A Survey on Solar Powered Autonomous Multipurpose Agricultural Robot

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Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Innovative Mechanisms for Industry Applications (ICIMIA 2020) IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP20K58-ART; ISBN: 978-1-7281-4167-1 A Survey on Solar Powered Autonomous Multipurpose Agricultural Robot

Prof.Shweta Madiwalar Dr.Sujata Patil M.Tech Electronics and Communication Engineering Ph.D. Electronics and Communication Engineering KLE Dr.M.S.Sheshagiri College of Engineering and KLE Dr.M.S.Sheshagiri College of Engineering and Technology Technology Belagavi, India Belagavi, India [email protected] [email protected]

Nikhila Sunita Meti, Domanal, Kaveri ugare B.E Electronics and Communication Engineering KLE Dr.M.S.Sheshagiri College of Engineering and Technology Belagavi, India

Abstract—Agriculture is considered as one of the most important products. Lag in collecting, spreading and improper seedbed economic activities in India. This paper deals with trade and preparation reduces the yield of the crop. Hence, the development of low cost, low power and less human effort robot modernization of automation in the field of agriculture helps in the agronomic applications. Agricultural automata are widely to overcome from the above challenges [6]. To beat these real used at the collecting phase, tunneling, cultivating and seeding. time issues automatic robots were used . This robot is intended to reduce the farmer’s effort. The designed Robotics techniques are efficient for achieving the tasks such as automatic cultivating, seed providing, water sprinkling, The main goal of developing farming automation knowledge insecticide spraying and Grassland wounding with the help of is to moderate the labor energy[7]. Automation and artificial solar energy. Seeds are spread in 4 rackets at a single instant. intelligence accomplishments offers solutions in precision Initially, the robot digs the complete field concurrently providing agriculture. The works related to scattering, collecting, seeds adjacent by side and finishes the required actions in a unwanted plant control. to recover the efficiency. Robots were robotic mode with embedded programs. For a labor-intensive designed based on the flexible automatic bending joints [8]. control, the robot uses the remote controller as android app. The applications of instrumental robotics taking the track over

the entire world to cover the additional areas with required

Keywords—robot. solar energy, picking, digging, cultivating, seed robotics, substituting human operators provides effective dispensing, insecticide, scattering. results to the uncountable problems with higher competence [9]. An advanced idea of our paper is to automate the I.INTRODUCTION procedure of planting, cultivating, pesticide spraying and tunneling to decrease the humanoid effort and increase the In Indian economy farming plays significant role. The major harvest. The farming of seeds are robotically done by DC challenges of skilled man power which helps to enhance the motor [10]. The distance among the two seeds is measured and financial growth of the nation. In the present situation, the varied by using Microcontroller. It is also possible to nurture environmental effects of agricultural production is much in different kinds of seeds with dissimilar distance. The proposed importance. Hence the requirements in the field of agriculture idea contains sprayer, which would be used for reducing the are growing constantly. Farming history antedates thousands wastage of fertilizers that is done by spraying appropriate of centuries, and its growth was determined and well-defined amount of fertilizers required for the specific crop [11]. The by very diverse climates, principles, and skills [2]. World mode of process can be changed with the help of instructions health organization recognized that earth’s residents will touch existing in the robot application [12]. Any nonlinear 9 billion in 35 years which will lead to an astonishing demand relationship between input and outputs are controlled by this in increase of growth of food crops [4]. Since the traditional system [13][14]. The further step is to develop more advanced methods like spreading, scattering are carried by the people, GPS system that increases the accuracy [15]. By using which results in low production in the field of Agriculture. On rectangular based geometry the robot direction can be the other aspects like inferior level of automation [5] controlled [16]. inadequate accessibility of power also disturb the efficiency of

Authorized licensed use limited to: Universidade de Macau. Downloaded on September 19,2020 at 21:15:32 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply. Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Innovative Mechanisms for Industry Applications (ICIMIA 2020) IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP20K58-ART; ISBN: 978-1-7281-4167-1

