DOCSLIB.ORG

A New Cockatoo (Psittaciformes: Cacatuidae) from the Tertiary Of

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A New Cockatoo (Psittaciformes: Cacatuidae) from the Tertiary Of IBIS 135: 8-18 A new cockatoo (Psittaciformes: Cacatuidae) from the Tertiary of Riversleigh, northwestern Queensland, and an evaluation of rostral characters in the systematics of parrots W AL TER E. BOLES Division of Vertebrate Zoology (Birds), Australian Museum. 6-8 College Street. Sydney, N.S. W. 2000, Australia : The first Tertiary cockatoo or any psittaciform from Australia is recorded from an incom- plete rostrum from the Riversleigh deposits of northwestern Queensland.Australia. It is placed in the extant genus Cacatuabut cannot be diagnosed at the specific level. This cockatoo was probably similar in size to the modern C. roseicapilla.with a short. unspe- cialized crest and probably white plumage. The rostrum is useful in studies of the system- atics of parrots. Rostral characters support sometraditional subdivisionsof the order. while suggestingthat others warrant re-examination. Parrots comprise one of the most distinctive orders of birds. Milne- Edwards (1867 -1871 ) described Psittacus verrauxi from The approximately 340 living speciesof Psittaciformeshave the Early Miocene of France. for which Lambrecht (1933) a pan-tropical and southern distribution. Of these birds, the later proposed the new generic name Archaeopsittacus. Wet- cockatoos (Cacatuidae),with 18-21 speciesin five genera, more (1926) named Conuropsisfratercula. the only pre-Pleis- centred on the Australo-Papuan region, form one of the tocene record of this order from the New World. No bills or most characteristic groups. With five generaand 10-12 spe- skulls of these Tertiary forms have thus been reported. and cies, Australia is' the centre of cockatoo diversity, although it is not possible to determine at what stage these early speciesextend as far as the Philippines in the north, Sulawesi parrots were in the evolution of the distinctive cranial mor- and the Sunda Islands in the west and the Solomon Islands phology that characterizes parrots. in the east (Forshaw 1981). Thesebirds form one of the most All previous Australian records of the Psittaciformes are distinctive elementsof the Australian avifauna. Despite this of Quaternary age and are indistinguishable at specific It:vel wide distribution, there is only a very limited fossil history from Recent taxa (Baird 1991). Smaller, non-cacatuine forms of parrots (Olson 1985). At present the known record con- have been reported from several sites (e.g. Hope et al. 1977 , tains only a handful of Tertiary taxa, none of which is a Rich et al. 1983. Baird 1985; summarized in Baird 1991); cockatoo. Fro!D Australia, with 55 extant species,no pre- other psittacine material has not yet been evaluated. Cock- Pleistocenematerial has been reported (Vickers-Rich 1991). atoos have only recently been reported from the fossil rec- The only cockatoos are of Pleistoceneage and can be as- ord-none was listed by Brodkorb (1971)-and these have signed to extant species(Baird 1985, 1991). been only from southeastern Australian sites. The identified Describedhere is a fossil cockatoofrom the Early to Middle species are all referable to living taxa: Red-tailed Cockatoo Miocene of northwestern Queensland,constituting the old- Calyptorhynchus magnificus, Glossy Cockatoo C. lathami, Black est fossil record of the order for Australia and of the Caca- Cockatoo C. funereus. Gang-gang Callocephalon fimbriatum. tuidae for the world. Long-billed Corella Cacatua tenuirostris and Galah C. rosei- capilla. Other cockatoo material. as yet unpublished. has been recovered from a number of other Pleistocene sites (R.F. Baird. pers. comm.). FOSSIL HISTORY The fossil record of the Psittaciformes has been summarized by Olson (1985). The earliest