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OGC-98-5 U.S. Insular Areas: Application of the U.S. Constitution
United States General Accounting Office Report to the Chairman, Committee on GAO Resources, House of Representatives November 1997 U.S. INSULAR AREAS Application of the U.S. Constitution GAO/OGC-98-5 United States General Accounting Office GAO Washington, D.C. 20548 Office of the General Counsel B-271897 November 7, 1997 The Honorable Don Young Chairman Committee on Resources House of Representatives Dear Mr. Chairman: More than 4 million U.S. citizens and nationals live in insular areas1 under the jurisdiction of the United States. The Territorial Clause of the Constitution authorizes the Congress to “make all needful Rules and Regulations respecting the Territory or other Property” of the United States.2 Relying on the Territorial Clause, the Congress has enacted legislation making some provisions of the Constitution explicitly applicable in the insular areas. In addition to this congressional action, courts from time to time have ruled on the application of constitutional provisions to one or more of the insular areas. You asked us to update our 1991 report to you on the applicability of provisions of the Constitution to five insular areas: Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (the CNMI), American Samoa, and Guam. You asked specifically about significant judicial and legislative developments concerning the political or tax status of these areas, as well as court decisions since our earlier report involving the applicability of constitutional provisions to these areas. We have included this information in appendix I. 1As we did in our 1991 report on this issue, Applicability of Relevant Provisions of the U.S. -
Petition to List Eight Species of Pomacentrid Reef Fish, Including the Orange Clownfish and Seven Damselfish, As Threatened Or Endangered Under the U.S
BEFORE THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE PETITION TO LIST EIGHT SPECIES OF POMACENTRID REEF FISH, INCLUDING THE ORANGE CLOWNFISH AND SEVEN DAMSELFISH, AS THREATENED OR ENDANGERED UNDER THE U.S. ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT Orange Clownfish (Amphiprion percula) photo by flickr user Jan Messersmith CENTER FOR BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY SUBMITTED SEPTEMBER 13, 2012 Notice of Petition Rebecca M. Blank Acting Secretary of Commerce U.S. Department of Commerce 1401 Constitution Ave, NW Washington, D.C. 20230 Email: [email protected] Samuel Rauch Acting Assistant Administrator for Fisheries NOAA Fisheries National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration 1315 East-West Highway Silver Springs, MD 20910 E-mail: [email protected] PETITIONER Center for Biological Diversity 351 California Street, Suite 600 San Francisco, CA 94104 Tel: (415) 436-9682 _____________________ Date: September 13, 2012 Shaye Wolf, Ph.D. Miyoko Sakashita Center for Biological Diversity Pursuant to Section 4(b) of the Endangered Species Act (“ESA”), 16 U.S.C. § 1533(b), Section 553(3) of the Administrative Procedures Act, 5 U.S.C. § 553(e), and 50 C.F.R.§ 424.14(a), the Center for Biological Diversity hereby petitions the Secretary of Commerce and the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (“NOAA”), through the National Marine Fisheries Service (“NMFS” or “NOAA Fisheries”), to list eight pomacentrid reef fish and to designate critical habitat to ensure their survival. The Center for Biological Diversity (“Center”) is a non-profit, public interest environmental organization dedicated to the protection of imperiled species and their habitats through science, policy, and environmental law. The Center has more than 350,000 members and online activists throughout the United States. -
Morphology and Histology of the Testicles
