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Profiles in Science: John Bennett Fenn Virginia Commonwealth University VCU Scholars Compass VCU Libraries Faculty and Staff ubP lications VCU Libraries 2012 Profiles in Science: John Bennett eF nn Kimberly Brady Cleveland Clinic Roy Brown Virginia Commonwealth University, [email protected] Emily Johnson University of Illinois at Chicago, [email protected] See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/libraries_pubs Part of the Chemistry Commons, and the Library and Information Science Commons as per Routletge new LIS author rights policy Downloaded from http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/libraries_pubs/24 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the VCU Libraries at VCU Scholars Compass. It has been accepted for inclusion in VCU Libraries Faculty and Staff ubP lications by an authorized administrator of VCU Scholars Compass. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Authors Kimberly Brady, Roy Brown, Emily Johnson, Shannon D. Jones, Margaret Henderson, Dana Ladd, Irene Lubker, and Jennifer A. McDaniel This article is available at VCU Scholars Compass: http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/libraries_pubs/24 Profiles in Sciences: John Bennett Fenn Kimberly Brady, Roy Brown, Emily Johnson, Shannon Jones, Margaret Henderson, Dana Ladd, Irene Lubker and Jennifer McDaniel Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA Abstract “Don’t ever try to be a scientist or engineer!” Had John Bennett Fenn listened to this advice given by his ninth grade teacher, he might not have gone on to pursue a career in analytical chemistry which would culminate in the attainment of the Nobel Prize in 2002. Gathered from interviews, publication analyses, glowing tributes, and his reminiscences, this paper outlines the academic and professional life of John Fenn from childhood through the end of his career in 2010. Keywords: John Bennett Fenn, analytical chemistry, professor, Nobel Prize, Virginia Commonwealth University, Yale University Running Title : Profiles in Science John Bennett Fenn Jennifer McDaniel is an Education and Research Librarian at the Tompkins-McCaw Library for the Health Sciences at Virginia Commonwealth University. Address correspondence to her at 509 North 12 th Street, Richmond, VA 23298-0582. E-mail: [email protected] 1 Introduction John Bennett Fenn was a professor of analytical chemistry in the Department of Chemistry at Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) from 1994 until his death in 2010. He was also an affiliate professor of chemical engineering at VCU’s School of Engineering. Fenn began his academic career at Princeton in 1952 until 1967 when he moved to Yale. Fenn was on the faculty at Yale from 1967 to 1994. He is best known for his award winning work on electrospray mass spectrometry which “has been used in chemistry laboratories around the world to rapidly and simply reveal what proteins a sample contains, revolutionizing the development of new medicines.”(Buckley 2010) For his work in the development of soft desorption ionization methods for mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules, Fenn received the 2002 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Fenn was not only one of the most influential and well- respected scientist in world, he was a beloved colleague, friend and mentor at VCU. This paper profiles Fenn’s life, education, and career. 2 Early Life and Education John Bennett Fenn was born on June 15, 1917 in New York, NY to Herbert Bennett Fenn and Jeanette Dingman Fenn (Grayson 2011). Herbert and Jeanette met while working for the Presbyterian Mission Board at the Sheldon Jackson Mission School in Sitka, Alaska. Herbert graduated from Rutgers in 1910, majoring in electrical engineering and Jeanette graduated from Columbia the same year with a degree in home economics and nutrition. The Presbyterian Mission Board hired Herbert as a handyman and to keep the school’s generator operational. Fenn’s mother taught home economics at the school. In an interview, Fenn recounts his parent’s story of how the Chairman of the Mission Board introduced the two new hires and warned Herbert and Jeanette not to fall in love. He followed his warning with an offer. The Chairman told the two that if they fell in love and got married, he would provide a home for the couple for the duration of their stay in Sitka (Fenn 2002). The two did indeed fall in love and marry. During a vacation cruise in 1996 Fenn visited the Mission School in Sitka and toured what he dubbed his parent’s “Honeymoon Cottage,” the same home offered to the wedded couple by the Mission Board Chairman. After miscarrying her first child, Jeanette’s physician informed her that her pelvic structure would necessitate that any future babies be delivered by Caesarian section. Though the couple enjoyed living in Sitka, Caesarian sections were not performed there during that time