report is Palaeopsittacusgeorgei GEOGRAPHIC AND GEOLOGIC SETTING Harrison (1982) from the Lower Eocene of England. al- though there have been doubts expressed about the iden- The Riversleigh depositsare located on Riversleigh Station, tification (Olson 1985). Mourer-Chauvire (1982) noted re- approximately 200 kID north of Mount Isa, northwestern mains from the Upper Eocene of France. which she assigned Queensland.More than 100 sites and local faunas are now to the Psittacidae without elaboration. known from this area but few of these have been described Only two Miocene records have so far been published. in the literature. Preliminary stratigraphic relationshipshave although P. Ballman (pers. comm. to Olson 1985) has drawn been determined by Archer et al. (1989), but these, as well attention to the recovery of some as yet undescribed parrot as the interpreted ages,must be regarded as tentative. remains from the Middle Miocene of Germany and France. The fossil subject of this paper came from the RSOLocal 1993 A NEW COCKATOO FROM QUEENSLAND 9 Fauna from RSO Site. This site is at the lower end (180 m some characters. Some taxa do not fit comfortably into the a.s.I.) of the Godthelp Hill Sequence. which forms part of categoriesadopted, but some limitation has been made on System B of Archer et al. (1989). System B. a collection of the number of categoriesused to accommodateunique ex- regionally clustered sites differing in age but not significantly amples. The rhamphotheca often bears little resemblanceto in position and/or spatially isolated but approximately con- the underlying bone and, together with the cere, prevents temporaneous. is considered to be ?Early to Middle Miocene. any external assessmentof the rostral characters. The taxa It appears to represent fossil assemblages accumulated in examined are listed in Appendix II. Rostral characters for pools or shallow lakes (Archer et al. 1989). many Australo-Papuan and selected extralimital psittaci- Based primarily on information derived from the rich and form genera are given in Appendix III. These should be diverse mammal remains, Archer et al. (1989) have inter- useful in the identification of unknown rostra. preted the vegetation of Riversleigh at this time to have been "dense. species-rich gallery rainforests probably similar to those that persist today in mid-montane New Guinea.'. SYSTEMA TIC P ALAEONTOLOGY The Riversleigh rostrum clearly belongs to the Cacatuidae. A suite of character statesserves to identify any member of MA TERIALS AND METHODS this family. Most of the character states are found in other Measurementswere made with vernier calipers accurate to taxa; however. the shape of the naso-frontal hinge and the 0.05 mrn and rounded to the nearest 0.1 mm. specializedconfiguration of the cere region are diagnostic. Names of psittaciform taxa follow Forshaw (1981) except Five genera of cockatoos are currently recognized: Pro- for changesbased on more recent studies. For convenience bosciger(palm Cockatoo. 1 species).Calyptorhynchus (black of reference. three families of Psittaciformesare recognized cockatoos. 3-5 species). Callocephalon(Gang-gang. 1 spe- in the discussionof this fossil (after Forshaw 1981): Loriidae cies). Cacatua(white cockatoos. 12-13 species)and Nym- {lorikeetsand lories). Cacatuidae(cockatoos) and Psittacidae phicus (Cockatiel. 