International Accounting Comparison

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

International Accounting Comparison International Accounting Comparison The following International Accounting Standards are included in this comparison: IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements IAS 2 Inventories IAS 7 Cash Flow Statements IAS 8 Net Profit or Loss for the Period, Fundamental Errors and Changes in Accounting Policies IAS 10 Events after the Balance Sheet Date IAS 11 Construction Contracts IAS 12 Income Taxes IAS 14 Segment Reporting IAS 16 Property, Plant and Equipment IAS 17 Accounting for Leases IAS 18 Revenue IAS 19 Employee Benefits IAS 20 Accounting for Government Grants and Disclosure of Government Assistance IAS 21 The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates IAS 22 Business Combinations IAS 23 Borrowing Costs IAS 24 Related Party Disclosures IAS 25 Accounting for Investments IAS 27 Consolidated Financial Statements and Accounting for Investments in Subsidiaries IAS 28 Accounting for Investments in Associates IAS 29 Financial Reporting in Hyperinflationary Economies IAS 30 Disclosures in the Financial Statements of Banks and Similar Financial Institutions IAS 31 Financial Reporting of Interests in Joint Ventures IAS 32 Financial Instruments: Disclosure and Presentation IAS 33 Earnings per Share IAS 34 Interim Financial Reporting IAS 35 Discontinuing Operations IAS 36 Impairment of Assets IAS 37 Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets IAS 38 Intangible Assets IAS 39 Financial Instruments – Recognition and Measurement Comparison of International Accounting Standards and Lithuanian Accounting Policies International Accounting Comparison Comparison of International Accounting Standards with generally accepted accounting practice in Albania, Bulgaria, Byelorussia, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Republic of Macedonia, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia. The comparison was performed based upon the accounting legislation effective in the above 14 countries as of December 31, 2000. In certain countries, changes to the accounting legislation have occurred as of January 1, 2001. This comparison does not include differences between IAS and generally accepted accounting practice in these countries, subsequent to December 31, 2000. Abbreviations AL Accounting Law B/S Balance Sheet CF Cash Flow ČNB Czech National Bank CZK Czech Koruna (currency) EAL Estonian Accounting Law EASB Estonian Accounting Standards Board EU European Union FIFO First-in-First-Out (inventory valuation) F/S Financial Statements GAAP Generally Accepted Accounting Practice HAS Hungarian Accounting Standard HNB Hungarian National Bank HUF Hungarian Forint (currency) IAS International Accounting Standard LIFO Last-in-First-out (inventory valuation) LVL Latvian Lats (currency) NAS National Accounting Standard P&L Profit and Loss RAS Romanian Accounting Standard RAL Romanian Accounting Law R&D Research and Development SAL Slovak Accounting Law SAS Slovenian Accounting Standard SIC Standing Committee on Interpretations SKK Slovak Koruna (currency) VAT Value-Added-Tax JV Joint Venture EPS Earnings per Share 2 Comparison of International Accounting Standards and Lithuanian Accounting Policies 1. Presentation of Financial Statements Albania Bulgaria Byelorussia Croatia Czech Estonia Hungary Latvia Lithuania Poland Republic of Romania Slovakia Slovenia Topic International (IAS 1) Republic Macedonia Componen Complete set of financial Complete set of Complete set of Complete set of IAS 1 applies to Comparable to Comparable to Complete set of Financial Complete set of Complete set of Only balance Comparable to Complete set of (SAS 24, 25, 26) ts and statements includes: financial financial financial all companies IAS, except cash IAS, except cash financial statement should financial financial sheet and income IAS, except cash financial Comparable to format of statements statements statements incorporated flow statement flow statement statements include statements statements statement flow statement statements IAS, except that: • balance sheet; financial includes: includes: includes: under the and the statement and the statement includes: includes: includes: required. and the statement includes: • statement • Commercial of changes in of changes in balance sheet of changes in income statement; • balance sheet; • • balance sheet; s • balance sheet; • balance sheet; Code. equity are treated equity are treated Annual report is Comparable to equity that is not a • No requirement • income • • • statement of non-owner • income • • statement of as parts of the as parts of the composed of • balance sheet; IAS, but a required part of balance sheet; for statement of income statement income movements in equity; statement; profit and loss; notes to the notes to the the balance standard format the financial non-owner statement; statement; • income • income • appendix. • statement of Financial Financial sheet, the profit