MORPHOLOGY AND HISTOLOGY OF THE TESTICLES OF QUEEN ANGELFISH Holacanthus ciliaris Arquivos de Ciências do Mar (LINNAEUS, 1758) (TELEOSTEI: PERCIFORMES: POMACANTHIDAE) Morfologia e histologia dos testículos do peixe-anjo Holacanthus ciliaris (Linnaeus, 1758) (Teleostei: Perciformes: Pomacanthidae) Mara C. Nottingham1 , José Roberto Feitosa Silva2 , Maria Elisabeth de Araújo1, 3 ABSTRACT Aspects of the morphology and histology of the testicles of Holacanthus ciliaris were studied in this research. Monthly collections of living fish, totaling 39 males, were carried out between December, 2000 and November, 2001 on the coast of Ceará State, Brazil. The total length of the fish varied between 63.4 mm and 334 mm, the standard length between 50.9 mm and 270 mm, and the total weight between 6,70 g and 590 g. The testicles were bilobed and ribbon-like in shape, with firm texture and coloration varying between transparent and amber. In the histological study, male gametes were found in all espermatogenesis stages along the months of the year. Key words: Holacanthus ciliaris, Pomacanthidae, reef fish, reproduction. RESUMO Aspectos da morfologia e histologia de testículos de Holacanthus ciliaris foram estudados nesta pesquisa. Coletas mensais de peixes vivos, totalizando 39 machos, foram realizadas entre os meses de dezembro de 2000 e novembro de 2001 na costa do Estado do Ceará. O comprimento total dos peixes variou entre 63,4 e 334mm, o comprimento padrão entre 50,9 e 270mm e o peso total entre 6,70 e 590g. Os testículos apresentavam-se bilobulados, em forma de fita, com textura firme e coloração variando entre transparente e âmbar. No estudo histológico foram encontrados gametas masculinos em todos os estágios da espermatogênese durante os meses do ano. -
2021 2022 FCC Form 499-A Telecommunications Reporting
2021 2022 FCC Form 499-A Telecommunications Reporting Worksheet (Reporting 2020 2021 Revenues) APPROVED BY OMB 3060-0855 >>> Please read instructions before completing.<<< Annual Filing -- due April 1, 20212022 Block 1: Contributor Identification Information During the year, filers must refile Blocks 1, 2 and 6 if there are any changes in Lines 104 or 112. See Instructions. 101 Filer 499 ID [If you don't know your number, contact the administrator at (888) 641-8722. If you are a new filer, write “NEW” in this block and a Filer 499 ID will be assigned to you.] 102 Legal name of filer 103 IRS employer identification number [Enter 9 digit number] 104 Name filer is doing business as 105 Telecommunications activities of filer [Select up to 5 boxes that best describe the reporting entity. Enter numbers starting with “1” to show the order of importance -- see instructions.] Audio Bridging (teleconferencing) Provider CAP/CLEC Cellular/PCS/SMR (wireless telephony inc. by resale) Coaxial Cable Incumbent LEC Interconnected VoIP Interexchange Carrier (IXC) Local Reseller Non-Interconnected VoIP Operator Service Provider Paging Payphone Service Provider Prepaid Card Private Service Provider Satellite Service Provider Shared-Tenant Service Provider / Building LEC SMR (dispatch) Toll Reseller Wireless Data Other Local Other Mobile Other Toll If Other Local, Other Mobile or Other Toll is checked describe carrier type / services provided: 106.1 Affiliated Filers Name/Holding Company Name (All affiliated companies must show the same -
B: Other U.S. Island Possessions in the Tropical Pacific
Appendix B Other U.S. Island Possessions in the Tropical Pacific1 Introduction Howland, Jarvis, and Baker Islands There are eight isolated and unincorporated is- Howland, Jarvis and Baker are arid coral islands lands and reefs under U.S. control and sovereignty in the southern Line Island group (figure B-l). Aside in the tropical Pacific Basin. Included in this cate- from American Samoa, Jarvis Island is the only gory are: Kingman Reef, Palmyra and Johnston other U.S.-affiliated island in the Southern Hemi- Atolls in the northern Line Island group; Howland, sphere. These islands lie within one-half degree Baker and Jarvis Islands in the southern Line Is- from the equator, in the equatorial climatic zone. land group; Midway Atoll at the northwest end of During the 19th century the United States and the Hawaiian archipelago; and Wake Island north Britain actively exploited the significant guano de- of the Marshall Islands. Evidence indicates that posits found on these three islands. Jarvis Island some of these islands were not inhabited prior to was claimed by the United States in 1857, and sub- “Western” discovery; and today some remain unin- sequently annexed by Britain in 1889. Jarvis, Howland, habited. and Baker Islands were made territories of the These islands range from less than 1 degree south United States in 1936, and placed under the juris- latitude to nearly 29 degrees north latitude and from diction of the Department of the Interior. The is- 162 degrees west to 167 east longitude. The climate lands currently are uninhabited. regimes range from arid to wet and equatorial to These atolls were used as weather stations and subtropical. -