1 species).The character states, particu- (all other parrots). larly of the nostrils, and the shape and size of the rostrum, The fossil material referred to herein is currently held in indicate that the fossil parrot from Riversleighis most similar the collections of the Vertebrate PalaeontologyLaboratory . to. and indeed inseparable from. Cacatua. University of New South Wales but will be transferred to The other cacatuine genera can be distinguished from the Queensland Museum at the completion of this study; Cacatuaby the following rostral characters: prefixesto registration numbers for theseinstitutions are AR Callocephalon. Cere region saddle-shapedwith thin centre; and QM. respectively. nostrils oriented to the side (300from midline of culmen); length: width ratio smaller than in all cacatuid speciesex- cept for some individuals of C. sulphurea. ANAL YSIS OF CHARACTERS Calyptorhynchus. Cere region saddle-shapedwith thin cen- The decurved upper mandible of parrots is distinctive. con- tre; internarial septum wider; nares small. directed to side; size large (compared with small Cacatuaspecies). stituting one of the major external charactersby which these birds are recognized. A few other orders of raptorial birds Probosciger. lnternarial septum wider; nares small. direct- have superficially similar hooked bills, but each group can ed to side; size very large; shape diagnostic. be easily distinguished from parrots by a combination of Nymphicus. Cereregion spade-shaped(Fig. 18); internarial characters, not all applicable to each group, e.g. presence and shape of the naso-frontal hinge, shape of the nostrils, septum narrow; size small. presenceof a nasal tubercule, absenceof a bifurcated groove on the culmen and degreeof lateral compressionof the ros- trum. Order PSITTACIFORMES Wagler. 1830 The most easily recognized feature of parrot bills is the Family CACA TUIDAE groove on the upper surface that runs from the cere region down the internarial septum and then bifurcates. continuing (Rostrum) Naso-frontal outline with centre raised and along each side of the culmen towards the tip. The presence rounded. extending above point of attachment with skull; of this groove is diagnostic for the Psittaciformes. cere region smoothed and raised as saddle-shapedplatform There are about 340 speciesof living or recently extinct (shapedifferent in one species);corners of naso-frontal hinge speciesof parrot placed in 81 genera (Forshaw 1981). In entended into acutely angled horns (approximately 90" in order
Load more

Recommended publications
  • TRUSTVETASSISTSSURVIVAL of WORLD'srarestparrot New Clues to Echo Parakeet Problem Bypallia Harris
    News about parrot conservation, aviculture and welfare from qg&%rld q&rrot~t TRUSTVETASSISTSSURVIVAL OF WORLD'SRARESTPARROT New clues to Echo Parakeet problem ByPallIa Harris When the World Parrot Trust was The World Parrot Trust has project, contributing funds and of the World Parrot Trust and a launched in 1989, our first consistently provided funding for parrot expertise to both the member of the International Zoo priority was to help the world's the Echo Parakeet and maintained captive breeding programme and Veterinary Group. When the rarest parrot, the Echo Parakeet, close relations with the project's wild population management captive population of parrots which still numbers less than 20 director, Carl Jones, and the efforts. This new opportunity became ill this spring, Andrew birds in the wild. With your Jersey Wildlife Preservation provides the World Parrot Trust advised project staff in Mauritius generous donations, the Trust Trust, which finances and with one of the greatest by telephone and by fax. was proud to present the Echo manages the project with the co- challenges in parrot conservation Subsequently, at the request of Parakeet project with a badly operation of the Mauritius today. the Jersey Wildlife Preservation needed four wheel drive vehicle government's Conservation Unit. The followingstory is drawn, Trust, the World Parrot Trust sent to enable field researchers to Recently, the World Parrot Trust in part, from a veterinary report Andrew to Mauritius to reach the remote forest in which was invited to become a major by Andrew Greenwood,MAVetMB investigate tragic mortalities the parrot struggles to survive. partner in the Echo Parakeet MIBiolMRCVS,a founder Trustee among the Echo Parakeets.
