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Communism's Jewish Question
Communism’s Jewish Question Europäisch-jüdische Studien Editionen European-Jewish Studies Editions Edited by the Moses Mendelssohn Center for European-Jewish Studies, Potsdam, in cooperation with the Center for Jewish Studies Berlin-Brandenburg Editorial Manager: Werner Treß Volume 3 Communism’s Jewish Question Jewish Issues in Communist Archives Edited and introduced by András Kovács An electronic version of this book is freely available, thanks to the support of libra- ries working with Knowledge Unlatched. KU is a collaborative initiative designed to make high quality books Open Access. More information about the initiative can be found at www.knowledgeunlatched.org This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 License, as of February 23, 2017. For details go to http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. ISBN 978-3-11-041152-2 e-ISBN (PDF) 978-3-11-041159-1 e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-3-11-041163-8 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A CIP catalog record for this book has been applied for at the Library of Congress. Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available in the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de. © 2017 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston Cover illustration: Presidium, Israelite National Assembly on February 20-21, 1950, Budapest (pho- tographer unknown), Archive “Az Izraelita Országos Gyűlés fényképalbuma” Typesetting: -
Descendants of Nathan Spanier 17 Feb 2014 Page 1 1
Descendants of Nathan Spanier 17 Feb 2014 Page 1 1. Nathan Spanier (b.1575-Stadthagen,Schaumburg,Niedersachsen,Germany;d.12 Nov 1646-Altona,SH,H,Germany) sp: Zippora (m.1598;d.5 Apr 1532) 2. Isaac Spanier (d.1661-Altona) 2. Freude Spanier (b.Abt 1597;d.25 Sep 1681-Hannover) sp: Jobst Joseph Goldschmidt (b.1597-witzenhausen,,,Germany;d.30 Jan 1677-Hannover) 3. Moses Goldschmidt 3. Abraham Goldschmidt sp: Sulke Chaim Boas 4. Sara Hameln 4. Samuel Abraham Hameln sp: Hanna Goldschmidt (b.1672) 3. Jente Hameln Goldschmidt (b.Abt 1623;d.25 Jul 1695-Hannover) sp: Solomon Gans (b.Abt 1620;d.6 Apr 1654-Hannover) 4. Elieser Suessmann Gans (b.Abt 1642;d.16 Oct 1724-Hannover) sp: Schoenle Schmalkalden 5. Salomon Gans (b.Abt 1674-Hameln;d.1733-Celle) sp: Gella Warburg (d.1711) 6. Jakob Salomon Gans (b.1702;d.1770-Celle) sp: Freude Katz (d.1734) 7. Isaac Jacob Gans (b.1723/1726;d.12 Mar 1798) sp: Pesse Pauline Warendorf (d.1 Dec 1821) 8. Fradchen Gans sp: Joachim Marcus Ephraim (b.1748-Berlin;d.1812-Berlin) 9. Susgen Ephraim (b.24 Sep 1778-Berlin) 9. Ephraim Heymann Ephraim (b.27 Aug 1784;d.Bef 1854) sp: Esther Manasse 10. Debora Ephraim sp: Heimann Mendel Stern (b.1832;d.1913) 11. Eugen Stern (b.1860;d.1928) sp: Gertrude Lachmann (b.1862;d.1940) 12. Franz Stern (b.1894;d.1960) sp: Ellen Hirsch (b.1909;d.2001) 13. Peter Stern Bucky (b.1933-Berlin;d.2001) sp: Cindy 10. Friederike Ephraim (b.1833;d.1919) sp: Leiser (Lesser) Lowitz (b.Abt 1827;m.11 Jan 1854) 9. -
INFORMATION ISSUED by the ASSOCIATION of JEWISH REFUGEES in GREAT BRITAIN a FAIRFAX MANSIONS, Finchley RD
Vol. XVI No. 6 June, 1961 INFORMATION ISSUED BY THE ASSOCIATION OF JEWISH REFUGEES IN GREAT BRITAIN a FAIRFAX MANSIONS, FiNCHLEY RD. (corner Fairfax Rd.), London. N.W.3 0//<ce and Consultirm Hourt: Telepllone : MAIda Vale 9096/7 (General Oflice and Welfare for the Aged) Monday to Thursday 10 a.m."! p.m. 3—6 p.m. MAIda Vale 4449 (Emplovment Agencv. annuallv licented bv the L.C.C.. and Social Services Dept.) Friday 10 a.m.