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32-Eastern Ghats,12(3) 2006.Pdf EPTRI - ENVIS Newsletter Vol. 12, No.3, 2006 Volume 12 No.3, 2006 The Eastern Ghats EPTRI - ENVIS Newsletter Aquatic Faunal diversity in Eastern Ghats Contents Carassius carassius Page No. 1. Evaluation of Fish Biodiversity of Eastern Ghats Region for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization.................................2 2. Studies on Fish Diversity in the streams in Poecilia reticulate Nallamalai Hill Range, A component of the Eastern Ghats in Andhra Pradesh.......................8 3. Abstracts and News Items.................................10 Hypophthalmichthys molitrix The ENVIS Centre on Eastern Ghats is a decentralized environmental information centre established by the Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of India. For e w o r d ur endeavour has been to bring out the Newsletter ‘The OEastern Ghats‘ on issues considered as data gaps. The jurisdiction of the ecologically fragile region is vast and in some Oreochromis mossambica instances the hill region intrudes into the marine waters and gives rise from gradual to steep gradients forming continental shelves that harbour benthic organisms that serve as food for some of the endangered marine fauna like Hawksbill Turtle, Green Turtle and Olive Ridley. Gambusia affinis In this context, the aquatic fauna of the Eastern Ghats would cover fauna of both the fresh water and marine environment. Oreochromis niloticus The theme: ‘Aquatic faunal diversity of the Eastern Ghats‘ covers a diverse range of species from zooplanktons to aquatic mammals. This issue includes articles received from scientists of the National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow and a pertinent Paper from scholars from Acharya Nagarjuna The forthcoming issue would also be on Aquatic faunal University, Guntur. The emphasis of both the articles is on fish diversity of the Eastern Ghat. Articles, write-ups and news items on diversity in the Eastern Ghats region. The selection of abstracts the theme are invited from our readers. range from the effects of shrimp farming; aquatic faunal The mailing list is being revised to affect some dispatches by diversity in Chilika Lake; important nesting habitats of Olive designations, in cases of organizational and institutional Ridley turtles; new species of snails etc. addresses, as we have received some issues undelivered. We request our readers to kindly intimate by e-mail any change of ENVIS Coordinator postal (or e-mail) addresses with names and contact details of others who may be interested in receiving a copy of the Newsletter. Note:The views expressed in the article/s are of the Authors. 1 ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION TRAINING & RESEARCH INSTITUTE (EPTRI), HYDERABAD EPTRI - ENVIS Newsletter Vol. 12, No.3, 2006 Evaluation of Fish Biodiversity of Eastern Ghats Region for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization W.S. Lakra and U.K.Sarkar National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources Canal Ring Road, PO: Dilkusha, Lucknow 226002, U.P Introduction these are Venkatateswaralu and Bakde 1986; Lazarus et al. 1988, Devi and Menon 1995, Devi and Raghunathan 1999, India is one of the mega biodiversity hot spots Devi and Indra 2003). Report of the Arunachalam and contributing to the World’s biological resources from the Johnson (1999) indicate distribution of barb Barbodes long stretches of Eastern Ghats on the East, the greater carnaticus(Cyprinidae: Cypriniformes) from the streams of Himalaya range on the Northern Plains and Western Ghats Eastern Ghats of Tamil Nadu which showing affinities on the west. The Eastern Ghats range is unique in its own between Western Ghat and Eastern Ghats of Tamilnadu. way to host many valuable flora and fauna from time Prasad and Rao(1999) on the fishes from the Hill streams of o immemorial. The Eastern Ghats are located between 77 22’ Araku, Andhra Pradesh, recorded 11 species. It is a o o o and 85 20’ longitude and 11 30’ and 20 00’ N well-recognized fact that there has been drastic reduction in latitude(Fig.1). The Eastern Ghats, unlike the Western Ghats, abundance of the freshwater fishes in the region due to are not a continuous range of mountains but a series of destruction of habitat, overexploitation and other broken and weathered relicts of the Peninsular Plateau anthropogenic effects. The stretch of Eastern Ghats has represented as a series of isolated hills and much of the Ghats numerous features of ecological importance but unfortunately is of lower altitude than Western Ghats. Beginning in North less attention has been given to Eastern Ghats as compared to Orissa, they pass through the coastal region of Andhra Western Ghats. Therefore, in the present communication, an Pradesh to Tamil Nadu cutting across Karnataka. Their attempt has been made to synthesize the existing reports and average elevation is about 610 m. The Eastern Ghats are to prioritize species based on their potential for culture, food, spread over four states from the Northeast to southwest along aquarium and sport value so that effective strategies can be the east coast, covering