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Personalien 2 014 PERSONALIEN 2 014 BEILEGER ZUM JAHRESBERICHT DER MAX-PLANCK-GESELLSCHAFT INHALTSVERZEICHNIS RUFANNAHMEN ZUM WISSENSCHAFTLICHEN MITGLIED 4 Alessandra Buonanno 5 Paola Caselli 6 Iain Couzin 7 Patrick Cramer 8 Russell Gray 9 Gerald Haug 10 Moritz Helmstaedter 11 Jim Hinton 12 Johannes Krause 13 Tanja Michalsky 14 Mikko Myrskylä 15 Stuart Parkin 16 Thomas Pfeifer 17 David Poeppel 18 Stefan Raunser 19 Tobias Ritter 20 Angel Rubio 21 Hélène Ruiz Fabri 22 Metin Sitti 23 Arne Traulsen 24 Stefan Vogenauer 25 FÖRDERNDE MITGLIEDER EMERITIERTE WISSENSCHAFTLICHE MITGLIEDER 29 NACHRUFE Manuel Cardona Hans-Peter Dürr Leo De Maeyer Hubert Markl Peter G. Mezger Hermann Ulrich Schmidt Helmut Steinberger Hans F. Zacher RUFANNAHMEN ALESSANDRA BUONANNO MAX-PLANCK-INSTITUT FÜR GrAVITATIONSPHYSIK (ALBERT-EINSTEIN-INSTITUT), POTSDAM UND HANNOVER Gravitationswellen auf der Spur Die italienisch-amerikanische Physikerin Alessandra Alessandra Buonanno studierte Physik an der Universi- Buonanno ist seit September 2014 neue Direktorin am tät Pisa (Italien), wo sie 1993 ihren Master-Abschluss MPI für Gravitationsphysik in Potsdam-Golm. Von der erlangte und 1996 auch in theoretischer Physik promo- Universität Maryland, USA, wechselte sie ans Bran- vierte. Nach kurzem Aufenthalt in der Theorie-Abteilung denburger Institut und trat dort die Nachfolge des des CERN arbeitete sie als Post-Doc am Institut des emeritierten Gründungsdirektors Bernard F. Schutz an. Hautes Etudes Scientifiques (IHES) in Frankreich und am Alessandra Buonanno ist eine theoretische Physikerin, California Institute of Technology in den USA. Sie war die auf dem Gebiet der Gravitationswellenphysik und der Wissenschaftlerin am Institut d‘Astrophysique de Paris Kosmologie arbeitet. Die Schwerpunkte ihrer Forschung (IAP) und dem Laboratoire Astroparticule et Cosmologie liegen auf der analytischen Modellierung der Dynamik (APC) in Paris – beides Einrichtungen des Centre Natio- Schwarzer Löcher und der dabei entstehenden Gravi- nal de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) – bevor sie als tationsstrahlung, dem Interface zwischen analytischer Physikprofessorin an die University of Maryland ging. und numerischer Relativitätstheorie und der Suche Dort wurde Buonanno durch die Alfred P. Sloan-Stiftung nach Gravitationswellen mit den bodenbasierten De- gefördert. Sie war außerdem Radcliffe Fellow am Rad- tektoren LIGO (Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave cliffe Institute for Advanced Study der Harvard Univer- Observatory), GEO600 und Virgo. Sie hat darüber hinaus sity. Sie ist Fellow der International Society on General erforscht, wie hochentwickelte Optiken für Laserinter- Relativity and Gravitation und der American Physical ferometer ausgelegt sein müssen, die die Raffinessen Society. Seit Herbst 2014 ist sie College Park Professor der Quantenmechanik nutzen, um eine noch bessere an der University of Maryland und hat einen „Distingu- Empfindlichkeit zu erreichen. Die Untersuchung physika- ished Visiting Research Chair“ am Perimeter Institute in lischer Mechanismen, die im frühen Universum zur Ab- Kanada inne. strahlung von Gravitationswellen führten, gehört eben- falls