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3.5 FINANCIAL ASSETS and LIABILITIES Definitions 1. Financial Assets Include Cash, Equity Instruments of Other Entities
128 SU 3: Financial Accounting I 3.5 FINANCIAL ASSETS AND LIABILITIES Definitions 1. Financial assets include cash, equity instruments of other entities (e.g., preference shares), contract rights to receive cash or other financial assets from other entities (e.g., accounts receivable), etc. 2. Financial liabilities include obligations to deliver cash or another financial asset (e.g., bonds or accounts payable), obligations to exchange financial instruments under potentially unfavorable conditions (e.g., written options), etc. Initial Recognition 3. A financial asset or liability is initially recognized only when the entity is a party to the contract. Thus, contract rights and obligations under derivatives are recognized as assets and liabilities, respectively. a. A firm commitment to buy or sell goods or services ordinarily does not result in recognition until at least one party has performed. 1) However, certain contracts to buy or sell a nonfinancial item may result in recognition of an asset or liability. a) For example, a firm commitment to buy a commodity in the future that (1) can be settled in cash and (2) is not held for the purpose of receiving the commodity is treated as a financial instrument. Accordingly, its net fair value is recognized at the commitment date. b) If an unrecognized firm commitment is hedged in a fair value hedge,a change in its net fair value related to the hedged risk is recognized as an asset or liability. 4. An issuer of a financial guarantee initially recognizes a liability and measures it at fair value. Subsequent measurement is at the greater of (a) the amount based on accounting for provisions or (b) the amortized amount. -
A Practical Guide to IFRS 7 for Investment
Asset Management A practical guide to IFRS 7 For investment managers and investment, private equity and real estate funds April 2010 PricewaterhouseCoopers’ IFRS and corporate governance publications and tools 2010 IFRS technical publications IFRS disclosure checklist 2009 IFRS manual of accounting 2010 Outlines the disclosures required by all IFRSs PwC’s global IFRS manual provides published up to October 2009. comprehensive practical guidance on how to prepare financial statements in accordance with IFRS. Includes hundreds of worked examples, extracts from company reports and model financial statements. IFRS pocket guide 2009 Provides a summary of the IFRS recognition and measurement requirements. Including currencies, A practical guide to IFRS 8 for real estate entities assets, liabilities, equity, income, expenses, business Guidance in question-and-answer format addressing combinations and interim financial statements. the issues arising for real estate entities when applying IFRS 8, ‘Operating segments’. Illustrative IFRS financial statements 2009 – investment funds Updated financial statements of a fictional investment fund illustrating the disclosure and A practical guide for investment funds presentation required by IFRSs applicable to to IAS 32 amendments financial years beginning on or after 1 January 2009. 12-page guide addressing the questions that are The company is an existing preparer of IFRS arising in applying the amendment IAS 32 and IAS 1, financial statements; IFRS 1 is not applicable. ‘Puttable financial instruments and obligations arising in liquidation’, with a focus on puttable instruments. Illustrative IFRS financial statements 2009 – private equity A practical guide to new IFRSs for 2010 Financial statements of a fictional private equity 48-page guidance providing high-level outline of hte limited partnership illustrating the disclosure and key requirements of IFRSs effective in 2010, in presentation required by IFRSs applicable to question and answer format. -
IFRS in Your Pocket 2019.Pdf
IFRS in your pocket 2019 Contents Abbreviations 1 Foreword 2 Our IAS Plus website 3 IFRS Standards around the world 5 The IFRS Foundation and the IASB 7 Standards and Interpretations 15 Standards and Interpretations 24 Summaries of Standards and Interpretations in effect at 1 January 2019 29 Requirements that are not yet mandatory 100 IASB projects 104 Deloitte IFRS resources 111 Contacts 113 IFRS in your pocket |2019 Abbreviations ARC Accounting Regulatory Commission ASAF Accounting Standards Advisory Forum DP Discussion Paper EC European Commission ED Exposure Draft EFRAG European Financial Reporting Advisory Group GAAP Generally Accepted Accounting Principles IAS International Accounting Standard IASB International Accounting Standards Board IASC International Accounting Standards Committee (predecessor to the IASB) IFRIC Interpretation issued by the IFRS Interpretations Committee IFRS International Financial Reporting Standard IFRS Standards All Standards and Interpretations issued by the IASB (i.e. the set comprising every IFRS, IAS, IFRIC and SIC) PIR Post-implementation Review SEC US Securities and Exchange Commission SIC Interpretation issued by the Standing Interpretations Committee of the IASC SMEs Small and Medium-sized Entities XBRL Extensible Business Reporting Language XML Extensible Markup Language 1 IFRS in your pocket |2019 Foreword Welcome to the 2019 edition of IFRS in Your Pocket. It is a concise guide of the IASB’s standard-setting activities that has made this publication an annual, and indispensable, worldwide favourite. At its core is a comprehensive summary of the current Standards and Interpretations along with details of the projects on the IASB work plan. Backing this up is information about the IASB and an analysis of the use of IFRS Standards around the world. -