prescribed by the statements. movements in • statement of statement; statement; • cash flow statement; and • statement of changes in Statements. Statements. and loss • cash flow Accounting Law equity; account, the changes in the A determined non-owner equity; statement; • (further “AL”) and A particular format • • notes to the financial supplementary capital notes to the notes to the • Particular format for movements in • notes to the Prescribed format Comparable to financial the Company of financial financial statements. notes, and the • explanation to formats for presentation is equity; financial is required to be IAS, but a core • cash flow statements Law. statements issued statements used. format prescribed business report. the financial by the Ministry of presentation No particular format or mandated. statements; statement (called • cash flow by the EAL and statements. The formats used Finance is mandated. order for presentation • accounting • ‘additional The Movement in statement; and A management Commercial Simplified • notes to the by banks and mandatory. The mandated. policies. annual report is Particular format information’). Equity and Cash Annual business report is not a Code. The financial financial formats used by • notes to the composed of for presentation is Flow Statement report presents a Encouraged to present a All statements required formats used by statements institutions and credit institutions financial the balance mandated for Companies, which are regarded as review by review by management of have a standard component of the credit institutions insurance and insurance statements. sheet, the profit banks and other are obliged to part of the notes management of financial and operating form, including annual accounts. and insurance Besides the companies are companies are and loss companies. have an annual (not required in financial and activities, outside the analytical report of companies are financial prescribed in prescribed in Notes to the account, and statutory audit, the case of the operating financial statements. the management prescribed in statement a report separate acts. separate acts. financial the should also consolidated activities; for on financial and separate acts. must be prepared statements are supplementary prepare cash flow financial further operating where the A management presented notes. statement. statements.) specification of activities. A management management of report is a primarily in tabular Publicly traded inclusion in an report is a • Consolidated the company companies should required Particular format format specified required reports on current component of the annual business by the National annual report is also prepare for presentation of report see the component of the composed of period statement of annual accounts. balance sheet and Institute of annual accounts. developments. Law on Statistics. In the changes in equity. income statement Commercial consolidated These Directors’ report mandated. addition requirements Companies. disclosures are balance sheet, should be the doesn’t refer to: attached to the Rules for the required in a textual format consolidated financial notes to the specified by the profit and loss • private, rustic statements. financial account, and statements relevant NAS. and pescatory Detailed formats the farms whose mandated. consolidated of balance sheet, Banks, insurance revenues for the supplementary income statement companies, year do not notes and and cash flow investment funds, exceed 45 000 statement are non-for-profit consolidated LVL business report. described by organizations and relevant • institutions that budget funded regulations. entities also issue Cash flow are financed the above set of statement should from state financial be presented as budget or statements but part of the municipality information is in supplementary compliance with notes, but it is not relevant NAS compulsory for the applicable for their simplified annual specific activities. report. The balance sheet and the profit and loss account has a prescribed form based on the law. (See appendix 1 and 2) Complianc If financial statements The annual The annual All statements Comparable to The annual The annual This Act contains Comparable to Not defined. No requirement The annual The annual The financial (Preface to SAS, e with comply with IAS, this fact accounts shall accounts shall should be IAS. accounts shall accounts shall accounting rules IAS for statement of accounts shall accounts shall statements should 6. Fundamental relevant should be stated. Such a comply with comply with prepared in comply with comply with which are in compliance – comply with comply with comply
Recommended publications
  • International Accounting Standards