    [Show full text]
  • TAG Operational Structure
    PARROT TAXON ADVISORY GROUP (TAG) Regional Collection Plan 5th Edition 2020-2025 Sustainability of Parrot Populations in AZA Facilities ...................................................................... 1 Mission/Objectives/Strategies......................................................................................................... 2 TAG Operational Structure .............................................................................................................. 3 Steering Committee .................................................................................................................... 3 TAG Advisors ............................................................................................................................... 4 SSP Coordinators ......................................................................................................................... 5 Hot Topics: TAG Recommendations ................................................................................................ 8 Parrots as Ambassador Animals .................................................................................................. 9 Interactive Aviaries Housing Psittaciformes .............................................................................. 10 Private Aviculture ...................................................................................................................... 13 Communication ........................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Dwi Astuti Zoological Division, R.C
    Phylogenetic relationships of cockatoos (Aves: Psittaciformes) based on DNA sequences of the seventh intron of nuclear β-fibrinogen gene Dwi Astuti Zoological Division, R.C. for Biology - Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Cibinong Science Centre Indonesia [email protected] O Cockatoos are belonged to Cacatuinae (Forshaw, 1989) order : Psittaciformes, Cockatoo Distribution family : Psittacidae (Forshaw, 1989) Calopsittacini Chalyptorhynchini Cacatuini Cacatuidae (del Hoyo,1998) Nymphicus subfamily: Cacatuinae Probosciger Calyptorhynchus Challocephalon Eolophus Cacatua tribes : Calopsittacini Chalyptorhynchini Cacatuini E. roseicapillus Probosciger N. hollandicus P. aterrimus C. baudinii C. fimbriatum C. sulphurea O In the world, there are six extant genera C. latirostris C.galerita Eolophus C. lathami C. alba Cacatua consisting of 21 cockatoo species C. banksii Nymphicus C. moluccensis leadbeateri C. funereus C. goffini Calyptorhynchus O Some previous authors have made grouping C. magnificus C. sanguinea Calyptorhynchus Callocephalon C. leadbeateri and evolutionary relationships of cockatoos C. ophthalmia Brown & Toft (1999) based on morphological characters, isozyme, C. haematuropygia and mitochondrial DNA. However, their MATERIALS AND METHODS relationships are still controversial, especially Phylogeny based on different characters concerning the position of Nymphycus Cacatua leadbeateri Blood samples from each individual of 15 species, Biochemical 6 genera, and 3 tribes of cockatoos hollandicus. Since the nuclear β-fibrinogen (Adams et
    [Show full text]
  • Papua New Guinea IV Trip Report 22Nd July to 8Th August 2018 (18 Days)
    Papua New Guinea IV Trip Report 22nd July to 8th August 2018 (18 days) Flame Bowerbird by Glen Valentine Tour Leaders: Glen Valentine & David Erterius Trip report compiled by Glen Valentine Trip Report – RBL Papua New Guinea IV 2018 2 Top 10 birds of the tour as voted for by the tour participants: 1. Flame Bowerbird 2. King-of-Saxony Bird-of-Paradise 3. Wattled Ploughbill 4. Blue-capped Ifrit, King Bird-of-Paradise & Papuan Frogmouth 5. Wallace’s Fairywren, Superb Bird-of-Paradise, Wallace’s Owlet-nightjar, MacGregor’s Bowerbird (for its elaborate bower!) & Brown Sicklebill, 6. Queen Carola’s Parotia 7. Brown-headed Paradise Kingfisher 8. Moustached Treeswift, Blue Jewel-babbler, Emperor Fairywren & Orange-fronted Hanging Parrot 9. Crested Berrypecker & Black-capped Lory 10. Red-breasted Pygmy Parrot Sclater’s Crowned Pigeon by Glen Valentine Tour Summary Tucked away between the Lesser Sundas and the expansive continent of Australia is the legendary island of New Guinea. Home to the spectacular birds-of-paradise, arguably the world’s most attractive and intriguing bird family, New Guinea will always be one of those very special destinations that every birder wishes to visit sometime in their lives. Rockjumper Birding Tours Trip Report – RBL Papua New Guinea IV 2018 3 Our fourth of six comprehensive birding tours to Papua New Guinea (the eastern half of the island of New Guinea) for the 2018 season coincided, as always with the dry season and the advent of displaying birds-of-paradise. The trip was a resounding success once again and racked
    [Show full text]
  • A Case Study of the Endangered Carnaby's Cockatoo