Fixed Asset Inventory System
PROCEDURES MANUAL FIXED ASSET INVENTORY SYSTEM FOR COUNTY BOARDS OF EDUCATION IN THE STATE OF WEST VIRGINIA Office of School Finance West Virginia Department of Education PROCEDURES MANUAL FIXED ASSET INVENTORY SYSTEM FOR COUNTY BOARDS OF EDUCATION IN THE STATE OF WEST VIRGINIA Revised July 16, 2001 Copies may be obtained from: West Virginia Department of Education Office of School Finance Building 6, Room 215 1900 Kanawha Boulevard E. Charleston, West Virginia 25305 FIXED ASSET INVENTORY SYSTEM PROCEDURES MANUAL FOREWORD Allocating, operating, and accounting for the physical assets of a school system are among the most important responsibilities of school administrators. Expenditures for fixed assets are generally the most visible costs a school district incurs. Yet, the accounting for such assets, once acquired, has generally received little attention. Implementation of a fixed asset inventory accounting system will enable local education agencies to maintain an inventory of all assets, including those purchased with federal funds. In addition, the system will assist all agencies in obtaining an unqualified opinion on their audited financial statements, and will assign responsibility and accountability for the security of fixed assets. The system can also be used for purposes of insurance and proof of loss. This manual has been developed by the West Virginia Department of Education in order to provide uniform standards throughout the State for all county boards of education, regional education service agencies, and multi-county vocational centers to use in developing a fixed asset inventory accounting system. The manual prescribes the minimum requirements that are to be encompassed in establishing such a system, and provides a list of the codes that are to be used in classifying fixed assets. -
Speech: What Is an Asset?, January 12, 1993
For Release January 8, 1993 Walter P. Schuetze Chief Accountant Securities and Exchange Commission American Institute of Certified Public Accountants' Twentieth Annual National Conference on CUrrent SEC Developments , < i January 12, 1993 What is an Asset? The Securities and Exchange commission, as a matter of policy, disclaims responsibility for any publication or statement by its employees. The views expressed herein are those of Mr. Schuetze and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Commission or the other staff of the Commission. What is an Asset? I am pleased to make my second appearance on the program of this annual national conference on current SEC developments. The year gone by has been one where the staff has concentrated on promoting the Commission's drive for mark-to-market accounting for marketable debt and equity securities. That policy was set out in Congressional testimony in september 1990 by Chairman Breeden and in December 1990 by James Doty, the Commission's.former General Counsel. We have continued to encourage the Financial Accounting standards Board, and the financial community in general, to embrace the idea of mark-to-market for marketable securities. contrary to the perception by some, we have not been promoting mark-to-market for other assets, such as plant and equipment, pa tents and copyrights, or commercial loans held by banks. What the staff has done, however, is to suggest the idea that, when one is looking to identify impairment of the carrying amount of assets such as stocks, bonds, loans, plant, and patents, it is appropriate to look at the fair value of the asset and compare that fair value to the carrying amount of the asset. -
Uva-F-1274 Methods of Valuation for Mergers And
Graduate School of Business Administration UVA-F-1274 University of Virginia METHODS OF VALUATION FOR MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS This note addresses the methods used to value companies in a merger and acquisitions (M&A) setting. It provides a detailed description of the discounted cash flow (DCF) approach and reviews other methods of valuation, such as book value, liquidation value, replacement cost, market value, trading multiples of peer firms, and comparable transaction multiples. Discounted Cash Flow Method Overview The discounted cash flow approach in an M&A setting attempts to determine the value of the company (or ‘enterprise’) by computing the present value of cash flows over the life of the company.1 Since a corporation is assumed to have infinite life, the analysis is broken into two parts: a forecast period and a terminal value. In the forecast period, explicit forecasts of free cash flow must be developed that incorporate the economic benefits and costs of the transaction. Ideally, the forecast period should equate with the interval in which the firm enjoys a competitive advantage (i.e., the circumstances where expected returns exceed required returns.) For most circumstances a forecast period of five or ten years is used. The value of the company derived from free cash flows arising after the forecast period is captured by a terminal value. Terminal value is estimated in the last year of the forecast period and capitalizes the present value of all future cash flows beyond the forecast period. The terminal region cash flows are projected under a steady state assumption that the firm enjoys no opportunities for abnormal growth or that expected returns equal required returns in this interval. -
IATA Industry Accounting Working Group Guidance IFRS 15, Revenue from Contracts with Customers
