis is about political public relations in Indonesia. It draws on the tremendous changes after the fall of the Soeharto regime in May 1998. The transformation of the political system from authoritarianism to democratic government quickly led to the freedom of the press and freedom of expression in the country. Consequently, new governments in the post-Soeharto era sought to develop new strategies and models of communication in the new political atmosphere. This thesis is concerned with analysing the rapid growth and the exercise of political public relations under Indonesia’s sixth president Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (2004–2014). It focuses on how Yudhoyono harnessed political public relations during his presidency to maximise political and popular support. A multiple approach to public relations, i.e. system, rhetorical, and critical were used in this thesis to examine the concept, development, practices, and effects of political public relations. A single case study is employed in this thesis to analyse how Yudhoyono improved the quality of political public relations and thus could safely ‘democratise’ propaganda in Indonesia. The thesis argues that the term ‘political public relations’ in the context of Yudhoyono’s presidency can be considered as ‘soft propaganda’ because the president and government apparatus basically used old and new methods of propaganda in their political communication through sophisticated and subtle ways. Yudhoyono harnessed political public relations with communication strategies and techniques that were largely propagandistic. He relied on military officers and trusted them more than professional public relations consultants in helping to manage his communication tactics and plans. Compared to his immediate predecessors, Yudhoyono applied more professional communication strategies and was particularly adept at managing his presidential persona to his advantage, and that was one of the pivotal factors leading to perpetuate his political hegemony. This thesis also found that the process of decision making become sluggish as his presidency progressed as Yudhoyono began to rely excessively on political public relations to quell public rejection of policies. iv Table of Contents Declaration ............................................................................................................................. ii Abstract .................................................................................................................................. iii Table of Contents ................................................................................................................. iv List of Tables and Figures ................................................................................................. vii Explanatory Notes ............................................................................................................. viii Abbreviations and Glossary .............................................................................................. ix Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................ xii Preface .................................................................................................................................. xiii Chapter 1 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 1 Research Background ........................................................................................................... 3 Political situation in post-Soeharto Indonesia. ........................................................................ 5 Focus of the Study ................................................................................................................ 8 Research Questions and Purpose of the Study ................................................................. 11 Thesis Structure .................................................................................................................. 14 Chapter 2 Literature Review and Theoretical Framework ........................................... 18 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 18 Key Concepts and Terminology .............................................................................................. 19 Historical Background of Public Relations and Propaganda ........................................... 23 Paradigms and Approaches in Public Relations ............................................................... 30 The dominant paradigm. .......................................................................................................... 31 Critiques of dominant paradigm. ...................................................................................................... 33 Rhetorical approach to public relations. ................................................................................ 35 Critical approaches to public relations. .................................................................................. 38 A critical view of propaganda and public relations. ...................................................................... 38 A critical view of the role and effects of public relations. .............................................................. 41 Conceptualising Political Public Relations ....................................................................... 44 Summary and Application ................................................................................................. 50 Chapter 3 Methodology ...................................................................................................... 55 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 55 Rationale, Research Questions, and Purpose .................................................................... 56 Research Design.................................................................................................................. 60 Qualitative approach. ............................................................................................................... 60 Interpretive paradigm............................................................................................................... 