    A peer-reviewed open-access journal Nature ConservationNature 9: 19–43 conservation (2014) on agricultural land: a case study of the endangered... 19 doi: 10.3897/natureconservation.9.8385 CONSERVATION IN PRACTICE http://natureconservation.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity conservation Nature conservation on agricultural land: a case study of the endangered Carnaby’s Cockatoo Calyptorhynchus latirostris breeding at Koobabbie in the northern wheatbelt of Western Australia Denis A. Saunders1, Rick Dawson2, Alison Doley3, John Lauri4, Anna Le Souëf5, Peter R. Mawson6, Kristin Warren5, Nicole White7 1 CSIRO Land and Water, GPO Box 1700, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia 2 Department of Parks and Wildlife, Locked Bag 104, Bentley DC, WA 6983, Australia 3 Koobabbie, Coorow, WA 6515 4 BirdLife Australia, 48 Bournemouth Parade, Trigg WA 6029 5 College of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150 6 Perth Zoo, 20 Labouchere Road, South Perth, WA 6151, Australia 7 Trace and Environmental DNA laboratory, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102 Corresponding author: Denis A. Saunders ([email protected]) Academic editor: Klaus Henle | Received 5 August 2014 | Accepted 21 October 2014 | Published 8 December 2014 http://zoobank.org/660B3593-F8D6-4965-B518-63B2071B1111 Citation: Saunders DA, Dawson R, Doley A, Lauri J, Le Souëf A, Mawson PR, Warren K, White N (2014) Nature conservation on agricultural land: a case study of the endangered Carnaby’s Cockatoo Calyptorhynchus latirostris breeding at Koobabbie in the northern wheatbelt of Western Australia. Nature Conservation 9: 19–43. doi: 10.3897/ natureconservation.9.8385 This paper is dedicated to the late John Doley (1937–2007), whose wise counsel and hard work contributed greatly to the Carnaby’s Cockatoo conservation program on Koobabbie.
    [Show full text]
  • Avy Awards Presented at the 1990 Convention by Dale R
    Marsh Farms Avy Awards Presented at the 1990 Convention by Dale R. Thompson INCUBATORS Chairman ofthe AvyAwardCommittee • FEATURING fully automatic 1989 u.s. First Breeding Awards turners. Adjustable temperature and humidity control. JerryJennings Bill Lasarzig for for Chaco Toucan Desmerest's Fig Parrot (Ramphastos brevis) (Psittaculirostris desmarestii HatchedJuly 31,1989 intermedia) Hatched April 15, 1989 Woodland Park Zoological Gardens Eric Kowalczyk Michael Atkinson for for Gold-whiskered Barbet Edward's Fig Parrot (Megalaima chrysopogon) (Psittaculirostris edwardii) HatchedJune 15, 1989 HatchedJune 19, 1988 Jan R. van Oosten for Last Chance Farm Musschenbroek's Lorikeet Dr. Bern M. Levine (Neopsittacus m. musschenbroekii) KevinJ. Clubb Hatched February 18, 1988 Alicia F. Phillips John Real Jan R. van Oosten Susan L. Clubb, D.V.M. for for ROLL-X Salvadori's Fig Parrot Fiery-shouldered Conure Up to 209 eggs. (Psittaculirostris salvadorii) (Pyrrhura egregia) Hatched August 22, 1989 Hatched May 29, 1989 Houston Zoological Gardens Larry C. Shelton JerryJennings Curator of Birds for for Collared Aracari Long-tailed Cissa (Pteroglossus t. torquatus) (Cissa chinensis) HatchedJuly 15,1989 Hatched April 17, 1988 Dick Schroeder Joan Davis for for Fairy Lorikeet Great-billed Parrot (Charmosyna p. pulchella) (Tanygnathus megalorynchos) Hatched October 10, 1989 Hatched May 25, 1989 1989 Avy Appreciation 1989 Silver Avy Awards Awards Brian and Dorothy Maslinger Nancy Vigran for for outstanding service given to 1989 Show standards for Cockatiels
    [Show full text]
  • Volume 2. Animals
    AC20 Doc. 8.5 Annex (English only/Seulement en anglais/Únicamente en inglés) REVIEW OF SIGNIFICANT TRADE ANALYSIS OF TRADE TRENDS WITH NOTES ON THE CONSERVATION STATUS OF SELECTED SPECIES Volume 2. Animals Prepared for the CITES Animals Committee, CITES Secretariat by the United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre JANUARY 2004 AC20 Doc. 8.5 – p. 3 Prepared and produced by: UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge, UK UNEP WORLD CONSERVATION MONITORING CENTRE (UNEP-WCMC) www.unep-wcmc.org The UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre is the biodiversity assessment and policy implementation arm of the United Nations Environment Programme, the world’s foremost intergovernmental environmental organisation. UNEP-WCMC aims to help decision-makers recognise the value of biodiversity to people everywhere, and to apply this knowledge to all that they do. The Centre’s challenge is to transform complex data into policy-relevant information, to build tools and systems for analysis and integration, and to support the needs of nations and the international community as they engage in joint programmes of action. UNEP-WCMC provides objective, scientifically rigorous products and services that include ecosystem assessments, support for implementation of environmental agreements, regional and global biodiversity information, research on threats and impacts, and development of future scenarios for the living world. Prepared for: The CITES Secretariat, Geneva A contribution to UNEP - The United Nations Environment Programme Printed by: UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL, UK © Copyright: UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre/CITES Secretariat The contents of this report do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of UNEP or contributory organisations.