period. Fenn believed his parents would have remained in Sitka, but because they wanted to have children they decided to move to Hackensack, New Jersey (Fenn and El-Shall 2009). There, Fenn’s father obtained a position as superintendent of a waterproofing factory in the nearby town of Lodi, New Jersey. The factory specialized in producing water-resistant cotton duck cloth called Metacloth. John was born in 1917 while the couple lived in Hackensack. Three and a half years later the couple had another son, Norman. In what Fenn described as a “treasured” Saturday trip with his father to the waterproofing factory, Fenn received his first and what he called an “abrupt introduction” to chemistry when he lifted a cover off a tank and recoiled at the smell of cuprammonium solution (Fenn 2002). In an 3 interview, Fenn described the incident: “I still recoil at the memory of that ammoniacal, and demoniacal, assault on my eyes and nose. It was a startling revelation on how and why a whiff of smelling salts can often revive people from a dead faint!”(Fenn 2002) When Fenn was eight to nine years old, his parents bought him the “Book of Knowledge,” a twenty volume science encyclopedia for children. Fenn recalled spending hours looking over the volumes (Fenn 2002). During the Great Depression, in 1927, the waterproofing factory was sold and Fenn’s father lost his job (Fenn and El-Shall 2009). Although Fenn’s father began working at the Fokker Aircraft Company as a temporary draftsman, his reduced income could not pay for the house purchased just before he lost his job at the waterproofing factory. As the family’s finances dwindled, the family lost their new home to foreclosure in 1928 (Fenn 2002). When Fenn was eleven years old, his family moved from Hackensack, New Jersey to Berea, Kentucky. Berea, an Appalachian town, located forty miles south of Lexington, had a population of 3500 people at that time. Fenn’s father was offered a position teaching auto mechanics and practical electricity at Berea College, the same institution where Fenn’s aunt taught (Fenn and El-Shall 2009). Despite the frustrations of losing a job and home in Hackensack and an automobile accident on their journey to Berea, Fenn described their life in Berea as, “rich and rewarding beyond what any of us had dreamed” and said, “To this day my brother and I share those sentiments and count ourselves especially privileged to have been reared in what was a truly remarkable community.”(Fenn 2002) Fenn’s colleague David Muddiman credits Fenn’s college educated parents with instilling in Fenn, “the critical importance of education”(Muddiman 2011, 160). In the fall of 1928 after the family’s arrival in Berea, Fenn attended the Foundation Junior-High School, one of four schools comprising the institution known as Berea College; later he went on to enter Berea’s Academy and then College (Fenn and El-Shall 2009). The school did not charge the students tuition, however, the students were required to provide at least two hours of labor a day performing duties such as yard work, office duty, or working in the dining 4 hall, on-site bakery, broom factory, dairy, garden, sheep farm, or furniture making shop, weaving center (Fenn 2002). Fenn recalled a day from ninth-grade algebra when the teacher returned Fenn’s algebra exam with the message, “Don’t ever try to be a scientist or engineer!” written in red ink. Redeeming himself, Fenn completed the algebra class with a final grade of a B. He later successfully completed plane geometry, advanced algebra, and solid geometry with trigonometry earning an A in each class. Despite his grade redemption, Fenn believed he lacked mathematical skills which resulted in a substantial handicap throughout his career (Fenn 1996). In 1932, Fenn Graduated from Berea Academy, at the young age of fifteen. His parents thought he was much too young to enter into college, so Fenn enrolled in an extra year at the Academy. During this extra year he completed courses in mechanical drawing, shorthand, and piano. Fenn began Berea College with the class of 1938. He enrolled in an introduction to chemistry class his first year since he had enjoyed his chemistry class at the Academy. Fenn described his professor, Julian Capps, as, “A wonderful teacher who made his subject live.”(Fenn 2002) Fenn goes on to explain, “I was so seduced that Chemistry became my major even though Gravimetric Analysis gave me fits in my sophomore year”(Fenn 2002). Because Fenn attended summer school in 1936 in order to graduate the same year as a woman he fell in love with, Fenn was able to complete all but two class requirements and was granted a provisional membership in the class of 1937. His relationship with the woman ended just months later (Fenn 2002). Although he graduated in the spring 1937 commencement, Fenn completed course requirements at Purdue University during a summer session to receive his degree (Fenn 2002).
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