zu Buonannos Forschungsinteressen. „Professor Alessandra Buonanno ist in der internationa- len Gemeinschaft der Gravitationswellenforscher sehr anerkannt. Ihre fachliche Kompetenz ist genau das, was das Institut jetzt braucht: In drei oder vier Jahren rech- nen wir mit der ersten Messung von Gravitationswellen, und die Breite ihrer Forschungsinteressen passt hervor- ragend in das wissenschaftliche Gesamtprogramm des Instituts. Ich freue mich sehr, an eine so begabte junge Physikerin übergeben zu können“, sagt Buonannos Vor- gänger, Professor Bernard F. Schutz. 4 RUFANNAHMEN PAOLA CASELLI MAX-PLANCK-INSTITUT FÜR EXTRATErrESTRISCHE PHYSIK, GARCHING Molekülwolken im Kosmos Mit der italienischen Astrophysikerin Paola Caselli sind Die Astrochemie erforscht auch, welche Mechanismen wieder vier Direktoren und Direktorinnen am MPI für eventuell die Häufigkeit einzelner Moleküle beeinflus- extraterrestrische Physik tätig. Caselli baut in Garching sen: So hat Caselli nachgewiesen, dass die Häufigkeit ein neues Zentrum für astrochemische Studien auf. Sie des oft gemessenen Kohlenmonoxids (auf der Erde ein untersucht vor allem Molekülwolken in Sternentste- für den Menschen giftiges Gas) stark schwankt, weil das hungsgebieten. Kohlenmonoxid an kosmische Staubteilchen adsorbiert wird und damit nicht mehr spektroskopisch nachweisbar Die Astrochemie befasst sich mit der Verteilung von ist. Ihre neue Abteilung arbeitet auf drei verschiedenen chemischen Elemente und chemischen Verbindungen Gebieten: Einmal in der konkreten astrophysikalischen im Weltall außerhalb unseres Sonnensystems. Die Wis- Beobachtung und der Datenanalyse. Die Phänomene, senschaftler untersuchen dabei kosmische Gas- und die man erwartet, versuchen die Wissenschaftler zwei- Molekülwolken, die sich in Sternentstehungsgebieten tens im Rechner zu simulieren; drittens schließlich soll es befinden. Das Sternenlicht, das durch die Wolken fällt, eine Gruppe geben, die die Verhältnisse im Kosmos im kann spektroskopisch analysiert werden und zeigt, wie Labor „nachbaut“. Dieser Dreiklang von Beobachtung, die Wolken zusammengesetzt sind. Der häufig ge- Laborexperiment und Simulation ist für Caselli wohl nur brauchte Begriff der „Kosmochemie“ umfasst dagegen an einem Max-Planck-Institut zu realisieren. meist die Analyse der Chemie unseres Sonnensystems, die unter anderem auch durch Meteorite oder Kometen Paola Caselli wurde 1966 in Italien geboren, ihren Mas- zugänglich ist. terabschluss erlangte sie 1990 in Bologna, wo sie 1994 auch promovierte. Für ihre Dissertation hatte sie längere Paola Caselli untersucht vor allem „prä-stellare Wolken“, Zeit in den USA an der Ohio State University und am das sind besonders dichte Regionen in den großen Gas- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics geforscht. wolken im Kosmos, die sich zusammenziehen und eine Zwischen 1995 und 2007 war Caselli am italienischen Vorstufe der Sternentstehung darstellen. Dieses For- Observatorium für Astrophysik in Florenz tätig, danach schungsgebiet ist so interessant, weil die Wissenschaft- wurde sie als Professorin nach Leeds berufen. ler im kosmischen Staub immer neue überraschende Moleküle teilweise in großen Mengen entdecken. Caselli war an der Entdeckung von großen Mengen