II. APPLICATION OF SOLAR POWERED AUTONOMOUS decreases the yield of the field [3]. The grassland and MULTIPURPOSE AGRICULTURAL ROBOT unwanted plants are detached with the assistance of support edges attached to the wheels that is when wheels switches on A.Cultivating the farm the unwanted plant are detached inevitably. The main perception of cultivating is to turn over the III. MAJOR CHALLENGES advanced bed of the mud, transferring superior nutrient contents to the exterior of the soil and making the nutritious 1. In Small villages the agriculturist will face the difficulty soil for the purpose of farming, DC motor combined with a on lack of internet facilities, lack of power, lack of skilled screw rod is used for cultivating the ground [6]. Cultivators manpower. were initially human powered, but the process became 2. In the absence of solar energy, the solar powered considerably more efficient once robots were pressed in to an agricultural robots were unable to work. active mode. 3. Use of chemical batteries lead to more cost and harm the environment due to the emission of chemical B. Digging substances into the environment and decrease the yield. Digging is actually the combination of two processes, the first being the breaking or cutting the surface of the soil and the 4. Bluetooth wireless communication technology enables the second the removal and redirection of the material found robots to achieve short range communication. there.

5. The robot may go in wrong direction while it was C. Picking performing a seed dispensing operation. Picking is the act of taking away harvest from somewhere it was growing and moving it to a protected site for processing, nursing or packing. I. IV. LITERATURE The keys to above itemized challenges and review is as D. Seeding revealed in Table I The automation decreases the agriculturalist labors with fast speed by propagating 4 rackets at a time with line tracking  Solar energy is renewable source of energy. Hence solar [14]. Firstly, the seeds are stored in the container then it will batteries are used to store extra solar power during be spread across the field with appropriate delays as absence of solar energy and it is cost-effective. mentioned in the corresponding program [4].  It can be connected with weather station to collect environmental data (climatic changes). E. Insecticide Spraying  Using the bluetooth module, robots were enabled to In order to provide safety to the farmers from insecticide communicate over a longer distance. infections and its side effects, robots will be replacing workers  GPS enabled system is used for a line and direction for the farm activities. tracking. Directing competence is hard for external mobile application, GPS direction discovery system is F. Grass cutting and unwanted plant removal easy to be implemented [10]. Undesirable plant in the farm damages the main harvest and performance as a barrier for development of the harvest then

TABLE I

LITERATURE Sl. Names of the authors Abstract Restrictions of the Future scope in Year of No. paper research publicat ion 1. Ranjith, Nikitha M The proposed work has the intention There are some At a later time it 2019 N, ArunaK, to design and develop the solar possibilities or can be used for power-driven agronomic automaton occurrence of ultrasonic sensors Afreen,B T with Bluetooth/android app which events of signal and cameras. Venkatesh murti can scatter the seeds, cut the loss. grassland and spray the insecticides 2. MaheshwariR,Azath The proposed system makes it easier During a rainy Increase the 2019 H,SharmilaP,Sheeba to collect all appropriate facts about season there is no battery storing the enhancement in fertilization of advantage of the capacity or a

