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Radiolites and Distefanella (Radiolitidae)

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Radiolites and Distefanella (Radiolitidae) Bollettino della Società Paleontologica Italiana, 44 (3), 2005, 185-192. Modena, 30 novembre 2005185 New data on the relationship between shape and palaeoenvironment in Late Cretaceous Rudists from Central Italy: Radiolites and Distefanella (Radiolitidae) Riccardo CESTARI R. Cestari (present address), ENI E&P, Unità Geografica Italia, Via del Marchesato 13, I-48023 Marina di Ravenna (RA), Italy; [email protected] KEY WORDS - Bivalves, Rudists, Radiolitidae, Palaeoenvironment, Late Cretaceous, Central Italy. ABSTRACT - Analyses on the shell shape and structure of some rudist bivalves belonging to the Radiolitidae family have been performed on specimens from carbonate successions cropping out in central Italy and from Museums’ collections. Radiolites trigeri (Coquand) and R. darìo (Catullo) have a conical to slender cilindrical right valve provided with a flat and little developed left valve, the shell structure may have a well developed cellular network. These species are mainly found in Late Turonian- Santonian mud-supported carbonates of inner platform and ramp settings with medium to low hydrodynamic regime. Distefanella salmojraghii Parona, D. bassanii Parona, D. douvillei Parona and D. guiscardii Parona have an extremely elongate right valve provided with a cupular and well developed left valve, the shell is extremely thin and made of compact calcite. They are mainly found in Santonian grain-supported bioclastic limestones of platform margin settings with medium to high hydrodynamic conditions. The occurrence of these radiolitid species shows an asymmetric geographic distribution, caused by a complex physiography of the carbonate platforms in the Mediterranean Tethys during the Turonian-Santonian (Late Cretaceous) when the East-West driven Circumglobal Tethys Current favoured the diffusion of bioclastic Distefanella facies in the successions today facing the Adriatic side of the Apennine chain. On the other hand, Radiolites assemblages set in mud-supported limestone were widespread in the successions today facing the Tyrrhenian Sea. This asymmetric distribution should be assumed as reminiscence of a windward-leeward control on carbonate platform growth. RIASSUNTO - [Forma del guscio e struttura dei bivalvi Rudiste nel Cretaceo Superiore: Radiolites e Distefanella (Radiolitidae) in Italia centrale] - Nel Cretaceo Superiore le Rudiste, bivalvi appartenenti all’ordine Hippuritoidea, colonizzarono gran parte degli ambienti di piattaforma carbonatica raggiungendo la loro massima diversità con specie appartenenti alle famiglie Radiolitidae e Hippuritidae. In questo lavoro, vengono prese in considerazione l’organizzazione, l’assetto morfostrutturale del guscio e la distribuzione di alcune specie appartenenti alle radiolitidi che danno utili informazioni riguardo l’ambiente di sedimentazione delle piattaforme carbonatiche che si svilupparono nell’area mediterranea della Tetide nel Turoniano-Santoniano (Cretaceo Superiore). In particolare sono stati riesaminati alcuni dati già pubblicati sull’area dell’Appennino centrale (Italia centrale), integrati con osservazioni originali nelle successioni di M. Rotondo e M. Orsello-Inghiottitoio nei Monti d’Ocre, le serie di Trevi e Fiuggi nei M.ti Simbruini, nell’area di Sonnino nei M.ti Ausoni, a S. Polo Matese nei M.ti del Matese e nella Montagna della Majella. In generale, le radiolitidi sono caratterizzate da una valva destra con forma da conica a cilindrica e valva sinistra solitamente poco sviluppata ed appiattita. La struttura del guscio è tipicamente cellulare, costruita dalla sovrapposizione ritmica di laminae e muri. Le specie Radiolites trigeri (Coquand) e R. darìo (Catullo) sono caratterizzate da forma da conica allungata a cilindrica e valva sinistra appiattita e poco sviluppata, con struttura del guscio da prevalentemente cellulare nelle forme a minore tasso di accrescimento a prevalentemente compatta in quelle ad elevato tasso di crescita. Esse risultano essere ben rappresentate nelle successioni fangosostenute a idrodinamismo medio-basso di piattaforma interna e di rampa del Turoniano-Santoniano. Tra le distefanelle, le specie Distefanella salmojraghii Parona, D. bassanii Parona, D. douvillei Parona e D. guiscardii Parona sono caratterizzate da una valva destra estremamente allungata, guscio molto sottile composto da calcite compatta e da una valva sinistra cupuliforme ben sviluppata. Esse sono ben rappresentate nelle successioni prevalentemente granosostenute ad idrodinamismo medio- alto di margine di piattaforma del Santoniano. Considerando il medesimo intervallo cronostratigrafico, le specie di radiolitidi esaminate risultano avere una distribuzione geografica asimmetrica: le distefanelle