Albania: Overview of Political Corruption
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The Role of Constitutional Court of Albania on the Protection of Human Rights (The Albanian Perspective)
The Role Of Constitutional Court Of Albania On The Protection Of Human Rights (The Albanian Perspective) Bashkim Dedja President Constitutional Court of Albania Honorable Mr. President of the Constitutional Court of Turkey, Honorable colleagues, honorable participants, Constitutional review has been considered as an indispensable element, since a Constitution, however modern it might be, under any circumstances could not be perfect or uninterpretable. There is no doubt that the Constitution of Albania promotes the democratic values generally accepted by the western European countries and developed democracies. It has sanctioned the principles of constitutional democracy as: the rule of law, democracy, pluralism, separation of powers, human rights, human dignity, etc. The spirit and attitudes of this Constitution can be identified since the very beginning, in its Preamble: “We, the people of Albania, .... with determination to build a social and democratic state based on the rule of law, and to guarantee the human rights and freedoms ...”... establish this Constitution”. As it has been explicitly foreseen by article 15/2 of the Constitution, the organs of public power, in fulfilment of their duties, shall respect the fundamental rights and freedoms, as well as contribute to their realization. Furthermore, the organs of public power shall respect the constitutional values and principles, in order to subject their whole activity to the establishment and respect for the rule of law and social state. **** 322 Anayasa Yargısı 35 (2018) Let’s explain a little bit more from structural aspect the human rights part under the Constitution of Albania...., The second part of the Albanian Constitution “Fundamental Human Rights and Freedoms” is almost identical with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the European Convention on Human Rights. -
Judicial Corruption in Eastern Europe: an Examination of Causal Mechanisms in Albania and Romania Claire M
James Madison University JMU Scholarly Commons Senior Honors Projects, 2010-current Honors College Spring 2017 Judicial corruption in Eastern Europe: An examination of causal mechanisms in Albania and Romania Claire M. Swinko James Madison University Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/honors201019 Part of the International Relations Commons Recommended Citation Swinko, Claire M., "Judicial corruption in Eastern Europe: An examination of causal mechanisms in Albania and Romania" (2017). Senior Honors Projects, 2010-current. 334. https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/honors201019/334 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Honors College at JMU Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Senior Honors Projects, 2010-current by an authorized administrator of JMU Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Judicial Corruption in Eastern Europe: An Examination of Causal Mechanisms in Albania and Romania _______________________ An Honors Program Project Presented to the Faculty of the Undergraduate College of Arts and Letters James Madison University _______________________ by Claire Swinko May 2017 Accepted by the faculty of the Department of Political Science, James Madison University, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Honors Program. FACULTY COMMITTEE: HONORS PROGRAM APPROVAL: Project Advisor: John Hulsey, Ph.D., Bradley R. Newcomer, Ph.D., Associate Professor, Political Science Director, Honors Program Reader: John Scherpereel, Ph.D., Professor, Political Science Reader: Charles Blake, Ph. D., Professor, Political Science Dedication For my dad, who supports and inspires me everyday. You taught me to shoot for the stars, and I would not be half the person I am today with out you. -
The Case of Albania During the Enver Hoxha Era
Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe Volume 40 Issue 6 Article 8 8-2020 State-Sponsored Atheism: The Case of Albania during the Enver Hoxha Era İbrahim Karataş Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/ree Part of the Eastern European Studies Commons, Policy History, Theory, and Methods Commons, Religion Commons, and the Soviet and Post-Soviet Studies Commons Recommended Citation Karataş, İbrahim (2020) "State-Sponsored Atheism: The Case of Albania during the Enver Hoxha Era," Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe: Vol. 40 : Iss. 6 , Article 8. Available at: https://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/ree/vol40/iss6/8 This Peer-Reviewed Article is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons @ George Fox University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe by an authorized editor of Digital Commons @ George Fox University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STATE-SPONSORED ATHEISM: THE CASE OF ALBANIA DURING THE ENVER HOXHA ERA By İbrahim Karataş İbrahim Karataş graduated from the Department of International Relations at the Middle East Technical University in Ankara in 2001. He took his master’s degree from the Istanbul Sababattin Zaim University in the Political Science and International Relations Department in 2017. He subsequently finished his Ph.D. program from the same department and the same university in 2020. Karataş also worked in an aviation company before switching to academia. He is also a professional journalist in Turkey. His areas of study are the Middle East, security, and migration. ORCID: 0000-0002-2125-1840. -
