A Jailhouse Lawyer's Manual
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A Jailhouse Lawyer’s Manual Immigration and Consular Access Supplement to the Seventh Edition Columbia Human Rights Law Review 2007 COLUMBIA HUMAN RIGHTS LAW REVIEW 2006-2007 EDITORIAL BOARD 2006–2007 Editor-in-Chief Mary Kelly Persyn Executive Editor JLM Editor-in-Chief Susan Maples Emma Freudenberger Managing Editors Business Editor JLM Executive Editors Nicole Altman Benjamin Edwards Dynishal Gross Emily Miyamoto Faber Sydney Bird Levin Patrick Somers SJLM Executive Editor Gráinne O'Neill Kimberly Sánchez Articles Editors Journal Production Editor JLM Chapter Editors Lazar Bloch Dafina Stewart Damaris Acosta Brian Ginsberg Erin Dittus Sean Murray Submissions/Notes Editors Anya Emerson Naureen Shah Whitney Russell Dougherty Natasha M. Korgaonkar Jennifer Stark Samantha Harper Noelle Kvasnosky JLM Production Editor Development Sydney Tarzwell Adam Shajnfeld Elana Pollak Drew Rabe STAFF EDITORS Anne-Carmene Almonord Daeyna Grant Seth Rosenbloom Julia Barke Megan Haberle Michelle M. Rutherford Rachel Barish Daniel Harris Lisa Sachs Dorian Berger Colleen Hobson Laura Lisa Sandoval Katie Brandes Elizabeth Howell Kristina Schwartz Eddie Bruce-Jones Marques Mathews Mainon Schwartz Zaneta Butscher Tanaz Moghadam Jon Sherman Zern-shun Chen Gina Moon M. Beth Morales Singh Johanna Coats Priyanka Motaparthy Kristen Smith Kaitlin Cordes Mary Beth Myles Karthik Srinivasan Amy Dieterich Won Park Ariane Vinograd Meredith Duffy Suzannah Phillips Aisha Weaver Christine Ely Madhu Pocha Melody Wells Derek Ettinger Laboni Rahman Margaret Winterkorn- Meghan Gallagher Ikhlas Rashid Meikle Mia Gonzalez Martha Rodenborn Alison Wright Chiara Grabill Ted Roethke Kimberly Zafran BOARD OF ADVISORS Mark Barenberg Philip Genty James S. Liebman Barbara Black Harvey Goldschmid Michael Ratner John Boston Jack Greenberg Peter Rosenblum Reed Brody Louis Henkin Susan Sturm Katherine Franke Copyright © 2007 by the Columbia Human Rights Law Review All rights reserved. Printed in the U.S.A. ISSN 0090 7944 A Jailhouse Lawyer’s Manual Immigration and Consular Access Supplement to the Seventh Edition JLM Editor-in-Chief Emma Freudenberger Production Editor Chapter Editors Spanish JLM Executive Adam Shajnfeld Damaris Acosta Editor Erin Dittus Kimberly Sánchez Anya Emerson Natasha Korgaonkar Executive Editors Dynishal Gross Sydney Bird Levin Gráinne O’Neill Columbia Human Rights Law Review 435 W. 116th St. New York, NY 10027 [email protected] (212) 854-1601 PREFACE & ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Historically, chapters about the immigration consequences of criminal convictions and the right to consular access have been published alongside the rest of the material in A Jailhouse Lawyer’s Manual. This year, to meet the needs of the growing number of prisoners seeking information about immigration laws and policy, this material is being published as a separate supplement to the Seventh Edition of the JLM. This supplement includes the information previously contained in JLM Volume II, Chapter 14, “Immigration: The Immigration Consequences of Criminal Activity,” and JLM Volume II, Chapter 15, “The Right to Consular Access.” We hope that publishing this information separately will increase the material’s availability, accuracy, and utility. Immigration law has changed significantly in recent years and continues to change constantly. Our hope is that publishing this information as a supplement will allow us to update the material more frequently, thereby better serving the needs of our readers. The JLM aims to be a responsive publication; accordingly, we appreciate any feedback regarding either the content or format of the JLM. The responses and feedback we receive from prisoners throughout the country are our most valuable resource for improving and developing the JLM. Special thanks is due to Maria Navarro, Esq. of the Immigration Law Unit of the Legal Aid Society of New York, and Cristina Quintero, a law student, whose hard work and expertise made this Supplement possible. We would also like to thank the members of the 2005-2006 Columbia Human Rights Law Review Board, and the many students who contributed hours of proofreading and research toward this project. The material published in this Supplement, along with the rest of A Jailhouse Lawyer’s Manual, may be reproduced and distributed in part by nonprofit institutions for educational purposes, including distribution to students, provided that the copies are distributed at or below cost; that they include a legal disclaimer; and that they identify the author, the Columbia Human Rights Law Review, A Jailhouse Lawyer’s Manual, the edition, the page numbers, and the year of the work’s publication. You can request information about ordering by sending an email to [email protected] or by writing to: Columbia Human Rights