LAYSAN ALBATROSS Phoebastria Immutabilis
Alaska Seabird Information Series LAYSAN ALBATROSS Phoebastria immutabilis Conservation Status ALASKA: High N. AMERICAN: High Concern GLOBAL: Vulnerable Breed Eggs Incubation Fledge Nest Feeding Behavior Diet Nov-July 1 ~ 65 d 165 d ground scrape surface dip fish, squid, fish eggs and waste Life History and Distribution Laysan Albatrosses (Phoebastria immutabilis) breed primarily in the Hawaiian Islands, but they inhabit Alaskan waters during the summer months to feed. They are the 6 most abundant of the three albatross species that visit 200 en Alaska. l The albatross has been described as the “true nomad ff Pok e of the oceans.” Once fledged, it remains at sea for three to J ht ig five years before returning to the island where it was born. r When birds are eight or nine years old they begin to breed. y The breeding season is November to July and the rest of Cop the year, the birds remain at sea. Strong, effortless flight is commonly seen in the southern Bering Sea, Aleutian the key to being able to spend so much time in the air. The Islands, and the northwestern Gulf of Alaska. albatross takes advantage of air currents just above the Nonbreeders may remain in Alaska throughout the year ocean's waves to soar in perpetual fluid motion. It may not and breeding birds are known to travel from Hawaii to flap its wings for hours, or even for days. The aerial Alaska in search of food for their young. Albatrosses master never touches land outside the breeding season, but have the ability to concentrate the food they catch and it does rest on the water to feed and sleep. -
A Review of Recent Developmenets in Ocean and Coastal Law 2001-2002 Karla Black University of Maine School of Law
Ocean and Coastal Law Journal Volume 7 | Number 2 Article 6 January 2002 A Review Of Recent Developmenets In Ocean And Coastal Law 2001-2002 Karla Black University of Maine School of Law Denis Culley University of Maine School of Law Jeffrey Dolley University of Maine School of Law Gregory Domareki University of Maine School of Law Sara Edmonds University of Maine School of Law See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.mainelaw.maine.edu/oclj Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Karla Black, Denis Culley, Jeffrey Dolley, Gregory Domareki, Sara Edmonds, Kevin Fitzgerald, Rody Fowles, Michael Fuller, John Hatch, Katherin Joyce, Sean Kerwin, Jacqueline Lewy, Daniel Marra, Sarah McCready, John M. Ney, Jr., Chad Olcott, Mary Saunders, Vanessa Tondini, David Walker & Danielle West-Chuhta, A Review Of Recent Developmenets In Ocean And Coastal Law 2001-2002, 7 Ocean & Coastal L.J. (2002). Available at: http://digitalcommons.mainelaw.maine.edu/oclj/vol7/iss2/6 This Recent Developments is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at University of Maine School of Law Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Ocean and Coastal Law Journal by an authorized editor of University of Maine School of Law Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A Review Of Recent Developmenets In Ocean And Coastal Law 2001-2002 Authors Karla Black; Denis Culley; Jeffrey Dolley; Gregory Domareki; Sara Edmonds; Kevin Fitzgerald; Rody Fowles; Michael Fuller; John Hatch; Katherin Joyce; Sean Kerwin; Jacqueline Lewy; Daniel Marra; Sarah McCready; John M. -
51 Subpart 3.70—Fourteenth Coast Guard District