an area of about 75,000 km with an made for their conservation and sustainable utilization. The average width of 200 km in the north and 100 km in the conservation status of the fish fauna was also evaluated on south (Bhairavamurthy, 1982). The average rainfall ranges the basis of available literature and CAMP report (1998). from 1200 mm to 1500 mm, which is less than that in Western Ghats. The mean minimum temperature varies Aquatic Resources widely from 210C and 26 0C (Dani 1982). Because of their lower elevation and their broken character, traversing across The Eastern Ghats are ‘Tors’ of geological antiquity with the Eastern Ghats is much easier. isolated mountain ranges lying between Mahanadi and Vaigai rivers of Peninsular India (Pullaiah 2006). The stretch of The review of literature indicates that very limited Eastern Ghats from Orissa, through Andhra Pradesh to information is available on fish germplasm resources of the Tamilnadu has numerous features of ecological significance. Eastern Ghats region and many areas have not been studied The aquatic resources of Eastern Ghat India comprising of thoroughly (Rema Devi and Indra 2003). The only eastern border of the Peninsular Plateau, extending from the comprehensive account of the fishes of the Eastern Ghats is extreme northeast to the south of the Chota-Nagpur Plateau that of Menon (1951) based on his extensive surveys and and ending in the extreme southwest end of the earlier reports (Day, 1878; Misra 1938; Hora 1938; Hora Peninsula. In the south, the Eastern Ghat merge with the 1940, Chauhan 1947). The major areas surveyed by Western Ghats and the eastern parts of the Nilgiri, Anamalai different worker include Orissa hills, drainages below the Krishna river, Bailadila range of Baster, headwaters of Mahanadi, Simlipal hills of OrissaJavadi hills, Araku valley of Andhra Pradesh. Menon (1951) recorded 119 fish Orissa species and his study rendered substantial support to Hora’s Satpura Hypothesis. He observed a total absence of Andhra Pradesh Malayan elements in the fish fauna of the Eastern Ghats and also absence of species endemicity. After 1951 few authors worked on some selected areas of Eastern Ghats and Tamil Nadu Eastern Ghats 2 EPTRI - ENVIS Newsletter Vol. 12, No.3, 2006 and Palani Hills also form parts of the Eastern Ghats. sport, it is important to evaluate species on the basis of Drainage pattern of the Eastern Ghats area in Tamilnadu different criteria’s. Such a compilation is essential for the can be divided in to four basins like Araniyar, Palar, Ponniyar scientists and governmental agencies for research and and Cauvery. According to Menon(1951) the spread of the development and also conservation. The methodologies for fish fauna to the Orissa Hills and the Eastern Ghats from adopting criteria were followed as per Sarkar and Ponniah the Satpura and Western Ghats, especially the northern (2000). Our preliminary evaluation of the Eastern Ghat fish portion of it, seems to have been brought about by the diversity reveals that out of 128 native species, 14 are earth movements that affected Peninsular India and considered as only food fish followed by 9 as only subsequently reversed the north western drainage of the ornamental. About 40 species may be considered as food and Godavari and the Mahanadi. ornamental whereas 19 species are considered as both food, cultivable and ornamental value. The species wise Diversity of Fish Fauna information of all the reported fish from Eastern Ghats have been presented in Table 1. The rivers and streams originating from the Eastern Ghats harbour many important fishes. The region shares its fish Conservation Status fauna predominantly with that of Gangetic plains rather than fish fauna of Western Ghats. The report published by As per Conservation Assessment and Management Plan Devi and Indra (2003) indicates distribution of 127 fish Report (1998), out of 128 fish species, 1 was categorized as species from the region. In this paper, a revised critically endangered (CR), 40 endangered (EN), 19 compilation of 134 species including 6 exotic species vulnerable (VU), 2 data deficient (DD), 13 lower risk belonging to 26 families under 67 genera have been (9 LR-lc, 4LR-nt) and about 53 species were not evaluated presented based on published literature and internet sources (NE). However, the categorization of the CAMP needs alongwith maximum size, categorization as per uses (food, further validation to confirm their current status on the basis aquarium, sport etc.) and conservation status (Table 1). of latest information on distribution and abundance of The taxonomic descriptions and biological features followed concerned species. Further, the species composition of a Jayaram(1999) and Menon(1999) and Talwar and particular waterbody stretch studied earlier, requires Jhingran(1991). Barbodes carnaticus reported by reassessment by surveys. One species distributed in the Arunachalam and Johnson (1999), which was not included Eastern Ghat region namely Macrognathus aral (Bloch and in the earlier list, has been added in the present Schneider) have found place in the World Conservation Union compilation.
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