Rani Gnanamalar S soil and farming by sending the solar panel. quantity of information about the changes in the supplying the environmental condition using IOT power to the devices. system. 3. Gokul, R.Diksith, In this project the system is It only give the In future 2019 M.Gopinath, elaborated to remove unwanted opportunity for Bluetooth S.AjithSundaresh planting the agricultural fields using short range wireless a movement of the robot to do the communication technology has required actions and it is controlled between the skill to have a by using Bluetooth. device. simultaneous handling between both data and voice transmissions 4. Y Nikhil Kumar, M This system accomplishes the Inaccurate In time a head, 2019 Koteshwarrao, actions of functioning the digging sprinkling may industrial Khushwant, Rahul and seed sowing using the not fulfill the application raj, components such as dc shunt motor, tasks of the driller purpose is more Promaanonyachakro Arduino, solar panel. The commands and the opposite useful. barty, M are given to cultivating robot by force which acts himakiran,Dr. Gopi using android applications. on the motor Krishna saramekala which might results in crumbing of the driller. 5. Mr. Shaik karee This system will determine the Arduino AT mega Communications, 2018 Mulla, Edwin behavior by GPS and magnetometer fails to achieve Energy Prajwal, for cultivating, sowing, and the tasks in real ,Emergency B.Sujeshkumar, flattening and information indication time. transportation and Bonu Mahesh, to begin irrigation. This robot is used satellites BalapanuriVamseed in the regions which are injurious to deployment to be har Reddy humans. controlled by GPS 6. K DurgaSowjanya, The expected paper works towards at Bluetooth works It future it can be 2017 R Sindhu, M designing the agricultural robotic under a short expanded to hold Parijatham, K vehicle which can be controlled range. something with Srikant, P.Bhargav through bluetooth for cultivating, the help of UV sowing and sprinkling systems. sensors along with cameras. 7. Sourabhumarkar, This paper will finish off the It is estimated that It helps the farmer 2016 Anil Karwankar installation of the agribot including farmers find to lift up the crops hardware and software facet. difficulty to buy efficiency and the expensive also reduce the robots. need for manual labor to the farmer. 8. Amrita, Sneha A, This sheet of paper deals with a Failed to Additional 2015 Abirami E, Ankita robot accomplishing the operations successfully bring activities like A, R like seed distribution, fruit detaching out the accuracy yielding, Praveena,RSrimeena and pesticide spraying automatically. of specific tasks. irrigation can be performed by using the single multitasking robot.

9. GuanjunBao, In this system the flexible pneumatic This instrumental Spirited 2015 Pengfei Yao, bending joint, agricultural fruit panel only picks characteristics and ShiboCai, Shenshun picking end effecter was proposed. the fruits with structural stiffness Ying, Qinghua Yang similar shapes. has to be achieved better. 10. Samuel J.O.Corpe A importance of this device is to find Signal or battery We can increase 2013 and Liqiong Tang, local positioning of the robot using failure chances is the accuracy of Phillip Abplanalp GPS system. there while the position of utilizing the GPS sub-meter range system. using a GPS system. 11. JoergBaur, Julian The robots are capable to avoid the This system Over a greater 2012 Praff, Heinz Ulbrich, unnecessary barriers and it includes demands more expanse of space Thomas Villgrattner the models such as dynamic and design various kinematics are enforced for the requirements. algorithms can be device. included. 12. AkhilaGollakota, This robot is having the freedom of 2011 M.B.Shrinivas governing itself and provides the

facility for excellent shifting of the cultivating system when required. _ _ 13. GuoquanJiang,Cuiju Using a Hough transform relevant It can be flexible In future hough 2010 n Zhao techniques for the strong to give misleading transform used in acknowledgement of plant rows. It results when image analysis automatically navigates a mobile objects happen to computer vision robot following crop rows. be aligned by and digital image chance processing. 14. Zhou Jianjun, Zhang The techniques like automatic Fuzzy logic is not In future it is used 2008 Man, Liu Gang, Li steering and line tracking are well précised so in concurrent su conveyed in this paper. the results are application. perceived based on assumption. 15. BO Zhao, Zhong- In this paper a BP semantic An act of It is intended to 2007 Xiang zhu, en-Rong arrangement of things which can becoming fully derivatives Mao, Zheng-He song convey any nonlinear relationship aware of quickly. between input and output. This equipment is system is applied to calibrate the dependent vision system of an agricultural wheeled-mobile robot.