61 Case study. ................................................................................................................................. 63 Data Collection ................................................................................................................... 66 Interviews. .................................................................................................................................. 66 Elite interviews. ................................................................................................................................... 67 Interview participants. ........................................................................................................................ 68 Selection procedure and demography.............................................................................................. 72 Interview procedures. ......................................................................................................................... 76 Data Management and Analysis ........................................................................................ 78 v Organising data ......................................................................................................................... 78 Text analysis. .............................................................................................................................. 78 Data condensation and presentation. ..................................................................................... 79 Trustworthiness. ........................................................................................................................ 82 Ethical Considerations........................................................................................................ 84 Confidentiality. .......................................................................................................................... 84 Reflexivity ................................................................................................................................... 85 Strenghts and limitations ................................................................................................... 87 Chapter 4 A Historical Review of Political Public Relations in Indonesia .............. 90 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 90 Propaganda and Public Relations History in Indonesia .................................................. 91 The Sukarno Era (1945–1967) .............................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Indonesia Beyond Reformasi: Necessity and the “De-Centering” of Democracy
    INDONESIA BEYOND REFORMASI: NECESSITY AND THE “DE-CENTERING” OF DEMOCRACY Leonard C. Sebastian, Jonathan Chen and Adhi Priamarizki* TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION: TRANSITIONAL POLITICS IN INDONESIA ......................................... 2 R II. NECESSITY MAKES STRANGE BEDFELLOWS: THE GLOBAL AND DOMESTIC CONTEXT FOR DEMOCRACY IN INDONESIA .................... 7 R III. NECESSITY-BASED REFORMS ................... 12 R A. What Necessity Inevitably Entailed: Changes to Defining Features of the New Order ............. 12 R 1. Military Reform: From Dual Function (Dwifungsi) to NKRI ......................... 13 R 2. Taming Golkar: From Hegemony to Political Party .......................................... 21 R 3. Decentralizing the Executive and Devolution to the Regions................................. 26 R 4. Necessary Changes and Beyond: A Reflection .31 R IV. NON NECESSITY-BASED REFORMS ............. 32 R A. After Necessity: A Political Tug of War........... 32 R 1. The Evolution of Legislative Elections ........ 33 R 2. The Introduction of Direct Presidential Elections ...................................... 44 R a. The 2004 Direct Presidential Elections . 47 R b. The 2009 Direct Presidential Elections . 48 R 3. The Emergence of Direct Local Elections ..... 50 R V. 2014: A WATERSHED ............................... 55 R * Leonard C. Sebastian is Associate Professor and Coordinator, Indonesia Pro- gramme at the Institute of Defence and Strategic Studies, S. Rajaratnam School of In- ternational Studies, Nanyang Technological University,
    [Show full text]
  • 23 Populasi MIGRATION, ETHNICITY and LOCAL
    Populasi Volume 24 Nomor 2 2016 Halaman 23-36 MIGRATION, ETHNICITY AND LOCAL POLITICS: THE CASE OF JAKARTA, INDONESIA Aulia Hadi and Riwanto Tirtosudarmo Research Center for Society and Culture, Indonesian Institute of Sciences Correspondence: Aulia Hadi (email: [email protected]) Abstract As the capital city of a country with the world’s fourth largest population, Jakarta, like many other big cities in the developing economies, for example, Mexico City or New Delhi, hosts migrants from all regions of the country. Without a doubt, Jakarta has increasingly become the major core of the agglomeration processes transforming it and its satellite cities into a Mega Urban Region (MUR). This paper traces historically the interactions between migration, ethnicities and local politics in Jakarta from the 1960s to the 2000s focusing on the latest development, in which the phenomenon ‘Ahok’, the nickname of Basuki Tjahaja Purnama, a Chinese-Christian from the small district of Belitung, has become an increasingly popular Governor of Jakarta. The paper argues that through the recent developments in Jakarta the politics have apparently been transformed into more civic, rather than ethnic politics. The nature of Jakarta as a proliferating migrant city transcends narrow cultural identities as well as conventional party politics into a more active citizenry through the widespread use of social media. Keywords: migration, ethnicity, local politics, new media Introduction had already started in the 17th century. Because of the low number of inhabitants, the Government of the Dutch East Indies The interconnection between migration, encouraged people to move to Batavia1 to ethnicity and politics has been thoroughly meet its labour needs.