—l p.m. TAX EXEMPTION FOR SUCCESS AND OBLIGATIONS COMPENSATION PAYMENTS Report on AJR General Meeting Text of Finance Bill Clause This year's AJR General Meeting on May 16 into effect in so far as more than 40 AJR We refer to the article in our previous issue. Was marked by the success which, after many members devote their time to the well-being In the meantime, the Finance Bill, 1961, has years of intensive efforts, had been achieved a of the 'Homes ; they have thus made it possible been published. It contains in Clause 19 thc tew weeks ago : the tax exemption for com to run the Homes in a spirit which is in keeping detailed proposals regarding the exemption pensation payments. In the course of his with the background of the residents. How from U.K. tax of compensation for National- opening remarks, the Chairman, Mr. H. Reich- ever, it has become increasingly difficult to find Socialist persecution. The Clause reads as ^ann, read out a letter from the Association's members of our community who are able follows : President and past Chairman, Mr. -
II the Eichmann Affair
II The Eichmann Affair Introduction The capture of Adolf Eichmann on 11 May 1960 in Argentina embarrassed the lead- erships of the European Communist countries: Eichmann had committed his crimes mainly on the territory of Soviet-bloc countries. Immediately after his arrest, the Israeli authorities signalled that they were counting on the assistance and co-oper- ation of the Soviet, Polish, Czechoslovak and Hungarian governments in the legal proceedings. The main political decision-making bodies of the concerned parties discussed the various issues arising from Eichmann’s capture, and consulted with each other and their Soviet superiors on several occasions. The documents below were drawn up in the course of these consultations and, much like a case study, they offer insights into the mechanisms that resulted in a uniform policy strategy towards Israel and Jewish-related issues, a strategy that was adapted to Soviet interests. Furthermore, the documents also reveal the extent and nature of policy differences between the various countries, the manner in which they sought to realise their own goals, and how far they were prepared to go in pursuit of such goals. Eichmann’s capture was first mentioned in the Soviet press in a brief report on 25 May 1960.1 It was only a few days after the capture that reports began to appear in the Hungarian, Polish and Czechoslovak press. As the B’nai B’rith analysis in this volume (Document 11) shows, significant differences of emphasis existed. In the latter half of June, the UN Security Council – of which Poland was a member at the time, in addition to the Soviet Union – debated, following a request from Argentina, the breach of Argentinian sovereignty. -
The Chosen Many: Population Growth and Jewish Childcare in Central-Eastern Europe, 1500-1930”
THE PINHAS SAPIR CENTER FOR DEVELOPMENT TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY “The Chosen Many: Population Growth and Jewish Childcare in Central-Eastern Europe, 1500-1930” Maristella Botticinii, Zvi Ecksteinii, Anat Vaturiiii Discussion Paper No.4-16 March 2016 i Thanks to The Pinhas Sapir Center for Development at Tel Aviv University as well as Israeli Science Foundation grant no. 1401/2012 for their financial support 1 We wish to thank Dima Kolotilenko and Stas Tarasov for their excellent and devoted research assistance in collecting the data and summarizing the vast literature related to this paper. In addition, we wish to thank the following list of scholars who helped us with the project: Tali Berner, Sergio DellaPergola, Avner Greif, Judith Kalik, Jonathan Karp, Aviad Kleinberg, Joel Mokyr, Yochanan Petrovski-Stern, Moshe Rosman, Noga Rubin, Tamar Salmon-Mack, Merav Schnitzer, Shaul Stamper, Adam Teller, and Dorota Żołądź-Strzelczyk. i Maristella Botticini, Bocconi University and CEPR, [email protected] ii Zvi Eckstein, IDC Herzliya, Tel Aviv University and CEPR, [email protected] iii Anat Vaturi, Haifa University, [email protected]. Abstract: The paper documents the growth of the Jewish and non-Jewish populations in the regions of Germany-Austria (GA) and Poland-Lithuania (PL) from 1500 to 1930. Although borders changed considerably, we attempt to maintain comparability throughout the period. We summarize evidence that a large proportion of the Jewish population in PL originated from GA and find no significant evidence for the immigration of Khazars or any other Jewish group from the East. While the proportion of Jews in the total population of PL was only 0.13% in 1500, this figure reached more than 17% by 1880 and the Jewish population in PL constituted more than 75% of the global Jewish population in that year. -
