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Plankning Och Transkribering FG1299 Självständigt arbete, grundnivå inom lärarprogram (musik som ämne 2), 15 hp Ämneslärarexamen med inriktning mot arbete i gymnasieskolan 2021 Institutionen för musik, pedagogik och samhälle (MPS) Handledare: Viveka Hellström Rasmus Tholin Plankning och transkribering Influenser för solospel på trumset ! Sammanfattning Att härma och hitta inspiration från förebilder har varit vardaglig praxis under jazzhistorien. Genom att appropriera (Säljö, 2014), lägger individer beslag på andra individers kunskap och omvandla det till egen kunskap. Senare i externaliseringen (Bruner, 2002) synliggörs kunskapen i handling. I denna studie har metoderna plankning och transkribering undersökts som verktyg för att utveckla eget solospel på trumspel. Genom att följa den egna läroprocessen undersöktes också hur man pedagogiskt kan använda plankning och transkribering som metod för att bidra till konstnärlig utveckling. Den musikgenre som behandlas i studien är jazz, där trumslagaren Max Roach solospel använts genom valda exempel. I resultatet presenteras en jämförelse av två egna trumsolon där ett spelades in i början och ett i slutet av studien. Läroprocessen i övningsrummet och under instrumentallektioner har dokumenteras med hjälp av loggbok. Resultatet visar att en del fraser har härmats exakt och en del har härmats rytmiskt men med en egen konstnärlig prägel. Vid en egen konstnärlig prägel av en exakt rytm har en antydan till ett mer självständigt solospel påträffats och plankning och transkribering har visat sig fungera som metod för att utveckla solospel, men metoden är tidskrävande. Nyckelord: Jazz, improvisation, trumset, Max Roach, plankning, transkribering Innehållsförteckning 1. Inledning och bakgrund ..........................................................................................................1 1.1.Bakgrund ..........................................................................................................................2 1.1.1. Improvisation på trumset .........................................................................................2 1.1.2. Mimesis, externalisering och mästarlära .................................................................3 1.1.3. Plankning och transkribering ...................................................................................4 1.1.4. Max Roach ...............................................................................................................6 1.2.Syfte .................................................................................................................................7 2. Metod ......................................................................................................................................7 2.1.1. Plankning och transkribering ...................................................................................7 2.1.2. Introspektion och loggbok .......................................................................................7 2.2.Genomförande ..................................................................................................................8 2.2.1. Urval av låtar ...........................................................................................................9 2.2.2. Urval av kompgrupp ..............................................................................................10 2.2.3. Plankning och transkribering av Max Roach .........................................................10 2.2.4. Övning och loggbok ...............................................................................................12 2.3.Jämförelse ......................................................................................................................13 3. Resultat.................................................................................................................................. 13 3.1.Sammanfattning av loggbok ..........................................................................................13 3.2.Skillnader i solo 1 och solo 2 .........................................................................................14 3.3.Influenser från Max Roach i solo 2 ................................................................................16 3.3.1. Sammanfattning av solon .......................................................................................17 3.4.Sammanfattning av resultat ............................................................................................18 4. Diskussion .............................................................................................................................18 4.1.Pedagogiskt ....................................................................................................................18 4.2.Konstnärlig utveckling och självständigt solospel .........................................................20 4.3.Metod .............................................................................................................................20 Referenser .................................................................................................................................22 Bilaga 1 – Sandu .......................................................................................................................25 Bilaga 2 – Off My Back Jack ...................................................................................................26 Bilaga 3 – Solo 1 ......................................................................................................................27 Bilaga 4 – Solo 2 ......................................................................................................................28 1. Inledning och bakgrund Det här arbetet har inspirerats av diskussioner och samtal på platser där jag träffat människor som brinner för musik. Diskussionerna och samtalen har handlat om improvisation och musikaliskt uttryck. Jag har diskuterat med lärare, musiker, studiekamrater både på gymnasiet, folkhögskola och högskola. Jag har spelat trummor sen jag började fjärdeklass och har haft turen att ha många inspirerande lärare. Många har nämnt plankning och transkribering som metod för att lära sig frasera, improvisera och få ett jazzigt sound. I denna studie vill jag testa plankning och transkribering som metod för att utveckla mitt eget solospel på trummor. Jag kommer göra det utifrån en framstående pionjär i jazzhistorien, trumslagaren Max Roach. I gymnasiet läste jag kursen musikimprovisation och vi fick aldrig spela på våra egna instrument eller spela tillsammans. Många av lektionerna gick ut på att göra bakgrunder i Garageband och sedan fick en studiekamrat spela ett solo på piano över bakgrunden. Skolverket (2011) anger följande gällande det centrala innehållet för kursen musikimprovisation: • Spel, alternativt sång, i gehörsbaserad musik. • Musikaliska stilar och musikaliska strukturer, melodiska, harmoniska och rytmiska element. Musikteoretiska begrepp till grund för improvisation. • Fria improvisationer, musikalisk lek och spontanitet. Experimenterande med musikaliskt material. • Byggstenar för improvisation, till exempel modus, skalor och musikaliska former. • Interaktion, samspel och kommunikation med medmusiker Det centrala innehållet är vad undervisningen ska behandla då kursen ska ge eleverna förmågor att utveckla improvisation. Melodiska, harmoniska och rytmiska element är grunden till musikaliska stilar och strukturer som vi skapar. Dessa element kan individer utveckla till byggstenar för improvisation, fria improvisationer, experimenterande, musikalisk lek och spontanitet samt att göra det i interaktion med andra. Av de övningar och examinationer som !1 genomfördes i kursen saknade jag dessa kriterier för det egna instrumentet. Därför kommer denna studie utgå från det egna instrumentet då mina tidigare lärare har nämnt att man kan utveckla fraser och improvisation med plankning och transkribering som metod. Oavsett resultatet i denna undersökning är förhoppningen att det leder till insikter om plankning och transkribering som kan vara användbara i undervisning i trumspel och ensemblespel. 1.1.Bakgrund Det här kapitlet innehåller en genomgång av improvisation på trumset, begreppen mimesis, externalisering, mästarlära, plankning, transkribering samt en presentation av trumslagaren Max Roach. 1.1.1. Improvisation på trumset Det egna skapandet är en del av vår existens enligt Nachmanovitch (2010). Han ser improvisation som något vi alla använder i vardagen till exempel inom språk, författarskap, musik, vardagliga situationer som matlagning och konversationer. I det här arbetet hamnar improvisation inom kontexten musik och improvisation på trumset. Larsson (2019) behandlar improvisation i grundskolans musikundervisning och anser att det är viktigt att beskriva vad improvisation är för något, hur och varför vi lär oss improvisation samt diskutera innebörden av begreppet. Detta arbete behandlar trumsolon. En av de första inspelningarna av trumsetet som soloinstrument inom jazzgenren är från 1923, med Paul Specht "s band The Georgians. På låten Land of the Cotton blues kan den som lyssnar höra 21-åriga Chauncey Morehouse spela ett solo på en virvel med vispar1, solot är totalt 32 takter långt och Chauncey spelar 9 takter helt själv utan ackompanjemang (Ball, 2018). Under jazz-historien finns flera olika sätt att spela på ett trumset. Musikgenren som behandlas i min egen undersökning är jazz, närmare bestämt bebop. Trumspelet ändrades i och med bebopens inträde under 1940-talet. Från att vara
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