    Teacher Guidance for 9706 Accounting on International Accounting Standards Cambridge International AS & A Level Accounting 9706 For examination from 2023 Version 1 In order to help us develop the highest quality resources, we are undertaking a continuous programme of review; not only to measure the success of our resources but also to highlight areas for improvement and to identify new development needs. We invite you to complete our survey by visiting the website below. Your comments on the quality and relevance of our resources are very important to us. www.surveymonkey.co.uk/r/GL6ZNJB Would you like to become a Cambridge International consultant and help us develop support materials? Please follow the link below to register your interest. www.cambridgeinternational.org/cambridge-for/teachers/teacherconsultants/ Copyright © UCLES 2020 Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which itself is a department of the University of Cambridge. UCLES retains the copyright on all its publications. Registered Centres are permitted to copy material from this booklet for their own internal use. However, we cannot give permission to Centres to photocopy any material that is acknowledged to a third party, even for internal use within a Centre. Contents Introduction ...............................................................................................................................4 IAS
    [Show full text]
  • Accounting and Auditing Investing in Switzerland a Guide for Chinese Companies Audit & Assurance Contents
    Accounting and Auditing Investing in Switzerland A guide for Chinese companies Audit & Assurance Contents Introduction 1 Swiss accounting framework 3 Financial information requirement by size and type of company 4 Regular accounting requirements 6 Requirements for larger companies 7 Financial reporting requirements: comparison between CAS, IFRS and Swiss GAAP 8 Audit requirements 28 Ordinary audit 29 Limited statutory examination 29 Contact 30 Accounting and Auditing | Investing in Switzerland | A guide for Chinese companies Introduction Since 2010 China has been Switzerland’s most important trading partner in Asia. Following negotiations that began in 2011, a bilateral free-trade agreement was signed in Beijing in July 2013. After receiving approval from the National Council and the Council of States, this agreement between the People’s Republic of China and Switzerland came into effect on 1 July 2014. As a consequence of China’s accession to the WTO, trading Given the importance of the relationship between China and activities with and within China have been expanding at Switzerland and the increasing flow of investments since the rapid speed. China understands fully that a sound financial signing of the free trade agreement, we are pleased to present a reporting system plays a key role in this process of economic guide specifically tailored to Chinese investors seeking investment development. The Chinese Ministry of Finance (MOF), which has opportunities in Switzerland. We have focused on the accounting the responsibility for regulating accounting matters in China, has and auditing frameworks in Switzerland and leveraged Deloitte’s set itself the objectives of fostering investor confidence in financial knowledge of CAS to provide a comparison between CAS, IFRS and information, increasing transparency in financial reporting and Swiss Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (Swiss GAAP).
    [Show full text]
  • How Should Companies Assess COVID-19 Events After the Reporting Date?
    How should companies assess COVID-19 events after the reporting date? 31 March 2020 What’s the issue? The COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic has evolved rapidly in 2020 and it impacts how companies evaluate and disclose events after the reporting date (‘subsequent events’). Depending on a company’s reporting date, the impacts of the COVID-19 outbreak could be adjusting or non-adjusting events. Under IAS 10 Events After the Reporting Period, events, both favourable and unfavourable, that occur between the reporting date and the date when the financial statements are authorised for issue require disclosure or possibly affect recognition and measurement in the financial statements. [Insights 2.9.20, 2.9.30] Gabriela Kegalj Partner, Department of Professional IAS 10 identifies two types of events. Practice, Audit KPMG in Canada Events after the Definition Financial statement reporting date effects Adjusting events Those that provide Adjust the amounts evidence of conditions recognised in the that existed at the financial statements reporting date Non-adjusting events Those that are indicative Disclose the nature of conditions that arose of the event and an after the reporting date estimate of its financial Companies need to effect, or a statement that such an estimate exercise significant cannot be made judgement in Therefore, companies need to evaluate all events that occurred after their reporting determining which date and assess: events after the − which of those events provide additional evidence of conditions that existed at reporting date are the reporting date and for which financial statements need to be adjusted; vs adjusting events. − which lead to disclosure only.
