sustainability Article Prioritizing Green Spaces for Biodiversity Conservation in Beijing Based on Habitat Network Connectivity Zhiyuan Lv 1, Jun Yang 1,2, Ben Wielstra 3,4, Jie Wei 1, Fei Xu 1 and Yali Si 1,5,* 1 Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
[email protected] (Z.L.);
[email protected] (J.Y.);
[email protected] (J.W.);
[email protected] (F.X.) 2 Joint Center for Global Change Studies (JCGCS), Beijing 100875, China 3 Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9500, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands;
[email protected] 4 Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands 5 Center for Healthy Cities, Institute for China Sustainable Urbanization, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China * Correspondence:
[email protected]; Tel.: +86-010-62772750 Received: 19 February 2019; Accepted: 2 April 2019; Published: 5 April 2019 Abstract: Rapid urbanization results in changes in land use, biogeochemical cycles, climate, hydrosystems, and biodiversity. Policy-makers have formulated ecological protection measures to facilitate sustainable development. However, traditional conservation planning mainly focuses on protecting specific green spaces, with limited consideration of the connectivity among green spaces from a habitat network perspective. Using citizen science data and occupancy modelling, we predicted habitat suitability, built habitat networks and identified key habitat patches based on their contribution to the functional connectivity of the habitat network for three focal water, forest, and open-habitat bird species. Based on the habitat requirement, small waterbodies and intermediate forest and open-habitat cover facilitate preserving water, forest and open-habitat birds.