    [Show full text]
  • The Framing of Ahok's Leadership Style in the Jakarta Post
    The Framing of Ahok’s Leadership Style in The Jakarta Post and The Jakarta Globe Articles Aulia Anggari 2225115510 A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fullfilment of the Requirement for the Degree of “Sarjana Sastra” English Department Faculty of Language and Art State University of Jakarta 2016 LEMBAR PERNYATAAN Yang bertandatangan dibawah ini, Nama : Aulia Anggari No Registrasi : 2225115510 Program Studi : Sastra Inggris Jurusan : Bahasa dan Sastra Inggris Fakultas : Bahasa dan Seni Judul Skripsi : THE FRAMING OF AHOK’S LEADERSHIP STYLE IN THE JAKARTA POST AND THE JAKARTA GLOBE ARTICLES Menyatakan bahwa benar skripsi ini adalah hasil karya saya sendiri. Apabila saya mengutip dari karya orang lain, maka saya mencantumkan sumbernya sesuai ketentuan yang berlaku. Saya bersedia menerima sanksi dari Fakultas Bahasa dan Seni Universitas Negeri Jakarta, apabila terbukti bahwa saya melakukan tindakan plagiat. Demikian saya buat pernyataan ini dengan sebenarnya. Jakarta, 29 Januari 2016 Aulia Anggari 2225115510 LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH UNTUK KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS Sebagai civitas akademik Universitas Negeri Jakarta saya yang bertandatangan dibawah ini: Nama : Aulia Anggari No Registrasi : 2225115510 Fakultas : Bahasa dan Seni Judul Karya : Skripsi Judul : THE FRAMING OF AHOK’S LEADERSHIP STYLE IN THE JAKARTA POST AND THE JAKARTA GLOBE ARTICLES Demi pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan, saya menyetujui untuk memberikan kepada Universitas Negeri Jakarta Bebas Royalti Non-Eksklusif (Non-exclusive free Right) atas karya ilmiah saya. Dengan Hak Bebas Royalti ini, Universitas Negeri Jakarta berhak untuk menyimpan, mengalih data/ formatkan, mengelolanya dalam bentuk pangkalan data (database), mendistribusikannya di internet atau media lainnya untuk kepentingan akademis tanpa perlu meminta izin dari saya selama tetap mencantumkan nama saya sebagai penulis/pencipta dan sebagai pemilik Hak Cipta.
    [Show full text]
  • The Indonesian Presidential Election: Now a Real Horse Race?
    Asia Pacific Bulletin EastWestCenter.org/APB Number 266 | June 5, 2014 The Indonesian Presidential Election: Now a Real Horse Race? BY ALPHONSE F. LA PORTA The startling about-face of Indonesia’s second largest political party, Golkar, which is also the legacy political movement of deposed President Suharto, to bolt from a coalition with the front-runner Joko Widodo, or “Jokowi,” to team up with the controversial retired general Prabowo Subianto, raises the possibility that the forthcoming July 9 presidential election will be more than a public crowning of the populist Jokowi. Alphonse F. La Porta, former Golkar, Indonesia’s second largest vote-getter in the April 9 parliamentary election, made President of the US-Indonesia its decision on May 19 based on the calculus by party leaders that Golkar’s role in Society, explains that “With government would better be served by joining with a strong figure like Prabowo rather more forthcoming support from than Widodo, who is a neophyte to leadership on the national level. Thus a large coalition of parties fronted by the authoritarian-minded Prabowo will now be pitted against the the top level of the PDI-P, it is smaller coalition of the nationalist Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P), which had just possible that Jokowi could selected former vice president Jusuf Kalla, nominally of Golkar, as Jokowi’s running mate. achieve the 44 percent plurality If this turn of events sounds complicated, it is—even for Indonesian politics. But first a look some forecast in the presidential at some of the basics: election, but against Prabowo’s rising 28 percent, the election is Indonesia’s fourth general election since Suharto’s downfall in 1998 has marked another increasingly becoming a real— milestone in Indonesia’s democratization journey.
    [Show full text]
  • The Politics of Military Reform in Post-Suharto Indonesia: Elite Conflict, Nationalism, and Institutional Resistance
    Policy Studies 23 The Politics of Military Reform in Post-Suharto Indonesia: Elite Conflict, Nationalism, and Institutional Resistance Marcus Mietzner East-West Center Washington East-West Center The East-West Center is an internationally recognized education and research organization established by the U.S. Congress in 1960 to strengthen understanding and relations between the United States and the countries of the Asia Pacific. Through its programs of cooperative study, training, seminars, and research, the Center works to promote a stable, peaceful, and prosperous Asia Pacific community in which the United States is a leading and valued partner. Funding for the Center comes from the U.S. government, private foundations, individuals, cor- porations, and a number of Asia Pacific governments. East-West Center Washington Established on September 1, 2001, the primary function of the East- West Center Washington is to further the East-West Center mission and the institutional objective of building a peaceful and prosperous Asia Pacific community through substantive programming activities focused on the theme of conflict reduction, political change in the direction of open, accountable, and participatory politics, and American understanding of and engagement in Asia Pacific affairs. The Politics of Military Reform in Post-Suharto Indonesia: Elite Conflict, Nationalism, and Institutional Resistance Policy Studies 23 ___________ The Politics of Military Reform in Post-Suharto Indonesia: Elite Conflict, Nationalism, and Institutional Resistance _____________________ Marcus Mietzner Copyright © 2006 by the East-West Center Washington The Politics of Military Reform in Post-Suharto Indonesia: Elite Conflict, Nationalism, and Institutional Resistance by Marcus Mietzner ISBN 978-1-932728-45-3 (online version) ISSN 1547-1330 (online version) Online at: www.eastwestcenterwashington.org/publications East-West Center Washington 1819 L Street, NW, Suite 200 Washington, D.C.