system with motors, MSP430F5529IPN and solar power V. PROPOSED VERSATILE CULTIVATED ROBOT supply. The controller used here is the “MSP430F5529IPN”. The representation of the robotic end and control section is The MSP430F5529IPN(25 MHz MCU with integrated USB shown in the fig.1. The robot end and the control section are phy,128KB Flash,8KB RAM,12Bit/14Channel the two main sections of this system. The operations are ADC,32BITHW Multiplier 80 – LQFP – 40 to 85 ) and carried by implementing algorithms on controller unit [11]. corresponding embedded programs will process the required The robotic station possesses the seed distribution, seed sensible factors. Robotic mechanisms will be performed by repository, fertilizer storage, fertilizer repository, robotic their internal motors with the appropriate motor drivers

PGA460TPWRQ1 (Automotive ultrasonic signal processor and amplifier, Transducer driver 16-TSSOP-40 to 105) that drive the motors in the particular required way. Here the one will give the commands to the robot and will pass the signal. According to the command received, the robot will move in the direction and it will put down the seeds and fertilizer on field for the specific distance. Then seeds are sowed in 4 rows at a single instance

Fig. 2 System design at user end

Fig.3 Activity at Agribot

At the user end, when a person opens the application the Bluetooth will be enabled and the connection will be established. The user can select the preferred activity from the list and the message will be sent to MSP430F5529IPN via Fig. 1 Representation of Automated seed sowing, Grassland Bluetooth. wounding, insecticide spraying robot using Bluetooth/Wi- Fi/Android At the activity end of the agribot the MSP430F5529IPN will activate the appropriate DRV10983QPWPRQ1 DC motor This section is designed with the help of one higher rating (30W, 20v automotive 3-phase sensor less BLDC motor driver DRV10983QPWPRQ1 Dc motor, the entire machine along with load dump support 24 – HTSSOP – 40 to 125) and the with seed container is arranged to move in back and forth selected operation will be performed by a motor driver. When directions. DRV10983QPWPRQ1 Dc Motor drive card the MSP430F5529IPN receives the stop signal, the activity Designed with power MOSFETS. DRV10983QPWPRQ1 Dc will be stopped. Motor 1 used to drive the vehicle that carries Sowing Machine in back & forth directions. The distance between the two plants in different directions like Horizontal & Vertical directions are programmed with the help of keyboards. The VI. CONCLUSION fig.1 shows the automatic seed sowing has the following The research paper is more concerned about the problems in components.1) DRV10983QPWPRQ1 Dc motor used to drive the field of agriculture, and generates solution by designing the Seed planting Machine in Horizontal direction. 2)12V and developing the multitasking autonomous agricultural DRV10983QPWPRQ1DC Motor used to vibrate the Seeds robot. The accelerated growth in the industries is one of the Container. For opening and closing the seed pipes, the influencing factors for the people to immigrate to the cities. solenoid coils are used. 3)12V DRV10983QPWPRQ1 DC This leads to the shortage of agricultural labour as well as the Motor used to let down the Seeds from the container. demand for wages will also increase. The basic amenities such When implemented the robot will first dig the soil and pick the as food, clothes and other commodities are increasing seed from the seed repository and place it in the hole. Later the gradually. This makes the labors to demand for more wages mud will be leveled. The fig 2.shows the system at the user but it becomes unaffordable for the land owners. Because of end. The 4 rackets are sowed at a single instant. The water and such factors the farmers are influenced to leave their land to be fertilizer are sprinkled using sprayer. In order to spray the uncultivated even though they have interest in the agricultural fertilizer the height of the device can be adjusted depending on activities. This project helps the farmers at the initial stages the growth of the plant. The unwanted plants are removed with i.e. during the sowing and fertilizing, likewise the further the help of blades attached on the wheels. All the specified process of sowing the seeds in 4 rackets at a single instance. operations are done by using solar panels which also reduces The proposed robot can replace the human to some extent to the carbon footprint [2]. perform the operations like sowing, automated cultivating, seed providing, insecticide spraying and grassland wounding. This project plays a major role in solving the labour problems.

Acknowledgment

The authors would like to thank Prof. Shweta Madiwalar and KLE Dr.M.S.Sheshgiri College of Engineering and Technology, Belagavi for their involvement and support.

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