sono ben rappresentate nelle successioni affioranti nei M.ti d’Ocre, nella Majella e nei M.ti del Matese mentre Radiolites trigeri e R. darìo sono ben rappresentate nelle dorsali carbonatiche più ad occidente, quali i M.ti Simbruini e i M.ti Ausoni. La distribuzione geografica asimmetrica di queste rudiste viene messa in relazione al complesso assetto fisiografico delle piattaforme carbonatiche nell’area mediterranea della Tetide nel corso del Turoniano-Santoniano. In questo intervallo temporale la crescita dei sistemi carbonatici era condizionata dalla corrente paleooceanica tetisiana che, spingendosi da est verso ovest, favoriva lo sviluppo di biofacies a rudiste (come la Distefanella) bioclastiche e granosostenute nelle successioni della catena appenninica che oggi guardano verso l’Adriatico. Verso la parte occidentale, invece, sono diffuse le associazioni oligotipiche a Radiolites (come Radiolites trigeri e R. darìo) in successioni fangosostenute. Questa distribuzione asimmetrica deve essere attribuita al controllo sopravento e sottovento che ha condizionato la crescita delle piattaforme carbonatiche nell’area italiana. INTRODUCTION They colonized diverse environments of the Mediterranean Tethys becoming significant organic In Late Cretaceous times, Rudist bivalves flourished builders and sediment constituents of neritic carbonates in carbonate platform environments, reaching their peak (Philip, 2003). Well-exposed successions yielding rudist diversity with the extraordinary diffusion of taxa bivalves have been already studied extensively in central belonging to the Radiolitidae and Hippuritidae families. Italy (e.g. Chiocchini & Mancinelli, 1977; Mariotti, ISSN 0375-7633 N1 185 09/01/06 15 51 186 Bollettino della Società Paleontologica Italiana, 44 (3), 2005 Fig. 1 - Studied localities in central Italy. a) Ocre Mts. (Rotondo Mt. and M. Orsello- Inghiottitoio successions); b) Simbruini Mts. (Trevi and Fiuggi); c) Ausoni Mts. (Sonnino and Amaseno); d) Matese Mt. (S. Polo Matese); e) Majella Mt. 1982; Accordi & Carbone, 1988; Damiani et al., 1992; (Accordiella conica-Rotorbinella scarsellai Zone and Pons & Sirna, 1992; Chiocchini et al., 1994; Simone et Nezzazatinella picardi-Nummoloculina heimi pars Zone al., 2003). in Chiocchini et al., 1994). Analyses have also been This study focuses on some slender taxa belonging performed by studying specimens housed in museum to Radiolites and Distefanella of the Radiolitidae family collections (Bassani Collection housed at the Centro reported from the Turonian-Santonian (Late Musei delle Scienze Naturali di Napoli, Parona Collection Cretaceous) carbonate successions cropping out in at the University of Turin, rudist collections at “La central Apennines (central Italy) (Fig. 1). These taxa Sapienza” University of Rome and at the Museum of have been taken into account among the others as they Geology and Palaeontology of the University of Padua. show similar general shell features but different Figured samples are housed at the Departamento de relationship with the sedimentary substrate. Radiolites Geologia, Universidad Autònoma de Barcelona (label trigeri (Coquand) and R. darìo (Catullo) are mainly PUAB). found in mud-supported limestone of inner platform and ramp environments while Distefanella salmojraghii Parona, D. bassanii Parona, D. douvillei Parona and D. guiscardii Parona are found in grain-supported sediments of outer platform settings. The aim is therefore to give an interpretation of the main factors that shaped the shell architecture of these radiolitids and that favoured their asymmetric distribution on carbonate platforms, eventually under the influence of the Circumglobal Tethys Current (Hotinsky & Toggweiler, 2003). MATERIALS Assemblages yielding Radiolites and Distefanella have been considered from carbonate successions cropping out in the Ocre Mts. (Rotondo Mt. and M. Orsello-Inghiottitoio sections in Chiocchini et al., 1994; Damiani et al., 1992) (Fig. 1a), in the Simbruini Mts. (Trevi and Fiuggi sections in Cestari et. al. 1992) (Fig. 1b), in the Ausoni Mts. (Sonnino and Amaseno area; Chiocchini & Mancinelli, 1977; Damiani et al., 1992) (Fig. 1c), in the Matese Mt. (at S. Polo Matese and Piano di Corte in Accordi et al., 1990a) (Fig. 1d) and in the Majella Mt. (Accordi et al., 1990b; Stössel, 1999; Fig. 2 - Main shell features of a radiolitid bivalve. The right valve Stössel & Bernoulli, 2000) (Fig. 1e). The inferred age is conical to cylindrical while the left valve is usually opercular of these species is Late Turonian-Santonian (modified from Cestari & Sartorio, 1995). N1 186 09/01/06 15 51 R. Cestari - Occurrence of Radiolites and Distefanella (Hippuritoidea) in central Italy 187 sp. and a fossil assemblage indicative of the Late Turonian. Above in the same succession, Radiolites darìo (Catullo) is found in
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