Jewish Flight from the Bohemian Lands, 1938-1941
NETWORKS OF ESCAPE: JEWISH FLIGHT FROM THE BOHEMIAN LANDS, 1938-1941 Laura E. Brade A dissertation submitted to the faculty at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History. Chapel Hill 2017 Approved by: Christopher R. Browning Chad Bryant Konrad Jarausch Donald Raleigh Susan Pennybacker Karen Auerbach © 2017 Laura E. Brade ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT Laura E. Brade: Networks of Escape: Jewish Flight from the Bohemian Lands, 1938- 1941 (Under the direction of Christopher R. Browning and Chad Bryant) This dissertation tells the remarkable of a quarter of the Jewish population of Bohemia and Moravia who managed to escape Nazi-occupied Czechoslovakia between October 1938 and October 1941. Given all of the obstacles to emigration—an occupation government, a world war, international reluctance to grant visas, and extortionist Nazi emigration policies—this amounted to an extraordinary achievement. Czechoslovak Jews scattered across the globe, from Shanghai and India, to Madagascar and Ecuador. How did they accomplish this daunting task? The current scholarship has approached this question from the perspectives of governments, voluntary organizations, and individual refugees. However, by addressing the various actors in isolation, much of this research has focused either on condemning or heroizing these actors. As a result, the question of how Jewish refugees fled Europe has gone unanswered. Using the Bohemian Lands as a case study, I ask when and how rescue became possible. I make three major claims. First, I argue that a grassroots transnational network of escape facilitated leaving Nazi-occupied Europe. -
Die Historikerin Leni Yahil Anläßlich Des Erscheinens Ihres Werkes "Die Shoah
Miszelle Zeev W. Sadmon Düsseldorf- Potsdam - Jerusalem Die Historikerin Leni Yahil anläßlich des Erscheinens ihres Werkes "Die Shoah. Überlebenskampf und Vernichtung der europäischen Juden" 1 in deutscher Übersetzung Lebenswerk und Lebenslauf "Die Shoah" ist das Hauptwerk der israelischen Historikerin Leni Yahil. Dieses Buch, bemerkte die Historikerin in ihrem Vorwort zum ersten Band der hebräischen Ausgabe, hat sich nicht einfach schreiben lassen. Es machte einen komplizierten Entstehungsprozeß durch. 2Tatsächlich war "Die Shoah" das Resultat langjähriger Forschung, die eigentlich noch in den fünfziger Jahren ihren Anfang hatte. Vom Yad Vashem-Forschungszentrum3 war "Die Schoah" anfangs als kurzgefasstes Lehrbuch zum Studium des Holocaust gedacht. Auf Anregung des wissenschaftlichen Rates dieses Forschungszentrums wurde der Beschluß gefaßt, das Buch als umfangreiche Forschung zu veröffentlichen, wie dies bis dahin in der israelischen Historiographie des Holocaust noch nicht vorlag. "Die Shoah" erschien erstmals 1987 auf hebräisch in zwei Bänden. Der erste Band (1932 - 1939) lag bereits 1975 als Manuskript vor, den umfangreicheren zweiten Band, der sich 1 Leni Yahil : Die Shoah, Überlebenskampf und Vernichtung der europäischen Juden. Aus dem Amerikanischen von Jochen Bussmann, mit einem Geleitwort von Eberhard Jäckel, Lachterhand Verlag, München 1998. Das hebräische Wort "Schoah" bedeutet "Katastrophe, großes Unheil, Untergang". Leni Yahil: Hashoah. Goral Yehudei Eyropa 1932-1945, Verlag Schaken & Yad Vashem, 1987, s. I. 3 Yad Vashem:"The Holocaust Martyrs and Heroes' Remembrance Authority" wurde 1956 gegründet. Der Gesetzentwurf zur Gründung wurde vom damaligen Erziehungsminister Prof. Ben-Zion Dinur vorgelegt. Bereits vorher, in der ersten Hälfte der fünfziger Jahre, wurde im Kibbuz Lohamey Haghetaot "The Ghetto Fighters' House, Holocaust Documentation Center" errichtet. Geschichte im Westen (GiW) Jahrgang 14 (1999), S.2l0-220. -
