Einstein Studies Editors: Don Howard John Stachel
Published under the sponsorship of the Center for Einstein Studies, Boston University
Volume 1: Einstein and the History of General Relativity Don Howard and John Stachel, editors
Volume 2: Conceptual Problems of Quantum Gravity Abhay Ashtekar and John Stachel, editors
Volume 3: Studies in the History of General Relativity Jean Eisenstaedt and A.J. Kox, editors
Volume 4: Recent Advances in General Relativity Allen I. Janis and John R. Porter, editors
Volume 5: The Attraction of Gravitation: New Studies in the History of General Relativity John Earman, Michel Janssen and John D. Norton, editors
Volume 6: Mach’s Principle: From Newton’s Bucket to Quantum Gravity Julian B. Barbour and Herbert Pfister, editors
Volume 7: The Expanding Worlds of General Relativity Hubert Goenner, Jürgen Renn, Jim Ritter, and Tilman Sauer, editors
Volume 8: Einstein: The Formative Years, 1879–1909 Don Howard and John Stachel, editors
Volume 9: Einstein from ‘B’ to ‘Z’ John Stachel
Volume 10: Einstein Studies in Russia Yuri Balashov and Vladimir Vizgin, editors
Volume 11: The Universe of General Relativity A.J. Kox and Jean Eisenstaedt, editors A.J. Kox Jean Eisenstaedt Editors
The Universe of General Relativity
Birkhauser¨ Boston • Basel • Berlin A.J. Kox Jean Eisenstaedt Universiteit van Amsterdam Observatoire de Paris Instituut voor Theoretische Fysica SYRTE/UMR8630–CNRS Valckenierstraat 65 F-75014 Paris Cedex 1018 XE Amsterdam France The Netherlands
AMS Subject Classification (2000): 01A60, 83-03, 83-06
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The universe of general relativity / A.J. Kox, editors, Jean Eisenstaedt. p. cm. – (Einstein studies ; v. 11) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN-13 978-0-8176-4380-5 (alk. paper) ISBN-10: 0-8176-4380-X (alk. paper) 1. Relativity (Physics)–History–Congresses. 2. General relativity (Physics)–History–Congresses. 3. Gravitation–History–Congresses. 4. Cosmology–History–Congresses. 5. Unified field theories–History–Congresses. 6. Einstein, Albert, 1879-1955. I. Kox, Anne J., 1948- II. Eisenstaedt, Jean III. Series.
QC173.5.U55 2005 530.11–dc22 2005047817
ISBN-10 0-8176-4380-X e-IBSN 0-8176-4454-7 Printed on acid-free paper. ISBN-13 978-0-8176-4380-5