    [Show full text]
  • ASIAN REPRESENTATIONS of AUSTRALIA Alison Elizabeth Broinowski 12 December 2001 a Thesis Submitted for the Degree Of
    ABOUT FACE: ASIAN REPRESENTATIONS OF AUSTRALIA Alison Elizabeth Broinowski 12 December 2001 A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of The Australian National University ii Statement This thesis is my own work. Preliminary research was undertaken collaboratively with a team of Asian Australians under my co-direction with Dr Russell Trood and Deborah McNamara. They were asked in 1995-96 to collect relevant material, in English and vernacular languages, from the public sphere in their countries of origin. Three monographs based on this work were published in 1998 by the Centre for the Study of Australia Asia Relations at Griffith University and these, together with one unpublished paper, are extensively cited in Part 2. The researchers were Kwak Ki-Sung, Anne T. Nguyen, Ouyang Yu, and Heidi Powson and Lou Miles. Further research was conducted from 2000 at the National Library with a team of Chinese and Japanese linguists from the Australian National University, under an ARC project, ‘Asian Accounts of Australia’, of which Shun Ikeda and I are Chief Investigators. Its preliminary findings are cited in Part 2. Alison Broinowski iii Abstract This thesis considers the ways in which Australia has been publicly represented in ten Asian societies in the twentieth century. It shows how these representations are at odds with Australian opinion leaders’ assertions about being a multicultural society, with their claims about engagement with Asia, and with their understanding of what is ‘typically’ Australian. It reviews the emergence and development of Asian regionalism in the twentieth century, and considers how Occidentalist strategies have come to be used to exclude and marginalise Australia.
    [Show full text]
  • Dwifungsi Politisi; Madharat Atau Maslahat
    Pengusaha & Perubahan Politik Asep Sahid Gatara Ketua Jurusan Ilmu Politik FISIP UIN Bandung; Wakil Ketua ICMI Jawa Barat Pada hari Kamis lalu, 21 Maret 2019, atau tepat dua hari menjelang tahapan kampanye terbuka digelar (23 Maret-13 April 2019), ada peristiwa politik menarik, yakni deklarasi dukungan dua kelompok pengusaha nasional terhadap kedua pasangan capres- cawapres. Peristiwa itu menarik karena selama ini pengusaha dalam memberikan dukungan politik biasanya tidak terbuka namun secara tertutup atau diam-diam. Dan, biasanya juga dukungan diam-diam tersebut terkadang diberikan kepada semua kontestan yang bertarung. Deklarasi dukungan pengusaha untuk pasangan Joko Widodo-Ma’ruf Amin, dengan nama “10.000 Pengusaha untuk Jokowi-Amin”, dihelat di Istora Senayan, Jakarta Pusat. Sedangkan deklarasi dukungan pengusaha untuk pasangan Prabowo Subianto- Sandiaga Salahudin Uno, dengan sebutan “Aliansi Pengusaha Nasional Lintas Sektoral untuk Indonesia Menang”, dihelat di Djakarta Theater XXI, Jakarta Pusat. Deklarasi dukungan pengusaha untuk nomor urut 01 dimotori oleh Rosan Perkasa Roeslani, sementara untuk nomor urut 02 dimotori oleh Erwin Aksa. Deklarasi dukungan pengusaha terhadap kedua pasangan capres-cawapres pada hari yang sama namun lokasi yang berbeda tersebut menunjukkan adanya keterbelahan preferensi politik pengusaha nasional pada perhelatan Pilpres 2019. Meskipun sebenarnya mereka sama-sama berhimpun di Kamar Dagang dan Industri Indonesia (Kadin), Himpunan Pengusaha Muda Indonesia (HIPMI), Himpunan Pengusaha Pribumi Indonesia (HIPPI), dan organisasi pengusaha nasional lainnya. Deklarasi dukungan pengusaha terhadap pasangan capres-cawapres sebenarnya bukanlah fenomena baru. Ia menjadi rangkaian panjang dari semakin maraknya pengusaha berani tampil di panggung politik praktis. Even politik pilpres-wapres 2004 menjadi 1 pembuka babak keterlibatan pengusaha secara masif di panggung politik terbuka.
