Prof. Ravi V. Gomatam Prof. Ravi V. Gomatam
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Invitation to Quantum Mechanics
i Invitation to Quantum Mechanics Daniel F. Styer ii Invitation to Quantum Mechanics Daniel F. Styer Schiffer Professor of Physics, Oberlin College copyright c 31 May 2021 Daniel F. Styer The copyright holder grants the freedom to copy, modify, convey, adapt, and/or redistribute this work under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 4.0 International License. A copy of that license is available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode. You may freely download this book in pdf format from http://www.oberlin.edu/physics/dstyer/InvitationToQM: It is formatted to print nicely on either A4 or U.S. Letter paper. You may also purchase a printed and bound copy from World Scientific Publishing Company. In neither case does the author receive monetary gain from your download/purchase: it is reward enough for him that you want to explore quantum mechanics. Love all God's creation, the whole and every grain of sand in it. Love the stars, the trees, the thunderstorms, the atoms. The more you love, the more you will grow curious. The more you grow curious, the more you will question. The more you question, the more you will uncover. The more you uncover, the more you will love. And so at last you will come to love the entire universe with an agile and resilient love founded upon facts and understanding. | This improvisation by Dan Styer was inspired by the first sentence, which appears in Fyodor Dostoyevsky's The Brothers Karamazov. iii iv Dedicated to Linda Ong Styer, adventurer Contents Synoptic Contents 1 Welcome 3 1. -
A Selected Bibliography of Publications By, and About, Niels Bohr
A Selected Bibliography of Publications by, and about, Niels Bohr Nelson H. F. Beebe University of Utah Department of Mathematics, 110 LCB 155 S 1400 E RM 233 Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0090 USA Tel: +1 801 581 5254 FAX: +1 801 581 4148 E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] (Internet) WWW URL: http://www.math.utah.edu/~beebe/ 09 June 2021 Version 1.308 Title word cross-reference + [VIR+08]. $1 [Duf46]. $1.00 [N.38, Bal39]. $105.95 [Dor79]. $11.95 [Bus20]. $12.00 [Kra07, Lan08]. $189 [Tan09]. $21.95 [Hub14]. $24.95 [RS07]. $29.95 [Gor17]. $32.00 [RS07]. $35.00 [Par06]. $47.50 [Kri91]. $6.95 [Sha67]. $61 [Kra16b]. $9 [Jam67]. − [VIR+08]. 238 [Tur46a, Tur46b]. ◦ [Fra55]. 2 [Som18]. β [Gau14]. c [Dar92d, Gam39]. G [Gam39]. h [Gam39]. q [Dar92d]. × [wB90]. -numbers [Dar92d]. /Hasse [KZN+88]. /Rath [GRE+01]. 0 [wB90, Hub14, Tur06]. 0-19-852049-2 [Ano93a, Red93, Seg93]. 0-19-853977-0 [Hub14]. 0-521-35366-1 [Kri91]. 0-674-01519-3 [Tur06]. 0-85224-458-4 [Hen86a]. 0-9672617-2-4 [Kra07, Lan08]. 1 2 1.5 [GRE+01]. 100-˚aret [BR+85]. 100th [BR+85, KRW05, Sch13, vM02]. 110th [Rub97a]. 121 [Boh87a]. 153 [MP97]. 16 [SE13]. 17 [Boh55a, KRBR62]. 175 [Bad83]. 18.11.1962 [Hei63a]. 1911 [Meh75]. 1915 [SE13]. 1915/16 [SE13, SE13]. 1918 [Boh21a]. 1920s [PP16]. 1922 [Boh22a]. 1923 [Ros18]. 1925 [Cla13, Bor13, Jan17, Sho13]. 1927 [Ano28]. 1929 [HEB+80, HvMW79, Pye81]. 1930 [Lin81, Whe81]. 1930/41 [Fer68, Fer71]. 1930s [Aas85b, Stu79]. 1933 [CCJ+34]. -
Prof. Ravi Gomatam Curriculum Vitae
Prof. Ravi Gomatam Curriculum Vitae Education (1998) Ph.D. in Foundations of Quantum Mechanics, Mumbai University (1974) M.E. in Electronics Engineering, BITS, Pilani, India (1972) B.E. in Electronics Engineering, Annamalai University, India Positions Held Director, Institute of Semantic Information Sciences and Technology (www.insist.ac.in), 2008-current Visiting Professor, Indian Council of Philosophical Research (ICPR), New Delhi, 2016-2017 Director, Bhaktivedanta Institute, Berkeley & Mumbai (www.bvinst.edu), 1997-current Adjunct Professor, Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences (BITS), Pilani, India, 1997-2007 Professor and Ph.D. Guide, University of Mumbai, 2015-Present Career Arc After Masters, moved to USA, worked with many fortune- 500 companies in Detroit, in the areas of operating system design, data communications and very large data base design. Returned to academics, obtained Ph.D. in Philosophy, foundations of quantum mechanics, from University of Mumbai. Over two decades of experience in research, post-graduate level teaching, and guiding M.S./Ph.D. dissertations. Pioneering work in three different fields of science Macroscopic Quantum Mechanics Semantic Information Sciences and Technology (SIST) Consciousness Studies Macroscopic Quantum Mechanics (MQM) Developing a quantum theory of the macroscopic regime logically independent of current microscopic quantum mechanics (mQM). A Nobel Laureate in quantum physics has remarked regarding his approach: "We can get out of the confusions in QM with this approach. Perhaps, this is how we should be doing science." His work in Macroscopic Quantum Mechanics (MQM) has already been cited in wide ranging fields from control engineering, neuroscience, ecology and marketing theory. Two of his papers have been part of curriculum at Masters level in courses at Brown University and University of Connecticut. -
Quantum Theory, the Chinese Room Argument and the Symbol Grounding Problem Abstract