IATA Industry Accounting Working Group Guidance IFRS 15, Revenue from Contracts with Customers 2nd Edition Issued May 2018 IATA Industry Accounting Working Group Guidance IFRS 15, Revenue from Contracts with Customers NOTICE DISCLAIMER. This document has been compiled by the IATA Industry Accounting Working Group (IAWG), which consists of senior finance representatives from IATA member airlines. This working group’s mandate is to promote consistency in the application of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and to lobby accounting standard setters to take into consideration the interests of airlines globally. It is distributed with the understanding that IATA, the IAWG and its members, observers and advisors are not rendering accounting, legal or other professional services in this publication. If accounting, legal advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. The paper addresses a specific issue related to the adoption of IFRS 15, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. This paper is not intended to provide accounting advice or a definitive analysis of the underlying issue as fact patterns, regulatory environment, practices and interpretations may vary. The views taken should not be used as a substitute for referring to the standards and interpretations of IFRS or professional advice from your auditor or other professional accounting advisor. The information contained in this publication is subject to constant review in the light of changing government requirements and regulations. No subscriber or other reader should act on the basis of any such information without referring to applicable laws and regulations and/or without taking appropriate professional advice. Although every effort has been made to ensure accuracy, the International Air Transport Association shall not be held responsible for any loss or damage caused by errors, omissions, misprints or misinterpretation of the contents hereof. -
IFRS 15 IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers Is Issued
IFRS 15 IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers is issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (the Board). IFRS Standards together with their accompanying documents are issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (the “Board”). Disclaimer: To the extent permitted by applicable law, the Board and the IFRS Foundation (Foundation) expressly disclaim all liability howsoever arising from this publication or any translation thereof whether in contract, tort or otherwise (including, but not limited to, liability for any negligent act or omission) to any person in respect of any claims or losses of any nature including direct, indirect, incidental or consequential loss, punitive damages, penalties or costs. Information contained in this publication does not constitute advice and should not be substituted for the services of an appropriately qualified professional. Copyright © IFRS Foundation All rights reserved. Reproduction and use rights are strictly limited. Contact the Foundation for further details at [email protected]. Copies of IASB publications may be obtained from the Foundation’s Publications Department. Please address publication and copyright matters to: IFRS Foundation Publications Department 30 Cannon Street, London, EC4M 6XH, United Kingdom. Tel: +44 (0)20 7332 2730 Fax: +44 (0)20 7332 2749 Email: [email protected] Web: www.ifrs.org The IFRS Foundation logo, the IASB logo, the IFRS for SMEs logo, the “Hexagon Device”, “IFRS Foundation”, “eIFRS”, “IAS”, “IASB”, “IFRS for SMEs”, “IASs”, “IFRS”, “IFRSs”, -
IFRS 9, Financial Instruments Understanding the Basics Introduction
www.pwc.com/ifrs9 IFRS 9, Financial Instruments Understanding the basics Introduction Revenue isn’t the only new IFRS to worry about for 2018—there is IFRS 9, Financial Instruments, to consider as well. Contrary to widespread belief, IFRS 9 affects more than just financial institutions. Any entity could have significant changes to its financial reporting as the result of this standard. That is certain to be the case for those with long-term loans, equity investments, or any non- vanilla financial assets. It might even be the case for those only holding short- term receivables. It all depends. Possible consequences of IFRS 9 include: • More income statement volatility. IFRS 9 raises the risk that more assets will have to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in profit and loss as they arise. • Earlier recognition of impairment losses on receivables and loans, including trade receivables. Entities will have to start providing for possible future credit losses in the very first reporting period a loan goes on the books – even if it is highly likely that the asset will be fully collectible. • Significant new disclosure requirements—the more significantly impacted may need new systems and processes to collect the necessary data. IFRS 9 also includes significant new hedging requirements, which we address in a separate publication – Practical guide – General hedge accounting. With careful planning, the changes that IFRS 9 introduces might provide a great opportunity for balance sheet optimization, or enhanced efficiency of the reporting process and cost savings. Left too long, they could lead to some nasty surprises. -
The Disclosure Initiative