Western Europe (1958)
Western Europe GREAT BRITAIN URING THE PERIOD from July 1, 1956, to June 30, 1957, the Anglo-Jewish D community brought to a close the celebration of the Tercentenary of the resettlement of the Jews in England in 1656. The community was affected to a particular degree by the controversies arising out of the in- vasion of the Suez Canal area by Anglo-French and Israel forces. The Tercentenary Although the major events commemorative of the Tercentenary took place before the period covered by this review (see AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK, 1957 [Vol. 58], p. 238), the celebrations continued until the end of 1956. On November 8, Sir Anthony Blunt, Keeper of the Queen's Pictures, opened an exhibition at Whitechapel Art Gallery of works by eighty-nine Anglo-Jewish artists born between 1709 and 1938. An exhibition at the Public Record Office lasted from February 22 to March 13, 1957. In Leeds there was a special service attended by the lord mayor and addressed by the chief rabbi (November 4), and a lecture by the Archbishop of York (November 26). Other communities organized celebrations on a smaller scale. The sponsors of the Tercentenary celebrations had planned to raise £200,000 ($560,000) with the object of endowing teaching positions in Jewish studies at British universities and training Jewish youth leaders as a per- manent memorial of the event. The appeal, which was announced publicly on September 7, 1956, proved to be a failure, little being raised in addition to the £68,000 ($190,400) obtained by private canvass. When the executive body of the Tercentenary Council met on December 11, disappointment with the result was expressed, and there was pointed criticism of the chairman of the appeal commitee. -
UJA Study Missions: 1961-1963." 1961-1963
MS-763: Rabbi Herbert A. Friedman Collection, 1930-2004. Series H: United Jewish Appeal, 1945-1995. Subseries 4: Administrative Files, 1945-1994. Box Folder 55 1 "UJA Study Missions: 1961-1963." 1961-1963. For more information on this collection, please see the finding aid on the American Jewish Archives website. 3101 Clifton Ave, Cincinnati, Ohio 45220 513.487.3000 AmericanJewishArchives.org THE STORY OF THE FIRST UNITED JEWISH APPEAL YOUNG LEADERSHIP MISSION TO EUROPE AND ISRAEL Members of the Mission meet with Israel President ltxhak Ben-Zvi at tour's end. His eloquent state ment of Israel's meaning and importance mode a deep impression on all of us. "Questions and Answers" This i an account of a voyage of disco,.ery and facts than any other UJA Mission." R abbi H er elf-di~overy taken by 140 young American Jews ben A. Friedman. UJA Executive Vice-Chairman -member of the first UJA Young Leadership and Mi ion leader. told our group at its closing Mission. se.,sion an Jcru alem. Wednesday evening. June Since the end of World War IJ . the UJA has 14. And not one of u in h1), audience. sunburned, sponsored or given its blessing to many group sur tired .1 ftcr ~ •>.tee n days of strenuous travel and veys of Jewish life in Europe and Israel by Amer study, yet excited and happy, was ready to dis ican Jewish leaders. agree with this summary. The top level annual United Jewish Appeal Study Mission has become a vital and impressive The Fint UJA Young Leadership Mission fixture of American Jewish communal life. -
Central Europe
Central Europe WESTERN GERMANY HROUGHOUT 1953 and the first half of 1954 developments on the Ger- T man political stage were overshadowed by the struggle over the Euro- pean Defense Community (EDC), and by the attempts to restore sovereignty to West Germany. Following Chancellor Konrad Adenauer's landslide victory in the national elections of September 1953, the two houses of parliament, in February- March 1954, amended the constitution of the Federal Republic of Germany so as to remove all doubts of the constitutionality of German adherence to the EDC and concomitant remilitarization. The amendments were promptly approved by the Allied High Commission. The Federal Republic, through