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4“4H% @FJ 05585 -1.— —.—. 21 ‘T World Gas Conference - June 6-9, 2000- Nice - France

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4“4H% @FJ 05585 -1.— —.—. 21 ‘T World Gas Conference - June 6-9, 2000- Nice - France 4“4h% @FJ 05585 -1.— —.—._ 21 ‘T World Gas Conference - June 6-9, 2000- Nice - France REPORT OF WORKING COMMITTEE 2 PRODUCTION OF MANUFACTURED GASES RAPPORT DU COMITE DE TRAVAIL 2 PRODUTION DE GAZ MANUFACTURES Chairman/President Francis S. Lau United States of America I DISCLAIMER Portions of this document may be illegible in electronic image products. Images are produced from the best availabie original document. ABSTRACT The Committee’s work during this triennium focused on 4 topic areas. They are: the potential of hydrogen in meeting long term energy demands, future development prospects for manufactured gas units/gasification of coal, biomass, and opportunity materials for the production of electricity and chemicals, recovery of methane from coal seams, and update on management of contaminated gas sites. This report presents the status and the potentials of present and future opportunities for the gas industry in the areas of manufactured gases including hydrogen and coal bed/mine methane. The idea of hydrogen as an energy carrier is getting increased attention these days for its promise of super clean emissions at the point of use. The development of fuel cells for stationary and mobile applications has highlighted the need of hydrogen production, storage and infrastructure. Hydrogen appears destined to be a major energy source of the future. The industry for gasification is growing, particularly for the production of electricity and chemicals from opportunity fuels, such as petroleum coke from refineries. Coal and biomass are also getting increased interests due to their promise of high efficiency and lower emissions. Methane from coal mines is also getting increased attention due not only to its environmental benefits but also to its favorable own economics. The future of the energy industry will be price and environmentally driven. A well-informed gas industry will be in a position to continue to play a major role in the future of the energy industry world-wide. RESUME Les travaux du comite durant ce triennat ont porte sur 4 sujets: Ie potentiel de I’hydrogene a satisfaire Ies besoins a long terme en energie, Ies opportunities de developpement futures pour la gazeification de charbon, biomasse et autres combustibles interessants pour la production d’electricity et de produits chimiques, la recuperation du gaz de houille et I’avancement des travaux menes sur Ies sites gaziers pollues. Ce rapport presente la situation et Ie potentiel des occasions presentes et futures pour l’industrie gaziere clans Ies domaines des gaz manufactures, dent l’hydrogene et Ie gaz de houille. La possibility d’utiliser I’hydrogene en tant que vecteur d’energie est considered de plus en plus serieusement du fait de I’absence totale d’emission de polluants Iors I’utilisation. Le developpement des piles a combustible a mis en Iumiere Ies Iacunes en matiere de production d’hydrogene, de stockage et d’infrastructure. L’hydrogene devrait jouer un rble considerable clans Ie paysage energetique futur. L’industrie de la gazeification est en croissance, particulierement pour la production d’electricity et de produits chimiques a partir de combustibles pouvant se reveler interessants tel que Ie coke de petrole clans Ies raffineries. Le charbon et la biomasse jouissent egalement de plus d’attention du fait de progres en matiere de rendement et d’emissions. II en est de m~me pour Ie gaz de houille non seulement a cause des avantages environnementaux mais aussi a cause d’une bonne rentability economique. Les prix et Ies considerations environnementales continueront a determiner Ie futur des industries de I’energie. Une industrie gaziere bien informee sera bien placee pour continuer a jour un rde majeur clans [e devenir energetique de la planete. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1- Abstract 2 – Topics of the Committee Report 3- Round Table Sessions, Oral Papers and Committee Report 4 – Introduction 5- SG2. I The Potential of Hydrogen in Meeting Long-term Energy Demands 6- SG2.2 Future Development Prospects for Manufactured Gas Units/Gasification 7 – Coalbed Methane Report 8- Manufactured Gas Plant Site Remediation Update Appendix A - Gasification Plant Database Appendix B - Membership of the Committee and Committee Meetings TOPICS OF THE COMMITTEE REPORT SG2.I The Potential of Hydrogen in Meeting Long-term Energy Demands SG2.2 Future Development Prospects for Manufactured Gas Units/Gasification Coalbed Methane Manufactured Gas Plant Site Remediation ROUND TABLE SESSIONS, ORAL AND POSTER PRESENTATIONS Round Table Session RT21Theme: “Managing Carbon Dioxide Emission in the Energy Conversion Process” List of oral and poster presentations Papers: 021 Hydrogen activities in the EU Work Programme (511), Italy, Abraham Bahbout, Giampero Tartaglia 022 Hydrogen Energy Program (WE-NET) of Japan Ministry of International Trade and Industry (176), Japan, Kenzo Fukuda 023 Natural Gas and Hydrogen - Partners in an energy future (81) USA, Cathy Gregoire Padre, Neil Rossmeissl 024 Syngas and fuel gas from gasification of coal and wastes at Schwarze Pumpe, Germany (138), B. Buttker, H. Hirschfelder, W. Seifert, Helmut Vierrath 025 Coal bed methane enhancement with C02 sequestration (47), UK, Paul Freund, John Gale Poster: P201 Development of on-site high-purity hydrogen manufacturing equipment (239), Japan, Hiroki Furuta P202 From Landfill gas to towngas (247), China, James Y.C. Kwan, Philip K.S. Siu P203 Investigation of methane production efficiency from coal beds using computer simulation (54), Poland, Stanislaw Rychlicki, Jakub Siemek, Jerzy Stopa P204 Coal gas comeback to the energy market-Moving bed gasification in combined gas cycle for electricity and heat production (101 ), Czech Republic, Zdenek Bucko, Jaroslav Crha, Jiri Peterka, Frantisek Straka, Jiri Stritzko, Miroslav Zdrahal 4- INTRODUCTION This is the last of a series of reports prepared by the Committee on the Production of Manufactured Gases. When IGU was first established in 1913, all member countries has their uas indust~ based primarily in the production’ of town gas from coal. In the nineteen fifties and sixt;s, natural gas began to replace town gas in many parts of the world, due largely to its wide spread availability and superior properties over town gas from coal. Then in the nineteen nineties the industry experiences significant growth when the global economic expansion demanded not only low cost energy, but reliable and clean energy for fueling their economic growth around the world. Natural gas fits the bill. For the next triennium 2000-2003, the subject matter for the Committee on the Production of Manufactured Gases will be taken up by the Committee on Exploration and Production of Gases. The gas indust~ in some parts of the world is experiencing deregulation and market competition, not only from other gas companies but also from other energy industries. In addition, there is a growing number of new combined utilities providing both gas and electricity and then there are the mega energy companies that offers all forms of energy including water and other services to their customers, the one-stop shop. A well informed gas industry will be in a position to play a major role in the future of the energy industry worldwide. In this last report of the Committee on the Production of Manufactured Gases, the committee has identified three areas of potential opportunities for the gas industry: hydrogen, gasification of fossil and renewable resources, and coal mine/bed methane. The report preparation on ‘Hydrogen in meeting long-term energy demand’ was undertaken by Study Group 2.1 chaired by Mr. Y Asaoka of Japan. The report preparation on ‘Future Development Prospects for Manufactured Gas Units/Gasification’ was undertaken by Study Group 2.2 chaired by Mr. W. Seifert of Germany. In addition, updated reports on Coalbed Methane was prepared by S Rychlicki of Poland and on the Manufactured Gas Plant Site Remediation was prepared by M. Bernhart of Germany. Summary of the work of Study Group 2.1 In parallel with the steady increase in world energy consumption, global environmental problems have become a major concern for energy policy planners. Population increase and aspirations for higher living standards worldwide will exacerbate the problem and drastic energy policy changes must take place to ensure the survivability of the planet. The 21st century will require a judicious mix of energy sources to provide a transition from unsustainable fossil fuels to sustainable energy sources that will solve both local and global environmental problems. Although all fossil fuels produce anthropogenic C02 and are available in finite amounts, natural gas is considered to be the least environmentally damaging fossil fuel. In addition, its resource base might be secure for the long term by the enormous amount of natural gas estimated available in gas hydrates (methane trapped in cage-like structures existing in enormous volumes in the arctic and deep oceans). Wkh the increase in demand for clean fuels and the possibility of very large increases in resource volume, it is clear that the natural gas era is just beginning. In light of the study of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, a United Nations Organization) on the effects of carbon emissions, natural gas is also the logical transition fuel to low-carbon-content fuels, given its high hydrogen-to-carbon ratio. It is the natural transition fuel to hydrogen energy systems. The potential of hydrogen energy systems was recognized worldwide with the oil crisis of the 1970’s, when many countries initiated large research and development (R&D) programs related to hydrogen, particularly hydrogen produced from nuclear power that was expected to be “too cheap to meter.” However, the cost of hydrogen production proved to be high. In addition, hydrogen could not be rapidly deployed as an immediate substitute for petroleum. Given these factors, interest and financial support waned. Interest in hydrogen was renewed in the 1990’s with the recognition of its potential role in solving global environmental problems related to greenhouse gases.
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