Issue 187/ February 2021 IFRS Developments The Disclosure Initiative – IASB amends the accounting policy requirements What you need to know Highlights In February 2021, the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB or • On 12 February 2021, the IASB issued amendments to IAS 1 the Board) issued amendments to IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements and the PS to provide guidance in which it provides guidance and examples to help entities apply materiality on the application judgements to accounting policy disclosures. The Board also issued amendments of materiality judgements to to IFRS Practice Statement 2 Making Materiality Judgements (the PS) to support accounting policy disclosures. the amendments in IAS 1 by explaining and demonstrating the application of the ‘four-step materiality process’ to accounting policy disclosures. • The amendments to IAS 1 replace the requirement to In particular, the amendments aim to help entities provide accounting policy disclose ‘significant’ accounting disclosures that are more useful by: policies with a requirement to disclose ‘material’ accounting • Replacing the requirement for entities to disclose their ‘significant’ accounting policies. policies with a requirement to disclose their ‘material’ accounting policies; and Adding guidance on how entities apply the concept of materiality in making • Guidance and illustrative • examples are added in the PS to decisions about accounting policy disclosures. assist in the application of the materiality concept when Background making judgements about In an attempt to enhance communication in financial reporting, the IASB has made accounting policy disclosures. ‘Better Communication in Financial Reporting’ a central theme of its standard- setting activities in recent years. The Disclosure Initiative is part of the IASB’s • The amendments to IAS 1 will be effective for annual periods Better Communication theme and aims to address how the effectiveness of starting on or after 1 January disclosures in IFRS financial statements can be improved. -
Update IFRS 9: Current Implementation Challenges and Solution Approaches
Update IFRS 9: Current implementation challenges and solution approaches Risk EMEA conference, 10 May 2017 Implementation of IFRS 9 is much more than just a simple Change in Bank Accounting – enormous changes and challenges to be considered Impact of IFRS 9 on financial institutions Impact of IFRS 9 Challenges for Top Management IFRS 9 Accounting rules will replace actual Standard IAS 39 per 1.1.2018 GET guidance for IFRS 9 defines new standards for P&L & equity impact financial instruments with significant 1 impact on financial institutions FOSTER co-operation IFRS 9 directly affects P&L and Strong Impact between Risk and balance sheet positions, regulatory of IFRS 9 Finance function capital and major KPIs challenges Top In addition, due to numerous new Management MANAGE high change regulatory requirements business, and run the bank costs process and IT dependencies with IFRS 9 need to proactively considered and managed PREPARE EBA “stress test” 2018 with focus Therefore a change management for on IFRS 9 impact the organization, processes and IT landscape is necessary 1 With new requirements for the insurance contract insurance companies have a longer transition period with 2021. Big players have started in 2017 with goal to complete in 2018. Source: zeb Risk EMEA Conference 2017 20170510_IFRS 9 impact - 2 IFRS 9 implies significant economic and organizational impact on banks which report their financial statements according to IFRS IFRS 9 impact on banks Based on EBA Impact Study Survey results based on a sample of 58 institutions zeb view 1 CET1 ratio is estimated to decrease on “What effect does IFRS 9 have on existing equity?” average by up to 80 bps and total capital Equity <-10 bps >-70bps ratio by up to 50 bps. -
Accounting and Auditing Investing in Switzerland a Guide for Chinese Companies Audit & Assurance Contents
Accounting and Auditing Investing in Switzerland A guide for Chinese companies Audit & Assurance Contents Introduction 1 Swiss accounting framework 3 Financial information requirement by size and type of company 4 Regular accounting requirements 6 Requirements for larger companies 7 Financial reporting requirements: comparison between CAS, IFRS and Swiss GAAP 8 Audit requirements 28 Ordinary audit 29 Limited statutory examination 29 Contact 30 Accounting and Auditing | Investing in Switzerland | A guide for Chinese companies Introduction Since 2010 China has been Switzerland’s most important trading partner in Asia. Following negotiations that began in 2011, a bilateral free-trade agreement was signed in Beijing in July 2013. After receiving approval from the National Council and the Council of States, this agreement between the People’s Republic of China and Switzerland came into effect on 1 July 2014. As a consequence of China’s accession to the WTO, trading Given the importance of the relationship between China and activities with and within China have been expanding at Switzerland and the increasing flow of investments since the rapid speed. China understands fully that a sound financial signing of the free trade agreement, we are pleased to present a reporting system plays a key role in this process of economic guide specifically tailored to Chinese investors seeking investment development. The Chinese Ministry of Finance (MOF), which has opportunities in Switzerland. We have focused on the accounting the responsibility for regulating accounting matters in China, has and auditing frameworks in Switzerland and leveraged Deloitte’s set itself the objectives of fostering investor confidence in financial knowledge of CAS to provide a comparison between CAS, IFRS and information, increasing transparency in financial reporting and Swiss Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (Swiss GAAP).