the signature of President Theodor Heuss (March 30, 1954), then completed ratification of the Paris Treaty setting up the EDC, which Chan- cellor Adenauer had signed almost two years before. Under Adenauer's single-minded leadership, the West German government predicated its plans and policies on the belief that the other five EDC signatories—France, Italy, and the Benelux countries—would ratify as well. When the French National Assembly refused its assent in August 1954, consternation reigned. Efforts were undertaken to find another solution which would first restore to West- ern Germany "full and undiminished" sovereignty and, with the active help of the United States and Great Britain, would allow the plans for the re- armament of West Germany to proceed. The German leaders no longer considered the Bonn conventions of 1952, which never entered into force due to the failure of EDC, to be adequate. Friendship between the United States and West Germany, much in evi- dence during the year, was highlighted by gestures of good will on both sides. -
Proquest Dissertations
NOTE TO USERS This reproduction is the best copy available. UMJ* mn u Ottawa L'Universite canadienne Canada's university ITTTT FACULTE DES ETUDES SUPERIEURES l^^J FACULTY OF GRADUATE AND ET POSTOCTORALES u Ottawa POSDOCTORAL STUDIES L'Universite canadienne Canada's university Jacob Peter Hogan AUTEUR DE LA THESE / AUTHOR OF THESIS M.A. (History) GRADE/DEGREE Department of History FACULTE, ECOLE, DEPARTEMENT / FACULTY, SCHOOL, DEPARTMENT Democracy, Duplicity and Dimona: The United States if America, Israel and the Globe Since 1949 TITRE DE LA THESE / TITLE OF THESIS Galen Perrras DIRECTEUR (DIRECTRICE) DE LA THESE / THESIS SUPERVISOR CO-DIRECTEUR (CO-DIRECTRICE) DE LA THESE / THESIS CO-SUPERVISOR Ryne Seferdjeli Heather Murray Gary W. Slater Le Doyen de la Faculte des etudes superieures et postdoctorales / Dean of the Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies Democracy, Duplicity and Dimona: The United States of America, Israel and the Globe since 1949 By Jacob Peter Hogan Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies In partial fulfillment of the requirements For the MA degree in name of program Department of History Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies University of Ottawa © Jacob Peter Hogan, Ottawa, Canada, 2010 Library and Archives Bibliotheque et 1*1 Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de I'edition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-65972-4 Our file Notre reference -
Kennedy, Israel, and Dimona
University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository Graduate Studies The Vault: Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2019-12-16 Respect and Mistrust: Kennedy, Israel, and Dimona Cahill, Adam Cahill, A. (2019). Respect and Mistrust: Kennedy, Israel, and Dimona (Unpublished doctoral thesis). University of Calgary, Calgary, AB. http://hdl.handle.net/1880/111354 doctoral thesis University of Calgary graduate students retain copyright ownership and moral rights for their thesis. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission. Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY Respect and Mistrust: Kennedy, Israel, and Dimona by Adam Cahill A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY GRADUATE PROGRAM IN HISTORY CALGARY, ALBERTA DECEMBER, 2019 © Adam Cahill 2019 Abstract This dissertation is an examination of American-Israeli relations through the lens of American nonproliferation policy, pertaining to the Israeli nuclear program known as Dimona. President John F. Kennedy held a favourable view of Israel; he admired the Jewish state as it fit neatly within his worldview of a nation worth supporting in the Cold War. Kennedy’s dominant priority of nonproliferation, stopping the Israelis from developing a nuclear program, overruled this positive view of Israel. For the first two years of his Presidency, 1961 and 1962, Kennedy tolerated Israeli behaviour and maintained a positive view of Israel.