Quantum Theory, the Chinese Room Argument and the * Symbol Grounding Problem Ravi Gomatam † [email protected] Abstract: I o ffer an alternative to Searle’s original Chinese Room argument which I call the Sanskrit Room argument (SRA). SRA distinguishes between syntactic TOKEN and semantic SYMBOL manipulations and shows that both are involved in human language understanding. Within classical mechanics, which gives an adequate scientific account of TOKEN manipulation, a symbol remains a subjective construct. I describe how an objective, quantitative theory of semantic symbols could be developed by applying the Schrodinger equation directly to macroscopic objects independent of Born’s rule and hence independent of current statistical quantum mechanics. Such a macroscopic quantum mechanics opens the possibility for developing a new theory of computing wherein the Universal Turing Machine (UTM) performs semantic symbol manipulation and models macroscopic quantum computing. 1. Introduction This paper seeks to relate quantum mechanics to artificial intelligence, human language, and cognition. It is a position paper, reporting some relevant details of a long-term research program currently in progress. In his justly famous Chinese Room Argument (CRA), Searle argued that “we could not give the capacity to understand Chinese or English [that humans evidently have] to a machine where the operation of the machine is solely defined as the instantiation of a computer program.” ([1], p. 422) Searle avoided the need to positively define ‘human understanding’ by relying on an operator (such as himself) who does not understand Chinese in any sense. Skipping the details of this well-known paper, Searle’s main conclusions were as follows: 1. -
HYLOMORPHIC FUNCTIONS 1. Introduction In
HYLOMORPHIC FUNCTIONS ANTONY VAN DER MUDE Abstract. Philosophers have long pondered the Problem of Universals. Socrates and Plato hypothesized that the Universals exist independent of the real world in a universe of their own. The Doctrine of the Forms was criticized by Aristo- tle, who stated that the Universals do not exist apart from things | a theory known as Hylomorphism. This paper postulates that Measurement in Quan- tum Mechanics is the process that gives rise to the instantiation of Universals as Particulars, a process we refer to as Hylomorphic Functions. Measurements of fundamental properties of matter are the atomic Universals of metaphysics. These atomic Universals in turn combine to become the whole range of Univer- sals. This leads to a type of metaphysical Realism. We look at this hypothesis in relation to two different interpretations of Quantum Mechanics. The first is the Copenhagen Interpretation, which we consider a version of Platonic Real- ism based on wave function collapse. The other interpretation is Pilot Wave Theory of Bohm and de Broglie, where particle{particle interactions take the place of measurement, leading to an Aristotelian metaphysics. This interpreta- tion of metaphysical realism makes the instantiation of Particulars a physical process grounded in Quantum Mechanics. This view of Universals explains the distinction between pure information and the medium that instantiates it, the arrow of time and the existence of qualia. 1. Introduction In contemporary research on the relationship between Quantum Mechanics and Metaphysics, the analysis of ontology mostly focuses on objects that have a physical 1 2 ANTONY VAN DER MUDE reality. This leaves out the nature of Universals. -
The Science of Presenting Religion
THE SCIENCE OF PRESENTING RELIGION Srila Prabhupada’s Profound and Novel Instructions Rasaraja Dasa (Prof. Ravi Gomatam, M.E., Ph. D) Srila Prabhupada advocated scientific presentations of Krishna Consciousness according to the scientific method, without mentioning Vedas and Puranas. Popular presentations to general public based on the former can follow. What did Srila Prabhupada say about the term in vogue, “scientific preaching”? His Divine Grace Srila A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada “We have formed the Bhaktivedanta Institute for organizing scientific presentations of Krishna Consciousness. This party is our most important preaching arm.” [Letter to Dravida, April 2, 1977] Readers interested in the subject matter may correspond with The Institute of Semantic Information Sciences and Technology www.insist.ac.in [email protected] The Bhaktivedanta Institute www.bvinst.edu [email protected] © Ravi Gomatam. All rights reserved THE SCIENCE OF PRESENTING RELIGION n this paper, we describe two kinds of scientific presentations of Krishna Consciousness: one to scientists, and the other to the general public. The forum for presentations to scientists is technical papers published in peer‐reviewed journals, science conferences and the like. The forum for popular presentations is general articles, popular science books, multimedia presentations, etc. We will show that the second kind of scientific presentations must follow, i.e. be necessarily based on, and grow in proportion to how the first category of scientific presentations to scientists are done and have been accepted by scientists. We will propose that such scientific presentations are what Srila Prabhupada wanted, by supplying quotes. At the Institute of Semantic Information Sciences and Technology, and the Bhaktivedanta Institute at Mumbai and Berkeley, we have been carrying out these two kinds of scientific presentations diligently and with great success. -