Albania the Drafting Process for the 1998 Albanian Constitution, Scott
THE DRAFTING PROCESS FOR THE 1998 ALBANIAN CONSTITUTION Scott N. Carlson INTRODUCTION With its adoption of a new constitution in 1998, the Republic of Albania joined the ranks of other Central and East European nations who have now adopted democratic constitutions. For Albania, the new constitution provides a historic foundation upon which to forge an independent, democratic future. Throughout recent history, Albania has endured domination and rigid control at the hands of regional powers, and even when independent, the country has suffered under autocracy. The most egregious example of the latter, the Stalinist dictator, Enver Hoxha, led post-World War II Albania into 45 years of exile from the international community. With its adoption of a democratic constitution, Albania took a significant step towards solidifying its democracy and joining the community of nations who rely on constitutions to structure and safeguard their democratic systems of government. While the history of domination and isolation does not fully explain Albania’s delay in the adoption of a new constitution, it does shape the context in which constitutional reform developed. In particular, it helps to explain the lack of constitutional materials in the Albanian language, the lack of familiarity and experience with modern democratic institutions and human rights, and both international and local agreement on the necessity for extensive foreign input. The introduction of a new constitutional system or structure necessarily entails challenges. Even a completely tried and tested system or structure may fail when introduced into a new environment. The process of legal transplantation is a delicate one, and the host state can reject the introduction of foreign legal concepts for a variety of reasons. -
Corruption Assessment Report Albania
CORRUPTION ASSESSMENT REPORT ALBANIA Copyright © 2016, Albanian Center for Economic Research (ACER), South-East Europe Leadership for Development and Integrity (SELDI) Acknowledgments This report was prepared by ACER under guidance from the Center for the Study of Democracy (CSD, Sofia - Bulgaria) within the framework of SELDI network. Research coordination and report preparation: Zef Preci (ACER) Brunilda Kosta (ACER) Eugena Topi (ACER) Lorena Zajmi (ACER) Field research: Fatmir Memaj (Albanian Socio-Economic Think Tank, ASET) Dhimiter Tole (Faculty of Economy, University of Tirana) Sincere thanks are expressed to the staff engaged with dedication and professionalism in the field work carried for the project survey. Project Associates in Albania: House of Europe, Tirana (Albania) Associated partners in Albania: Albanian Media Institute (AMI), Albania Institute for Democracy and Mediation, Albania We would like to acknowledge the contribution to the report of Mr. Ruslan Stefanov (CSD) and Ms Daniela Mineva (CSD). The survey, in which the current report is based, has followed the Corruption Monitoring System methodology. Mr. Alexander Gerganov (Vitosha Research) has provided methodological guidance and instructions in carrying out the survey and delivering the results. This publication has been produced with the financial assistance of the European Union. The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of the SELDI initiative and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Union. 1 Project Title: Civil Society -
Euro European and International Law National
JURIDICA European and International Law Governance of Human Rights in Albania Kasem CENAJ1, Myzafer ELEZI 2 Abstract: Restriction or control of democratic process itself for the executive power constitutes the essence of good governance and fair. As related to the quality of governance, are also issues of guarantees, respect and protection of fundamental freedoms and human rights. Significant role, in the process of governance, has the right to information, the right to dialogue, participation, those actions related to public activity. European Convention of Human Rights is the basic principles of all member states of the Council of Europe, to show and measured democracies values, peace and justice. All member countries, including Albania have included in the normative provisions, laws on human rights, based on the principles and decisions of the European Convention on Human Rights, which was developed in the 4 November 1950. The purpose of the article is to give an overview of governance of human rights in Albania. For the realization of the article are exploiting academic publications and official reports of important organizations and institutions. The article made analyze of important international Convents of Human Rights and the legal framework of human rights in Albania, to evaluate the governance of human rights. Keywords: human rights; governance; European Convent of Human Right; Albanian Constitution; Committee of Helsinki 1. Introduction Governance is the complex logical operations within a body or entity in accordance with their properties and the district. Governance has to do with the structure, practices and character of leadership, management, supervision, and care exercised by taking responsibility for a particular entity, in order to effectively carry out its mission, and to meet its goals and objectives. -