Coast Guard, DHS § 3.70–20 latitude 47°32′00″ N, longitude 123°18′00″ due south to latitude 40° N.; thence due W; thence west along latitude 47°32′00″ east to longitude 150° W.; thence south- N to the outermost extent of the EEZ; easterly through latitude 5° S., lon- thence northeast along the outermost gitude 110° W. extent of the EEZ to the Canadian bor- der; thence east along the Canadian [CGFR 61–40, 26 FR 10352, Nov. 3, 1961, as amended by CGFR 70–150, 36 FR 912, Jan. 20, border to the point of origin. 1971] [USCG–2006–25556, 72 FR 36326, July 2, 2007] § 3.70–10 Sector Honolulu Marine In- § 3.65–15 Sector Portland Marine In- spection Zone and Captain of the spection Zone and Captain of the Port Zone. Port Zone. Sector Honolulu’s office is located in Sector Portland’s office is located in Honolulu, HI. The boundaries of Sector Portland, OR. The boundaries of Sector Honolulu’s Marine Inspection Zone and Portland’s Marine Inspection and Cap- Captain of the Port Zone comprise the tain of the Port Zones start at the State of Hawaii, including all the is- Washington coast at latitude 47°32′00″ lands and atolls of the Hawaiian chain N, longitude 124°21′15″ W, proceeding and the adjacent waters of the exclu- along this latitude east to latitude sive economic zone (EEZ); and the fol- 47°32′00″ N, longitude 123°18′00″ W; lowing islands and their adjacent wa- thence south to latitude 46°55′00″ N, ters of the EEZ: American Samoa, longitude 123°18′00″ W; thence east Johnston Atoll, Palmyra Atoll, King- along this latitude to the eastern Idaho man Reef, Wake Island, Jarvis Island, state line; thence southeast along the Howland and Baker Islands, and Mid- Idaho state line to the intersection of way Island. -
The Global Trade in Marine Ornamental Species
From Ocean to Aquarium The global trade in marine ornamental species Colette Wabnitz, Michelle Taylor, Edmund Green and Tries Razak From Ocean to Aquarium The global trade in marine ornamental species Colette Wabnitz, Michelle Taylor, Edmund Green and Tries Razak ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS UNEP World Conservation This report would not have been The authors would like to thank Helen Monitoring Centre possible without the participation of Corrigan for her help with the analyses 219 Huntingdon Road many colleagues from the Marine of CITES data, and Sarah Ferriss for Cambridge CB3 0DL, UK Aquarium Council, particularly assisting in assembling information Tel: +44 (0) 1223 277314 Aquilino A. Alvarez, Paul Holthus and and analysing Annex D and GMAD data Fax: +44 (0) 1223 277136 Peter Scott, and all trading companies on Hippocampus spp. We are grateful E-mail: [email protected] who made data available to us for to Neville Ash for reviewing and editing Website: www.unep-wcmc.org inclusion into GMAD. The kind earlier versions of the manuscript. Director: Mark Collins assistance of Akbar, John Brandt, Thanks also for additional John Caldwell, Lucy Conway, Emily comments to Katharina Fabricius, THE UNEP WORLD CONSERVATION Corcoran, Keith Davenport, John Daphné Fautin, Bert Hoeksema, Caroline MONITORING CENTRE is the biodiversity Dawes, MM Faugère et Gavand, Cédric Raymakers and Charles Veron; for assessment and policy implemen- Genevois, Thomas Jung, Peter Karn, providing reprints, to Alan Friedlander, tation arm of the United Nations Firoze Nathani, Manfred Menzel, Julie Hawkins, Sherry Larkin and Tom Environment Programme (UNEP), the Davide di Mohtarami, Edward Molou, Ogawa; and for providing the picture on world’s foremost intergovernmental environmental organization. -
Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument The Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument falls within the Central Pacific Ocean, ranging from Wake Atoll in the northwest to Jarvis Island in the southeast. The seven atolls and islands included within the monument are farther from human population centers than any other U.S. area. They represent one of the last frontiers and havens for wildlife in the world, and comprise the most widespread collection of coral reef, seabird, and shorebird protected areas on the planet under a single nation’s jurisdiction. At Howland Island, Baker Island, Jarvis Island, Palmyra Atoll, and Kingman Reef, the terrestrial areas, reefs, and waters out to 12 nautical miles (nmi) are part of the National Wildlife Refuge System. The land areas at Wake Atoll and Johnston Atoll remain under the jurisdiction of The giant clam, Tridacna gigas, is a clam that is the largest living bivalve mollusk. the U.S. Air Force, but the waters from Photo: © Kydd Pollock 0 to 12 nmi are protected as units of the National Wildlife Refuge System. For all of the areas, fishery-related Marine National Monument, and orders long time periods throughout their entire activities seaward from the 12-nmi refuge of magnitude greater than the reefs near cultural and geological history. These boundaries out to the 50-nmi monument heavily populated islands. Expansive refuges are unique in that they were and boundary are managed by the National shallow coral reefs and deep coral forests, are still largely pristine, though many Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. -