Law Review Jailhouse Lawyers Manual 435 W. 116th Street New York, NY 10027 Many alumni, practitioners, organizations, friends, and family have given us financial, moral, and legal support to make the Seventh Edition possible. We extend our heartfelt thanks and regret that we cannot recognize them all by name. March 9, 2007 Emma Freudenberger Damaris Acosta Adam Shajnfeld JLM Editor-In-Chief Erin Dittus JLM Production Editor Anya Emerson Natasha Korgaonkar JLM Chapter Editors Dynishal Gross Kimberly Sánchez Sydney Bird Levin Spanish JLM Executive Editor Gráinne O’Neill JLM Executive Editors FOREWORD A Jailhouse Lawyer’s Manual is an important and impressive work. Although it is well-established that prisoners have a constitutional right to affirmative governmental assistance in the preparation and filing of legal papers, see Bounds v. Smith, 430 U.S. 817 (1976), state and federal prisoners often still lack the necessary information and resources to obtain effective and adequate judicial review. This manual will help alleviate that problem. Written in a clear, readable fashion, the manual provides an easy, step-by-step guide to assist prisoners in understanding and maneuvering their way through an increasingly complex legal system. By making difficult and sensitive legal issues accessible to the lay person, the manual helps to empower prisoners to exercise a right we, as a society, hold dear—the right to speak for oneself. I commend Columbia’s law students for publishing so comprehensive and insightful a manual. A Jailhouse Lawyer’s Manual should be read by everyone involved in, or concerned about, prisoners’ rights. Justice Thurgood Marshall February, 1992 v LEGAL DISCLAIMER A Jailhouse Lawyer’s Manual is written and updated by members of the Columbia Human Rights Law Review. The law prohibits us from providing any legal advice to prisoners. This information is not intended as legal advice or representation nor should you consider or rely upon it as such. Neither the JLM nor any information contained herein is intended to or shall constitute a contract between the JLM and any reader, and the JLM does not guarantee the accuracy of the information contained herein. Additionally, your use of the JLM should not be construed as creating an attorney- client relationship with the JLM staff or anyone at Columbia Law School. Finally, while we have attempted to provide information that is up-to-date and useful, because the law changes frequently, we cannot guarantee that all information is current. vii TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface and Acknowledgements ...........................................................................................iv Foreword by Justice Thurgood Marshall................................................................................v Legal Disclaimer.................................................................................................................vii Table of Contents ............................................................................................................... ix SECTION I: IMMIGRATION Chapter I The Immigration Consequences of Criminal Activity A. Introduction ..............................................................................................................1 B. Status........................................................................................................................3 C. How the Government Places You in Removal Proceedings........................................6 D. Inadmissibility and Deportability...............................................................................8 E. Removal Proceedings ..............................................................................................16 F. Forms of Relief........................................................................................................21 G. Decision and Appeals..............................................................................................37 H. Detention................................................................................................................41 I. Failure to Depart from the U.S. and Returning to the U.S. After Deportation...........45 Appendix A: Glossary.....................................................................................................47 Appendix B: Forms.........................................................................................................55 Appendix C: Resources ...................................................................................................57 Appendix D: List of Legal Service Providers: New York..................................................59 Appendix E: Determing Whether Children Born Outside the U.S. Acquired Citizenship at Birth .........................................................................................................64