    [Show full text]
  • VALUE IFRS Plc Illustrative IFRS Consolidated Financial Statements December 2019
    VALUE IFRS Plc Illustrative IFRS consolidated financial statements December 2019 This publication presents the sample annual financial reports of a fictional listed company, VALUE IFRS Plc. It illustrates the financial reporting requirements that would apply to such a company under International Financial Reporting Standards as issued at 31 May 2019. Supporting commentary is also provided. For the purposes of this publication, VALUE IFRS Plc is listed on a fictive Stock Exchange and is the parent entity in a consolidated entity. VALUE IFRS Plc 2019 is for illustrative purposes only and should be used in conjunction with the relevant financial reporting standards and any other reporting pronouncements and legislation applicable in specific jurisdictions. Global Accounting Consulting Services PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP This content is for general information purposes only, and should not be used as a substitute for consultation with professional advisors. About PwC At PwC, our purpose is to build trust in society and solve important problems. We're a network of firms in 158 countries with more than 250,000 people who are committed to delivering quality in assurance, advisory and tax services. Find out more and tell us what matters to you by visiting us at www.pwc.com © 2019 PwC. All rights reserved. PwC refers to the PwC network and/or one or more of its member firms, each of which is a separate legal entity. Please see www.pwc.com/structure for further details. VALUE IFRS Plc Illustrative IFRS consolidated financial statements December
    [Show full text]
  • IFRS/HKFRS News 准则动态准则动态
    2019年6月刊 Feb 2020 国际/香港财务报告 IFRS/HKFRS News 准则动态准则动态 This month's issues: Accounting implications when the • Accounting implications when the Novel Coronavirus Novel Coronavirus outbreak is outbreak is considered to be a non-adjusting event for the financial statements for the considered to be a non-adjusting year ended 31 December 2019 • Classification of Liabilities as event for the financial statements for Current or Non-current (Amendment to IAS 1) the year ended 31 December 2019 Background The spread of the Novel Coronavirus has affected business and economic activities in certain territories including mainland China and Hong Kong. The situation at 31 December 2019 was that a limited number of cases of an unknown virus had been reported. There was no explicit evidence of human to human transmission at that date. In January 2020, the virus spread and it was identified as a new coronavirus. Management should consider carefully the impact of the Novel Coronavirus on the financial statements. For some businesses, the impacts of the Novel Coronavirus outbreak could be significant. Consideration for the consequential accounting and financial reporting implications include not only the measurement of assets and liabilities but also the disclosure for events after the balance sheet date and other disclosures, and the preparation of financial statements on a going concern basis. This publication addresses only the accounting implications of the Novel Coronavirus for December 2019 year end. IFRS/HKFRS News | Feb 2020 (A) Events after the balance sheet date 1. Adjusting or non-adjusting events • The latter events changed the conditions • Relevant information available up to the • A critical part of the assessment of the of the Novel Coronavirus outbreak date of authorisation of the financial impact of the Novel Coronavirus significantly and are considered to be the statements for issue should be outbreak is whether the events most significant in the assessment of post considered in the disclosure.
    [Show full text]
  • IAS 7 STATEMENT of CASH FLOWS Contents 1
    IFRS IN PRACTICE 2019-2020: IAS 7 STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS Contents 1. Introduction 4 2. Definition of cash and cash equivalents 5 2.1. Demand deposits 5 2.2. Short term maturity 6 2.3. Investments in equity instruments 6 2.4. Changes in liquidity and risk 6 2.5 Cryptocurrencies 6 2.6 Short-term credit lending and cash and cash equivalent classification 7 3. Restricted cash and cash equivalent balances – disclosure requirements 8 3.1. Interaction with IAS 1 8 4. Classification of cash flows as operating, investing or financing 9 4.1. Operating activities 9 4.2. Investing activities 9 4.3. Financing activities 9 4.3.1. Disclosure of changes in liabilities arising from financing activities 10 4.4. Classification of interest and dividends 10 4.5. Common classification errors in practice 11 5. Offsetting cash inflows and outflows in the statement of cash flows 13 5.1. Effect of bank overdrafts on the carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents 13 5.2. Refinancing of borrowings with a new lender 14 6. Presentation of operating cash flows using the direct or indirect method 15 7. Income taxes and sales taxes 16 8. Foreign exchange 17 8.1. Worked example – foreign currency translation 17 9. Group cash pooling arrangements in an entity’s separate financial statements 20 10. Securities and loans held for dealing or trading 22 11. Classification of cash flows arising from a derivative used in an economic hedge 23 12. Revenue from Contracts with Customers 24 13. Leases 25 13.1. Payments made on inception of a lease 25 13.2.