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Çmimi 20 lekë, 1 euro, 1 USD, Tel: 2382 019 Rr.Sitki Çiço përballë Maternitetit të Ri E-mail: [email protected] Faqe 13 Spiro Ksera dhe kryepeshkopi Janullatos 20 trajnojnë ekstremistët lekë grekë për aneksimin e Shqipërisë së Jugut, ja BOTUES: SOT NEWS E Premte 13 Dhjetor 2013 fotot kompromentuese Flamur Noka: Perlat Çullhaj ngarkoi 1.1 ton drogë në peshkarexhë, e bllokuan italianët Faqe 3 Drejtori i Policisë së Durrësit akuzohet si i implikuar në trafikun e drogës, kaloi 1.1 ton drogë në Itali Shqipëria humbet statusin për herë të katërt, Hollanda konfirmon votën Raporti i Uashingtonit: kundër, kërkon prova në luftën kundër korrupsionit Shqipëria rrezikon të humbasë statusin për herë të katërt për shkak të klasës politike, duke shënuar një precedent të turpshëm në historinë e Pushtetarët e Sali Berishës zgjerimit të Bashkimit Evropian. Pavarësisht ro- tacionit paqësor politik dhe aksionet e fundit në luftën kundër korrupsionit... Faqe 7 nxorën 200 milionë euro Ngjela: Statusi u bllokua se janë prishur marrëdhëniet me SHBA Kryetari i Partisë Ligj dhe Drejtësi, Spartak jashtë vendit, fshehën Ngjela, ka deklaruar se arsyeja e mosmarrjes së statusit kandidat të Shqipërisë, vjen si pasojë e ftohjes së marrëdhënieve me Shtetet e Bashkuara të Amerikës. Avokati Spartak Ngjela, e argumen- Faqe 2 toi deklaratën e tij me faktin... paratë e korrupsionit Faqe 6 Taulant Balla: 23 vjetori i PD, themeluesit braktisin festën e dyshes Do konfiskojmë Berisha-Basha, marrin pjesë Meta, Vasili, Dule dhe Arvizu paratë e Demokratët kanë festuar dje 23 vjetorin e themelimit të Partisë Demokratike. Festa e orga- korrupsionit të nizuar dhe e dominuar nga dyshja Berisha-Basha është bojkotuar nga themeluesit dhe figurat krye- ministrave të sore të kësaj partie ndër vite. -
Project Against Corruption in Albania (Paca)
PROJECT AGAINST CORRUPTION IN ALBANIA (PACA) TECHNICAL PAPER CORRUPTION IN THE ALBANIAN EDUCATION SYSTEM Prepared by: Pellumb Karameta, Council of Europe Expert, August 2010 ECD/31/2010 Table of Contents INTRODUCTION/EXECUTIVE SUMMARY...............................................................................................................3 1 CORRUPTION IN EDUCATION: CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK ..................................................................3 1.1 Definition of corruption in education ...................................................................................3 1.2 Types of corruption in the education system.......................................................................3 1.3 Loci of corruption.....................................................................................................................4 1.4 Impact ........................................................................................................................................5 1.5 Opportunities for corruption: internal and external factors ..............................................5 2 POLICIES TO FIGHT CORRUPTION IN THE ALBANIAN EDUCATION SYSTEM .......................................7 2.1 Policy in Albania ......................................................................................................................8 2.2 How to reduce corruption ....................................................................................................10 2.2.1 Creation and maintenance of transparent regulatory systems ......................................................11 -
The Contribution of the Venice Commission on to the Albanian Legal System Dr
International Journal of Law and Interdisciplinary Legal Studies | 5 JP1. DK15-8106 THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE VENICE COMMISSION ON TO THE ALBANIAN LEGAL SYSTEM DR. JONIDA MEHMETAJ1 ABSTRACT In their legal activity, states are often assisted by international actors to draft their legislative acts in line with international standards. One of these bodies is the Venice Commission, a Council of Europe body that, through its Opinions and legal advice, assists and supervises states in complying with the principles of democracy. The present study addresses the case of Albania and its relationship with the Commission. It seeks to identify the impact of the Opinions announced by the Commission on Albania and the issues for which it was necessary to submit a request for an Opinion. A recent case in which the Venice Commission has lent its expertise to Albania is the undertaking of a reform of the justice system. In this difficult process, the Venice Commission’s recent Opinions have served as a guide for taking appropriate steps and for adopting a reform that guarantees an efficient and impartial justice system. Key words: Opinions, Contribution, Venice Commission, Albania, Justice reform INTRODUCTION The European Commission for Democracy Through Law, otherwise known as the Venice Commission, has continuously contributed to Albania through its Opinions on legal issues. Albania’s relationship with the Venice Commission has been long-lived, since the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe in 1995 expressed a favourable Opinion on Albania's application for membership in the Council of Europe (Parliamentary Assembly, 1995). The ratification of the Statute of the Council of Europe on 13 July 1995 and its entry into force on that day enabled Albania to become a member of the Council of Europe. -