    [Show full text]
  • Current Data on the Indonesian Military Elite
    CURRENT DATA ON THE INDONESIAN MILITARY ELITE (Prepared by the Editors) Periodically over the last fifteen years we have prepared lists of officers hold­ ing key positions in the hierarchy of the Indonesian Armed Forced to help readers keep abreast of current developments. (The last previous listing was in Indonesia, No. 33 [April 1982] which included changes through February 1982.) We have been able to do so because changes of personnel have typically been incremental, and because when a major organizational change took place, as in October 1969, the transformation occurred quickly and smoothly, without involving any drastic redis­ tribution of power or personnel. This is not the case with the recent reorganiza­ tion. The changes that got under practical way in March 1983 are unprecedented in their scope and complexity, and seem unlikely to run their full course before well into 1984. Essentially, they can be understood as involving two distinct, yet interrelated processes: (1) a generational shift which has virtually eliminated the "Generation of '45" from the Armed Forces' hierarchy; (2) the organizational rever­ berations of the separation of the functions of Minister of Defense and Security and Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces mandated by Law 20/1982. Perhaps fortu­ nately for the editors, the evidence for the generational shift was largely complete as of the beginning of July 1983, and seems reasonably susceptible to preliminary analysis. On the other hand, although General S. Poniman and General L. B. "Benny" Murdani assumed on March 28, 1983 the twin top positions that had earlier always been held by a single officer, the division of authority and responsibility between them has yet to be resolved; and until it is resolved many billets remain either empty or held on a caretaker basis.
    [Show full text]
  • Prabowo Subianto and Indonesia's Geostrategic Defence Outlook
    No.No. 09 09 / / 27 27 January January 2020 2020 www.habibiecenter.or.idwww.habibiecenter.or.id Prabowo Subianto and Indonesia’s Geostrategic Defence Outlook: Between US-China and ASEAN By Naifa Rizani Intern at The Habibie Center [email protected] Introduction The appointment of the new Indonesian Minister of Defence, Prabowo Subianto, has stirred a lot of debate due to his questionable track record from his previous career in the Indonesian Military. After being appointed by President Joko Widodo in the new cabinet, Prabowo Subianto promptly held several meetings with foreign representatives, notably from the two great power countries, discussing defence cooperation while he also gave a bold statement urging the strengthening of regional security at the ASEAN Defence Ministerial Meeting (17/11).1 This raised a discourse on how Prabowo will translate President Joko Widodo’s vision and mission into Indonesia’s defence policy in the future. What is his focus for Indonesia’s Ministry of Defence? How will he maintain the defence ties between the great powers and with ASEAN? And how will Indonesia’s defence ties turn under his watch? Prabowo Subianto as the New Defence Minister Prabowo Subianto was (in)famously known for his military career and later as President Joko Widodo’s contender in the general elections of 2014 and 2019. Nevertheless his military background and political standing are expected to help him in his new role as Defence Minister. As a former Army lieutenant general, he is well-informed of the need to improve Indonesia’s defence situation, and is perceived to have gained the full trust of the President who even declared, “I believe I don’t have to tell him about his job -- he knows more than I do.”2 Despite the criticism received by several human rights groups that are concerned by the possibility of a greater military role in the civil sphere and also his seeming lack of concern on human rights issues, Prabowo Subianto’s longstanding experiences in the field appear No.