    [Show full text]
  • Summary Comparison of Canadian GAAP and Ifrss As of July 31, 2008
    (as of July 31, 2008) Summary Comparison of Canadian GAAP and IFRSs as of July 31, 2008 1. This comparison has been prepared by the staff of the Accounting Standards Board (AcSB) and has not been approved by the AcSB. The AcSB has adopted a strategy to replace Canadian standards in the CICA Handbook – Accounting (Handbook) with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) for publicly accountable enterprises by January 1, 2011. Other enterprises might also elect to adopt IFRSs. The comparison provides a high- level comparison of current Canadian standards and IFRSs and information about the extent of similarity between Canadian GAAP and IFRSs. 2. This comparison covers significant differences only and does not include all of the differences that might arise in a particular entity’s circumstances. It should not be used in preparing financial statements. To understand fully the implications of applying, and preparing financial statements in accordance with, IFRSs, users of this comparison and financial statement preparers must refer to the standards themselves. AcSB staff is also maintaining a more detailed comparison for those interested in comparison at a more technical level. It is available on the AcSB’s website at www.acsbcanada.org (see “International Activities”). 3. IFRSs are based on a conceptual framework that is substantially the same as that on which Canadian standards are based. IFRSs cover many of the same topics and reach similar conclusions on many issues. The style and form of IFRSs are generally quite similar to Canadian standards and considerably more similar than US standards (although there is some variation within all three sets of standards).
    [Show full text]
  • IFRS Accounting Considerations of the Coronavirus Pandemic
    Applying IFRS IFRS accounting considerations of the Coronavirus pandemic Updated February 2021 Contents 1. Background .............................................................................. 2 2. Going concern ........................................................................... 4 3. Financial instruments (IFRS 9) .................................................... 5 4. Financial instruments (IAS 39) .................................................. 16 5. Impairment assessment of non-financial assets .......................... 21 6. Government grants .................................................................. 24 7. Income taxes ........................................................................... 27 8. Liabilities from insurance contracts........................................... 30 9. Leases .................................................................................... 32 10. Insurance recoveries .............................................................. 40 11. Onerous contract provisions ................................................... 43 12. Fair value measurement ......................................................... 44 13. Revenue recognition .............................................................. 47 14. Inventories............................................................................ 52 15. Share-based payment ............................................................ 54 16. Events after the reporting period ............................................ 57 17. Other financial
    [Show full text]
  • IFRS at a GLANCE IAS 10 Events After the Reporting Period
    IFRS AT A GLANCE IAS 10 Events after the Reporting Period As at 1 July 2015 IAS 10 Events after the Reporting Period Effective Date Periods beginning on or after 1 January 2005 DEFINITION Favourable or unfavourable event, that occurs between the reporting date and the date that the financial statements are authorised for issue. ADJUSTING EVENTS NON-ADJUSTING EVENTS An event after the reporting date that is indicative of a condition that arose after the reporting date. An event after the reporting date that provides further evidence of conditions that existed at the reporting date. Examples: Examples: Major business combinations or disposal of a subsidiary Events that indicate that the going concern assumption in relation to the whole or part of the Major purchase or disposal of assets, classification of assets as held for sale or expropriation of entity is not appropriate major assets by government Specific Settlement quantitative after reporting disclosure date of court requirements: cases that confirm the entity had a present obligation Destruction of a major production plant by fire after reporting date at reporting date Announcing a plan to discontinue operations Bankruptcy of a customer that occurs after reporting date that confirms a loss existed at Announcing a major restructuring after reporting date reporting date on trade receivables Major ordinary share transactions Specific Sales ofquantitative inventories after disclosure reporting daterequirements: that give evidence about their net realisable value at Abnormal large changes after the reporting period in assets prices or foreign exchange rates reporting date Changes in tax rates or tax law Determination after reporting date of cost of assets purchased or proceeds from assets sold, Entering into major commitments such as guarantees before reporting date Commencing major litigation arising solely out of events that occurred after the reporting period.