    [Show full text]
  • The Avicultural Society of New South Wales Inc. (ASNSW) Black Cockatoos
    The Avicultural Society of New South Wales Inc. (ASNSW) (Founded in 1940 as the Parrot & African Lovebird Society of Australia) Black Cockatoos (ASNSW The Avicultural Review - Volume 15 No. 3 April/May 1993) Among the most fascinating and majestic of our birds are the black cockatoos. The six species that fall into this descriptive group have colonised almost every area of Australia, adapting to a wide range of climates and landscapes. Few sights are more rewarding to the naturalist than seeing a party of these birds circling and wheeling high in the air, before descending on a stand of eucalypts or casuarinas. Introduction The black cockatoos are divided into three genera — Probisciger, Calyptorhynchus and Callocephalon. All are characterised by a dark or black body, strong beak and legs and feet well adapted for gripping. Nesting is carried out high in a tree, in a hollow limb, where one or two eggs are laid. Incubation is undertaken by the female, who is fed by the male during her time at the nest. The young, when they hatch, are naked and helpless, and will stay in the nest for about 10-12 weeks before venturing into the outside world. Large numbers of black cockatoos were taken for the pet trade before controls were introduced. Generally, the young were removed from the nest and raised by hand. If the nest was inaccessible, then the whole tree was cut down — a practice which effectively diminished the supply of nesting sites for future seasons. Today, the black cockatoos are fully protected, but destruction of habitat is still a threat as more areas are cleared for agriculture.
    [Show full text]
  • Uneven Missing Data Skew Phylogenomic Relationships Within the Lories and Lorikeets
    GBE Uneven Missing Data Skew Phylogenomic Relationships within the Lories and Lorikeets 1, 1,2 3 4 BrianTilstonSmith *, William M Mauck III , Brett W Benz ,andMichaelJAndersen 2021 August 26 on user History Natural of Museum American by https://academic.oup.com/gbe/article/12/7/1131/5848646 from Downloaded 1Department of Ornithology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York 2New York Genome Center, New York, New York 3Museum of Zoology and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan 4Department of Biology and Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico *Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected]. Accepted: 26 May 2020 Abstract The resolution of the Tree of Life has accelerated with advances in DNA sequencing technology. To achieve dense taxon sampling, it is often necessary to obtain DNA from historical museum specimens to supplement modern genetic samples. However, DNA from historical material is generally degraded, which presents various challenges. In this study, we evaluated how the coverage at variant sites and missing data among historical and modern samples impacts phylogenomic inference. We explored these patterns in the brush-tongued parrots (lories and lorikeets) of Australasia by sampling ultraconserved elements in 105 taxa. Trees estimated with low coverage characters had several clades where relationships appeared to be influenced by whether the sample came from historical or modern specimens, which were not observed when more stringent filtering was applied. To assess if the topologies were affected by missingdata,weperformedanoutlieranalysisofsitesandloci,andadatareductionapproachwhereweexcludedsitesbasedondata completeness. Depending on the outlier test, 0.15% of total sites or 38% of loci were driving the topological differences among trees, and at these sites, historical samples had 10.9Â more missing data than modern ones.