    [Show full text]
  • Democratic-Governance.Pdf
    DEMOCRATIC GOVERNANCE Local Politics and Public Management Issues in Indonesia DEMOCRATIC GOVERNANCE Local Politics and Public Management Issues in Indonesia Editors: Dyah Mutiarin Ridho Al-Hamdi Isnaini Muallidin Queeny Pearl Tomaro Published By: Jusuf Kalla Scholl of Government (JKSG) Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta (UMY) Jurusan Ilmu Pemerintahan (IP) / Department of Government Affairs and Administration UMY Magister Ilmu Pemerintahan / Master of Government Affairs and Administration UMY and Buku Litera DEMOCRATIC GOVERNANCE Local Politics and Public Management Issues in Indonesia First Edition, 2018 220 pages (viii+ 200 pages) and 155 x235 mm ISBN: 978-602-5681-01-1 Authors: David Efendi Zuly Qodir Suranto Tunjung Sulaksono Awang Darumurti Muhammad Yusuf Suranto Rendra Setyadiharja Arif Zainudin Sri Sutjiatmi Dyah Mutiarin Rahmat Dedi Saputra Ridho Al-Hamdi Muchamad Zaenuri Isnaini Muallidin Erni Zuhriyanti Editor: Dyah Mutiarin Ridho Al-Hamdi Isnaini Muallidin Queeny Pearl Tomaro Cover: Ibnu Lay Out: Ibnu Special Copies, January 2018 Printed in Yogyakarta ISBN: Published By: Jusuf Kalla Scholl of Government (JKSG) Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta (UMY) Jurusan Ilmu Pemerintahan (IP) / Department of Government Affairs and Administration UMY Magister Ilmu Pemerintahan / Master of Government Affairs and Administration UMY and Buku Litera Preface The emerging trends and challenges of today’s world especially in Indonesia have been the main reasons on why this book came into being. The book is a compilation of excellent and handpicked researches of my colleagues in the Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta (UMY), scholars from other universities and students and alumni of UMY. In my lengthy years of being an educator, I have found the need to not only do research but to share my research to young and old scholars as it is through this that knowledge is enhanced and ideas are sharpened.
    [Show full text]
  • E:\Hadiprayitno\Gezet\00Voorwerk Handelseditie.Wpd
    Hazard or Right? The Dialectics of Development Practice and the Internationally Declared Right to Development, with Special Reference to Indonesia SCHOOL OF HUMAN RIGHTS RESEARCH SERIES, Volume 31 The titles published in this series are listed at the end of this volume. Hazard or Right? The Dialectics of Development Practice and the Internationally Declared Right to Development, with Special Reference to Indonesia Irene Hadiprayitno Antwerp – Oxford – Portland Cover photograph: From the courtesy of Himpunan Pengembangan Jalan Indonesia (HPJI), The Province of Yogyakarta, Jembatan Kebon Agung II Typesetting: G.J. Wiarda Institute for Legal Research, Boothstraat 6, 3512 BW Utrecht. Irene Hadiprayitno Hazard or Right? The Dialectics of Development Practice and the Internationally Declared Right to Development, with Special Reference to Indonesia ISBN 978-90-5095-932-2 D/2009/7849/40 NUR 828 © 2009 Intersentia www.intersentia.com Behoudens uitzondering door de wet gesteld, mag zonder schiftelijke toestemming van de rechthebbende(n) op het auteursrecht c.q. de uitgevers van deze uitgave, door de rechthebbende(n) gemachtigd namens hem (hen) op te treden, niets uit deze uitgave worden verveelvoudigd en/of openbaar gemaakt door middel van druk, fotocopie, microfilm of anderszins, hetgeen ook van toepassing is op de gehele of gedeeltelijke bewerking. De uitgevers zijn met uitsluiting van ieder ander onherroepelijk door de auteur gemachtigd de door derden verschuldigde vergoedingen van copiëren, als bedoeld in artikel 17 lid 2 der Auteurswet 1912 en in het KB van 20-6-’64 (Stb. 351) ex artikel 16b der Auteurswet 1912, te doen innen door (en overeenkomstig de reglementen van) de Stichting Reprorecht te Amsterdam.
    [Show full text]
  • Indonesian Colleagues, but It Is Impossible to Mention Every One of Them Here
    INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submii. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while athers may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print Meedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reprodudion. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sedions with small overlaps. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6' x 9" black and Mite photographic prints are avail- for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional chafge. Contact UMI didyto order. Bell & Howell Information and Learning 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, MI 481061346 USA 8W521-0600 THE ROLE OF MU8LIbd GROUPS IN CONTEMPORARY INDONE8IM NATIOHALISM: A STUDY OF THE NAHDLATUL ULAMA UNDER THE NEW ORDER 1980s- l99b A thesis submitted to the Faculty af Graduate Studier and Research in partial fdilhent of the
    [Show full text]