    [Show full text]
  • A Roadmap to the Preparation of the Statement of Cash Flows
    A Roadmap to the Preparation of the Statement of Cash Flows May 2020 The FASB Accounting Standards Codification® material is copyrighted by the Financial Accounting Foundation, 401 Merritt 7, PO Box 5116, Norwalk, CT 06856-5116, and is reproduced with permission. This publication contains general information only and Deloitte is not, by means of this publication, rendering accounting, business, financial, investment, legal, tax, or other professional advice or services. This publication is not a substitute for such professional advice or services, nor should it be used as a basis for any decision or action that may affect your business. Before making any decision or taking any action that may affect your business, you should consult a qualified professional advisor. Deloitte shall not be responsible for any loss sustained by any person who relies on this publication. The services described herein are illustrative in nature and are intended to demonstrate our experience and capabilities in these areas; however, due to independence restrictions that may apply to audit clients (including affiliates) of Deloitte & Touche LLP, we may be unable to provide certain services based on individual facts and circumstances. As used in this document, “Deloitte” means Deloitte & Touche LLP, Deloitte Consulting LLP, Deloitte Tax LLP, and Deloitte Financial Advisory Services LLP, which are separate subsidiaries of Deloitte LLP. Please see www.deloitte.com/us/about for a detailed description of our legal structure. Copyright © 2020 Deloitte Development LLC. All rights reserved. Publications in Deloitte’s Roadmap Series Business Combinations Business Combinations — SEC Reporting Considerations Carve-Out Transactions Comparing IFRS Standards and U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • IFRS Example Consolidated Financial Statements 2019
    IFRS Assurance IFRS Example Global Consolidated Financial Statements 2019 with guidance notes Contents Introduction 1 19 Cash and cash equivalents 61 IFRS Example Consolidated Financial 3 20 Disposal groups classified as held for sale and 61 Statements discontinued operations Consolidated statement of financial position 4 21 Equity 63 Consolidated statement of profit or loss 6 22 Employee remuneration 65 Consolidated statement of comprehensive income 7 23 Provisions 71 Consolidated statement of changes in equity 8 24 Trade and other payables 72 Consolidated statement of cash flows 9 25 Contract and other liabilities 72 Notes to the IFRS Example Consolidated 10 26 Reconciliation of liabilities arising from 73 Financial Statements financing activities 1 Nature of operations 11 27 Finance costs and finance income 73 2 General information, statement of compliance 11 28 Other financial items 74 with IFRS and going concern assumption 29 Tax expense 74 3 New or revised Standards or Interpretations 12 30 Earnings per share and dividends 75 4 Significant accounting policies 15 31 Non-cash adjustments and changes in 76 5 Acquisitions and disposals 33 working capital 6 Interests in subsidiaries 37 32 Related party transactions 76 7 Investments accounted for using the 39 33 Contingent liabilities 78 equity method 34 Financial instruments risk 78 8 Revenue 41 35 Fair value measurement 85 9 Segment reporting 42 36 Capital management policies and procedures 89 10 Goodwill 46 37 Post-reporting date events 90 11 Other intangible assets 47 38 Authorisation
    [Show full text]
  • IFRS in Focus Accounting Considerations Related to the Coronavirus 2019 Disease
    IFRS in Focus Latest update: 29 October 2020 IFRS in Focus Accounting considerations related to the Coronavirus 2019 Disease Contents Introduction The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is affecting economic and financial markets Introduction with entities experiencing conditions often associated with a general economic downturn. Material judgements and estimates This includes, but is not limited to, financial market volatility and erosion, deteriorating Going concern credit, liquidity concerns, further increases in government intervention, increasing unemployment, broad declines in consumer discretionary spending, increasing inventory Events after the end of the reporting period levels, reductions in production because of decreased demand, layoffs and furloughs, Statement of profit or loss and other restructuring activities. The continuation of these circumstances could result in Alternative performance measures an even broader economic downturn which could have a prolonged negative impact on an entity’s financial results. Impairment of non-financial assets In its Statement on Importance of Disclosure about COVID-19 published on 29 May 2020, Financial Instruments the International Organization of Securities Commissions (IOSCO) notes that “particularly Revenue from contracts with customers in an environment of heightened uncertainty, it is important that financial reporting Restructuring plans include disclosures that provide an adequate level of transparency and is entity-specific regarding uncertainties inherent in judgments and estimates. Disclosures should explain Onerous contracts provisions the material impact on specific assets, liabilities, liquidity, solvency and going concern Insurance recoveries issues as relevant and any significant uncertainties, assumptions, sensitivities, underlying Lease contracts drivers of results, strategies, risks and future prospects. Telling the story in a clear manner through the financial statements and management commentary is important Consolidation to investors’ information needs and confidence.
    [Show full text]