The Long Trails Project USP 549: REGIONAL PLANNING and METROPOLITAN GROWTH MANAGEMENT
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The Long Trails Project USP 549: REGIONAL PLANNING and METROPOLITAN GROWTH MANAGEMENT Toulan School of Urban Studies and Planning College of Urban and Public Affairs Portland State University Fall, 2012 Table of Contents I. Introduction and Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................................ 2 II. History of Long Trails and Regional Trail Networks ..................................................................................................... 6 III. Long Trails in Northwestern Oregon...............................................................................................................................20 IV. The Demand for Long Trails-based Recreation ...........................................................................................................36 V. Long Trails and Community Economic Development .............................................................................................52 VI. Long Trails Implementation ...............................................................................................................................................76 I. Introduction and Acknowledgements The Oregon Department of Forestry and the Oregon Parks Team 3: The Demand for trails-base recreation; analysis and Department are currently engaged in a joint assessment of a new critique of SCORP and similar surveys; trails in the context of trail extending from Garibaldi, on the Oregon coast, to the crest other recreational opportunities; long trails, short trails, loop of the coast range, and following, for part of its way, the course of trails, and other variants. the Salmonberry river. Several years ago, catastrophic floods and Team 4: Trails and Community Economic Development; slides wiped away the rail infrastructure along the Salmonberry, the potential strategic importance and contribution of trails once one of the key and only rail connections between the in this region to the economy of the state, to the vitality Willamette Valley and the coast. Now, with the impossibility of of metropolitan Portland, and to the prospects for rural retaining the rail corridor as an active rail line, the state is working communities associated with the trails and their use; trails as towards converting it to an 80-mile trail, using the “Salmonberry branding and economic development tools. Trail” as the working name. Team 5: Financing, Politics, Implementation strategies and However, this wouldn’t be the first “long trail” in our region. A next steps, using the Salmonberry and other trails (Pacific “long trail” provides a human-powered recreational experience Crest, Springwater, the Interwine, etc.) as examples. stretching over days, weeks, and occasionally months. Think of the Pacific Crest Trail, or others like it. The Salmonberry Trail could be This document presents the final report from each of the teams. not only a terrific project in its own right, but viewed as just the Our intent is for the information presented here to be used widely latest in a system of long trails able to provide signature hiking as the Salmonberry and other projects proceed. We believe that and biking experiences in Oregon and Southwestern Washington. long trails can and should play an important part in how we describe our regions, both to each other and to those from far Consider, for example, that the state of Oregon owns trail right- away. Each of the long trails initiatives, like the Salmonberry, are of-way that goes from the Mt. Hood National Forest to the end of exciting opportunities on their own. However, conceiving of them the Springwater Trail. The Springwater trail already brings hikers, as part of a system makes the promise and potential for any one bikers, commuters, and equestrians from rural Clackamas County project much greater, and for returning real benefits to involved all the way to Pioneer Square, in the heart of downtown Portland. communities that much greater. One day, the route will continue through the metropolitan area via the Intertwine, joining the Salmonberry trail to the coast in or near Each of the teams developed its report during the fall term, with a the town of Banks in western Washington County. In the not-too- final presentation to Mark Davision (OPRD), John Barnes (ODF), distant future, the well-known “Hood to Coast” race could be run Ken Pirie (Walker Macy), and Jim Thayer (Forest Walker), Mel Huie and walked completely on off the right-of-way trails for its entire (Metro and The Intertwine), and several others. The following distance. five chapters are those reports. This document was designed and produced by Lisa Harrison, a student in the class. This project This Long Trails Project has been conceived in partnership with could not have been done without the assistance, encouragement, the Oregon Parks Department to provide both a context and and support of Davison, Barnes, and Thayer, though of course, a definition for the Salmonberry Trail as part of a larger long all errors and confusion are the responsibility of the authors and trails network. Our goal has been to help better understand and the instructor. However, and importantly, this project could not illustrate the value and limitations of trails development for have been done without the enthusiasm, expertise, and creative both state and regional branding, and regional and community thinking of each of the students. The instructor thanks them for economic development. The Long Trails Project was conceived of engaging this topic in a spirit of discovery and enthusiasm. as part of USP 549:Regional Planning and Metropolitan Growth Management, a course offered to graduate planning students in For additional information about this document, please the Toulan School of Urban Studies and Planning at Portland State contact the instructor, Ethan Seltzer, at: [email protected] or University. The class organized itself into five teams to investigate 503-725-5169. the following topics during fall term, 2012: Team 1: Trail history - Case studies of comparable trail system development in other parts of the world; examples, history, and outcomes. Team 2: The (big) regional network of long trails, planned and proposed; a set of maps and a report that helps describe the broad opportunity and the specific role for the Salmonberry in the context of a broader, regional approach to making Northwestern Oregon a trails destination. 2 | Introduction II. History of Long Trails and Regional Trail Networks Authors: Ross Calhoun Derek Dauphin Laura Goodrich Chris Myers Jake Warr Cary Watters III. Long Trails in Northwestern Oregon Authors: Carine Arendes Shavon Caldwell Steven McAtee Ian Matthews Ryan Lemay Andrew Yaden IV. The Demand for Long Trails-based Recreation Authors: Chrissi Antonopoulos Michael Armstrong Mark Bernard Jaime Crawford CJ Doxee Lisa Harrison Beth Otto Susan Rosenthal V. Long Trails and Community Economic Development Authors: Ashley Harris Sarah Isbitz Brooke Jordan Rebecca Kennedy Jennifer Koch Salim Mayberry John Verssue VI. Long Trails Implementation Authors: Kate Drennan Aaron Lande Ryan Farncomb Brian Hurley Danell Norby Ashton Jones Ricardo Banuelos Zef Wagner The Long Trails Project | 3 4 | Introduction II. History of Long Trails and Regional Trail Networks The Long Trails Project | 5 INTRODUCTION Figure 1: Federal Township Survey Map of 1852 A review of the history of long trails can inform the trail development process. From ancient pilgrimage trails to modern recreational trails, these human-scale systems are an important component of human society and human ecology. Within the context of the Salmonberry Trail and its surrounding network, this history focuses on long trails primarily within North America. American Indian trails have existed since time immemorial, but documentation is limited. As one point of reference, Figure 1 (Federal Township Survey Map of 1852) shows American Indian trails in 1852 within the Portland area, east of the proposed Salmonberry long trail network. Sixty years after the creation of this map, long trails both known and contemplated today began to take shape as opportunities for recreation. This research involved coordination between team members to develop a matrix of over 50 trails, which were then divided into three chronological designations: 1) Ancient, 2) Post-industrial, and 3) Modern. This history focuses on 10 case studies, beginning with an ancient pilgrimage trail. From there we discuss the development of several National Scenic Trails (NSTs), which are Source: PBOT - http://www.portlandoregon.gov/transportation/article/65571 long distance, non-motorized trails that follow major geographic features or pass through scenic areas. Finally, current trail networks are explored that have been developed within the last couple of decades. Because other sections of this report address protection and freedom provided by the King of France, where the examples from a particular perspective, such as implementation majority of pilgrims originated. Enterprising French people settled or funding, this review of case studies is approached through a in towns along the pilgrimage routes, where their names appear in broad exploratory lens focused on major lessons learned in terms the archives. of trail project visioning. A review of these regional endeavors provides important lessons to carry forth in the development of The official guide for the pilgrimage was the Codex Calixtinus the Salmonberry long trail and the