Fishes Collected During the 2017 Marinegeo Assessment of Kāne
Journal of the Marine Fishes collected during the 2017 MarineGEO Biological Association of the ā ‘ ‘ ‘ United Kingdom assessment of K ne ohe Bay, O ahu, Hawai i 1 1 1,2 cambridge.org/mbi Lynne R. Parenti , Diane E. Pitassy , Zeehan Jaafar , Kirill Vinnikov3,4,5 , Niamh E. Redmond6 and Kathleen S. Cole1,3 1Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, MRC 159, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA; 2Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Original Article Singapore 117543, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore; 3School of Life Sciences, University of Hawai‘iatMānoa, 2538 McCarthy Mall, Edmondson Hall 216, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA; 4Laboratory of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology of Cite this article: Parenti LR, Pitassy DE, Jaafar Aquatic Organisms, Far Eastern Federal University, 8 Sukhanova St., Vladivostok 690091, Russia; 5Laboratory of Z, Vinnikov K, Redmond NE, Cole KS (2020). 6 Fishes collected during the 2017 MarineGEO Genetics, National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Vladivostok 690041, Russia and National Museum of assessment of Kāne‘ohe Bay, O‘ahu, Hawai‘i. Natural History, Smithsonian Institution DNA Barcode Network, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, MRC 183, Journal of the Marine Biological Association of Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA the United Kingdom 100,607–637. https:// doi.org/10.1017/S0025315420000417 Abstract Received: 6 January 2020 We report the results of a survey of the fishes of Kāne‘ohe Bay, O‘ahu, conducted in 2017 as Revised: 23 March 2020 part of the Smithsonian Institution MarineGEO Hawaii bioassessment. We recorded 109 spe- Accepted: 30 April 2020 cies in 43 families. -
Aquarium Fish Black List and Receommendations for the Management of Aquarium Fish Collection in French Polynesia
AQUARIUM FISH BLACK LIST AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF AQUARIUM FISH COLLECTION IN FRENCH POLYNESIA Prepared by Secretariat of the Paci�ic Community (SPC) for Direction des Ressources Marines et Minières de Polynésie Française Neocirrhites armatus Centropyge boylei Tony Nahacky Independent consultant Colette Wabnitz Fisheries O icer (Aquarium trade), SPC f� June 2014 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors would like to thank Luciano Perino of Ethiopian Live Fish Export Company, Aquarium Fish Fiji Ltd., and Chip Boyle of Cook Island Aquarium Fish, for their help with this project. Genicanthus bellus ‐ Discovered in Tahiti, French Polynesia; described in 1975 The information contained herein is copyright. No part of it may be reproduced without prior written permission of SPC. This study was made possible with the financial assistance of AusAID. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not reflect the official opinion of AusAID. In as far as any reference in this report is or may be taken to be for potential commercial returns upon an investment in any existing, contemplated or future project, no responsibility is undertaken to any person, including SPC. Page 2 of 26 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ......................................................................................................................... 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS .......................................................................................................................... 3 LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................................................