Wasser in einer prä-stellaren Wolke mit dem Herschel-Weltraum- teleskop beteiligt: Die gemessene Menge an Wasser- dampf würden ausreichen, um die Erd-Ozeane 2000 mal zu füllen, das gefundene Wassereis entspricht dem 2,6fachen der Masse des Jupiters – dem größten Pla- neten unseres Sonnensystems. Auch Kohlenstoffverbin- dungen wie Kohlenmonoxid und andere kleine kohlen- stoffhaltige Moleküle sind darunter. „In der unwirtlichen Umgebung des interstellaren Raumes finden die ersten Schritte in Richtung Leben statt“ kommentierte Caselli die Entdeckung in einem Interview. 5 RUFANNAHMEN IAIN COUZIN MAX-PLANCK-INSTITUT FÜR ORNITHOLOGIE, SEEWIESEN UND RADOLFZELL, TEILINSTITUT RADOLFZELL Die Weisheit des Schwarms Das Teilinstitut des MPI für Ornithologie in Radolfzell von anderen Tieren werden, während der Schwarm vor am Bodensee verfügt jetzt über zwei Abteilungen: Der Verfolgern Schutz verspricht. Biologe Iain Couzin baut seit Herbst 2014 seine Abtei- lung Collective Behaviour auf. Couzin ist ein weltweit Iain Couzin wurde zusätzlich von der Eliteuniversität Kon- anerkannter Forscher für das Schwarmverhalten von stanz zum Ordentlichen Professor berufen, wo auch der Organismen. Hauptsitz seiner Abteilung ist. Couzin wird sich in den kommenden Jahren auf die Einbettung von Tierschwär- Viele Organismen wie Vögel, Heuschrecken, Fische men in künstliche Realitäten konzentrieren, um so den oder auch Menschen bilden Schwärme und Gruppen; emergenten Fähigkeiten von Kollektiven noch besser auf statt den einzelnen Organismus zu untersuchen, erfor- die Spur zu kommen. schen Biologen, Physiker und auch Soziologen seit ei- nigen Jahren das Verhalten von großen Kollektiven von Iain D. Couzin wurde 1974 in Edinburgh geboren. Er Individuen, egal ob es Menschen oder Tiere sind. Häufig studierte Biologie an der Universität von St. Andrews in ist bei Tieren wenig über den Antrieb zur Wanderung Großbritannien und promovierte an der Universität von und zur Schwarmbildung bekannt. Couzin forscht zu Bath. Danach lehrte und forschte er an der Universität genau diesem Thema, er hat zahlreiche Arbeiten über von Leeds und an der Universität Oxford. 2003 wur- Schwarmverhalten und -dynamik und auch über die Ent- de er „Junior Research Fellow“ am Balliol College in scheidungsfindung von Tieren veröffentlicht. Die mathe- Oxford, von 2005 bis 2007 war er „Royal Society Uni- matischen Modelle, die er benutzt, lassen sich teilweise versity Research Fellow“. 2007 ging er in die USA nach auch auf Fußgänger oder sogar einzelne Zellen, aber Princeton, wo er zunächst Assistant Professor und 2013 auch auf komplexe Systeme anwenden. Full Professor wurde. Er erhielt für seine Arbeiten zahl- reiche Preise, so etwa 2008 den hochdotierten Searle Eine seiner ersten großen Arbeiten drehte sich um Scholar Award und 2012 den Emerging Explorer Award einen Klassiker der Schwarmbiologie, um Heuschre- des National Geographic Magazine. Mehrere seiner Arti- ckenschwärme: Im Jahr 2006 wies er nach, dass die kel gehörten zu den fünf bzw. zehn am häufigsten zitier- Massen-Wanderung von Mormonen-Grillen (biologisch ten im jeweiligen Fachgebiet. Als Gastprofessor lehrte er gehören diese „Grillen“ zu den Heuschrecken),
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