    [Show full text]
  • Probosciger Aterrimus), the Legacy of Landscape and Biogeographic History
    Cultural diversity and meta-population dynamics in Australian palm cockatoos (Probosciger aterrimus), the legacy of landscape and biogeographic history. Miles V. Keighley Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctorate of Philosophy at the Fenner school of Environment and Society, Australian National University Photo credit: Luke Burnett © Copyright by Miles Vernon Keighley 2017 All Rights Reserved I certify that the majority of this thesis is my own original work. I have acknowledged all cases where contributions have been made by others in the Author contribution sections of each chapter. A significant contribution was made by another author who wrote the supplementary methods section of Chapter 4 (2150 words) and conducted these methods and analyses. Signed: Miles Vernon Keighley Date: September 21, 2017 Acknowledgements This thesis would not have neared completion if it wasn’t for the encouragement and support of the wonderful people surrounding me; first and foremost, my patient and infectiously enthusiastic supervisors Rob Heinsohn and Naomi Langmore. Big thank you to Christina Zdeneck for passing on so much useful knowledge about palm cockatoo vocal behaviour and accommodating us during visits to Iron Range. My family deserve much of the credit for the piece presented before you. My mum, Carol encouraged me to accept the position that I had applied for in the first place, and Dad helped to support me through my off-scholarship year. Through long phone calls, my brother James helped align my perspective keeping me functioning mentally and emotionally during fieldwork, and my other brother Matthew did the same during write-up in Denmark. I owe much to Xénia for helping support me during most of my final year, and encouraging me over the significant hurdles involved with moving overseas and a nasty back injury.
    [Show full text]
  • Running Head: POULTRY, PARROTS, and PEOPLE
    Running head: POULTRY, PARROTS, AND PEOPLE Poultry, Parrots, and People: Exploring Psyche Through the Lens of Avian Captivity A dissertation submitted by Elizabeth MacLeod Burton-Crow to Pacifica Graduate Institute in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Depth Psychology with emphases in Community Psychology, Liberation Psychology, and Ecopsychology This dissertation has been accepted for the faculty of Pacifica Graduate Institute by: Dr. G. A. Bradshaw, Chair Dr. Craig Chalquist, Reader Dr. Jo-Ann Shelton, External Reader ProQuest Number:13425083 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. ProQuest 13425083 Published by ProQuest LLC ( 2018). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, MI 48106 - 1346 POULTRY, PARROTS, AND PEOPLE iii Abstract Poultry, Parrots, and People: Exploring Psyche Through the Lens of Avian Captivity by Elizabeth MacLeod Burton-Crow What was the last interaction you had with a bird? Was it a cordial conversation with a parrot or indirectly, as while devouring deviled eggs? The colorful ways in which avian and human lives are connected are as nuanced as they are pervasive. Perhaps this is unsurprising, given that globally, birds are held in captivity by the billions.
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolutionary Tree of Birds
    HANDBOOK OF BIRD BIOLOGY THE CORNELL LAB OF ORNITHOLOGY HANDBOOK OF BIRD BIOLOGY THIRD EDITION EDITED BY Irby J. Lovette John W. Fitzpatrick Editorial Team Rebecca M. Brunner, Developmental Editor Alexandra Class Freeman, Art Program Editor Myrah A. Bridwell, Permissions Editor Mya E. Thompson, Online Content Director iv This third edition first published 2016 © 2016, 2004, 1972 by Cornell University Edition history: Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology (1e, 1972); Princeton University Press (2e, 2004) Registered Office John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK Editorial Offices 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030‐5774, USA For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com/wiley‐blackwell. The right of the author to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher. Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners.
    [Show full text]