Albania: Military Review 2012
TRAINING AND DOCTRINE COMMAND MILITARY REVIEW Security and Defence Review Training and Doctrine Command Third Edition, June 2012 Tirana, June 2012 ‐ 1 ‐ Board of Military Review Publication Approved by the Order of the Minister of Defense No. 1538, dated 18/08/2010 Board Chair B.G. Prof. Asc. Dr. Agim Lala Members Col.(R) Thimi Hudhra Col. Perikli Koliçi M.G. (R) Prof. Dr. Ruzhdi Gjatoja M.G. (R) Prof. Dr. Kostaq Karoli Editor in chief Pano Hallko Editor Silvana Markgjonaj Operator Lindita Kuçana Art design Teuta Mullisi ISSN 2227-8133 (Print), ISSN 2227-8141 (Online) Copyright © 2012 All rights reserved. The Center for Defence Analyses (CDA) of the Albanian Training and Doctrine Command. The views and opinions expressed in this Military Review are of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official policies or positions of the Ministry of Defence, General Staff and Training and Doctrine Command. The authors of Military Review articles will not be subject to punishment for free expression of individual views and positions even if they are not in line with the official positions of the defence institution. The authors are also responsible for any slander actions, distortions of facts, offense and plagiarism aspects to the creativity and thoughts of other authors. This edition of Military Review is found on the website http://www.tradoc.mil.al/ In case you can not get the information you need on the Internet, please apply for a copy at the electronic address: e-mail: [email protected] or [email protected] Training and Doctrine Command Center for Defence Analyses Research Publications Branch Printed: June 2012 ‐ 2 ‐ TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION_____________________________________________________________5 On the Process Strategy of “Smart Defence”________________________________________6 Address by Albanian Minister of Defence Mr. -
1 Replies Provided by Albanian Institutions Related With
Replies provided by Albanian institutions related with the Questionnaire of Human Rights Council Resolution 24/16 on “The role of prevention in the promotion and protection of human rights”. 1. a . Please describe legislative, juridical, administrative and other measures aimed at prevention of human rights violations and abuses in place at the domestic level, both with regard to direct prevention (aiming to prevent violations from occurring by reducing the risk factors that cause violations) and indirect prevention aimed at ensuring non-recurrence through investigation and addressing causes of violations as well as accountability). In 1998, the Government of Albania adopted the new Constitution of Albania. The Constitution advances the principles of equality and nondiscrimination, as well as the protection and respect for human dignity, rights, and freedoms. The Albanian government, is commited for the respectation of human rights and prevention of their violation. In this regard, the Albanian government is continuously focused on promoting the rights of women, as a priority for the development of the country. For achieving the above, and aiming the improvement of women’s social status and gender equality, concrete improvement of the legal framework, development of new policies, programs and administrative measures are in process. A legislative measure aiming the prevention of human rights violations and abuses, is the adoption of the Law “On Protection from Discrimination" , which entered into force on 13 March, 2010. This Law, is a concrete step forward, on the protection of human rights in the Albanian legislation, taking into account the spirit of the international documents, and at the same time, a concrete step for meeting the European standards. -
Democracy in Albania: Shortcomings of Civil Society in Democratization Due to the Communist Regime’S Legacy
Undergraduate Journal of Global Citizenship Volume 2 Issue 1 Article 2 11-25-2014 Democracy in Albania: Shortcomings of Civil Society in Democratization due to the Communist Regime’s Legacy Klevisa Kovaci Fairfield University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.fairfield.edu/jogc Recommended Citation Kovaci, Klevisa (2014) "Democracy in Albania: Shortcomings of Civil Society in Democratization due to the Communist Regime’s Legacy," Undergraduate Journal of Global Citizenship: Vol. 2 : Iss. 1 , Article 2. Available at: https://digitalcommons.fairfield.edu/jogc/vol2/iss1/2 This item has been accepted for inclusion in DigitalCommons@Fairfield by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Fairfield. It is brought to you by DigitalCommons@Fairfield with permission from the rights- holder(s) and is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/or on the work itself. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Democracy in Albania: Shortcomings of Civil Society in Democratization due to the Communist Regime’s Legacy Cover Page Footnote The author gives a special acknowledgement to Dr. Terry-Ann Jones and Dr. David McFadden of Fairfield University, and to Ms. Elena Shomos for their insights. This article is available in Undergraduate Journal of Global Citizenship: https://digitalcommons.fairfield.edu/jogc/ vol2/iss1/2 Kovaci: Democracy in Albania II.