The Central Mystery of Quantum Mechanics
The Central Mystery of Quantum Mechanics Partha Ghose∗ Centre for Natural Sciences and Philosophy, 1/AF Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata, 700 064, India and Centre for Philosophy and Foundations of Science, Darshan Sadan, E-36 Panchshila Park, New Delhi 110017, India May 31, 2018 Abstract A critical re-examination of the double-slit experiment and its variants is presented to clarify the nature of what Feynmann called the “central mystery” and the “only mystery” of quantum mechan- ics, leading to an interpretation of complementarity in which a ‘wave and particle’ description rather than a ‘wave or particle’ description is valid for the same experimental set up, with the wave culminating in the particle sequentially in time. This interpretation is different from Bohr’s but is consistent with the von Neumann formulation as well as some more recent interpretations of quantum mechanics. arXiv:0906.0898v1 [quant-ph] 4 Jun 2009 Keywords: wave-particle duality, complementarity, central mystery, quantum mechanics 1 INTRODUCTION Thomas Young is believed to have carried out his famous double-slit exper- iment with light in 1801. It was one of the key experiments that helped ∗[email protected] 1 overthrow the corpuscular theory of light favoured by Newton and estab- lish the wave theory favoured by Christiaan Huygens and Augustin Fresnel. However, when classical light was replaced by single-photon/particle sources and detectors in the 20th century, the old wave-particle controversy was re- vived because it revealed a mysterious dual character of light. According to Feynman it contains “the heart of quantum mechanics. In reality, it contains the only mystery. -
HYLOMORPHIC FUNCTIONS 1. Introduction in Contemporary Research on the Relationship Between Quantum Mechanics and Metaphysics, Th
HYLOMORPHIC FUNCTIONS ANTONY VAN DER MUDE Abstract. Philosophers have long pondered the Problem of Universals. Socrates and Plato hypothesized that the Universals exist independent of the real world in a universe of their own. The Doctrine of the Forms was criticized by Aristo- tle, who stated that the Universals do not exist apart from things | a theory known as Hylomorphism. This paper postulates that Measurement in Quan- tum Mechanics is the process that gives rise to atomic Universals, which we refer to as hylomorphic functions. These atomic Universals in turn combine to become the whole range of Universals. This leads to a type of metaphys- ical Realism, where Universals are contingent on the hylomorphic functions that bring them into being. We look at this hypothesis in relation to two different interpretations of Quantum Mechanics. The first is the Copenhagen Interpretation, which we consider a version of Platonic Realism based on wave function collapse. The other interpretation is Pilot Wave Theory of Bohm and de Broglie, where particle-particle interactions take the place of measurement, leading to an Aristotelian metaphysics. This view of Universals explains the distinction between pure information and the medium that instantiates it, the existence of qualia and the arrow of time. 1. Introduction In contemporary research on the relationship between Quantum Mechanics and Metaphysics, the analysis of ontology mostly focuses on objects that have a physical reality. This leaves out the nature of Universals. As an example, Allori [?] analyzes 1 2 ANTONY VAN DER MUDE which components of Quantum Mechanics form a primitive ontology but excludes the mathematical objects from consideration: Why the qualification primitive ontology, instead of just ontology simpliciter? First, the idea is that the primitive ontology does not exhaust all the ontology | it just accounts for physical objects. -
Quantum Realism and Haecceity 1. INTRODUCTION
Quantum Realism and Haecceity RAVI GOMATAM Bhaktivedanta Institute, 2334 Stuart Street, Berkeley, CA 94705 [email protected] [Published in History of Science, Philosophy and Culture in Indian Civilization. Volume XII. Materialism and Immaterialism in India and the West:Varying Vistas, Partha Ghose (editor) part 5, CSC: New Delhi, pp. 853-872.] haec.ce.ity [hek-see-etee] noun The essential property that makes an individual uniquely that individual – Encarta The quality implied in the use of this, as this man; thisness; hereness and nowness; that quality or mode of being in virtue of which a thing is or becomes a definite individual; individuality - OED 1. INTRODUCTION Non-relativistic quantum mechanics is incompatible with our everyday or ‘classical’ intuitions about realism, not only at the microscopic level but also at the macroscopic level. The latter point is highlighted by the ‘cat paradox’ presented by Schrödinger. Since our observations are always made at the macroscopic level — even when applying the formalism to the microscopic level — the failure of classical realism at the macroscopic level is actually more fundamental and crucial. This paper is part of a larger research program aimed at applying non-relativistic quantum theory to the macroscopic world, but without requiring its description to reduce to classical physics. Such an application would have to be independent of the current, microscopic statistical quantum mechanics (SQM), which presupposes the ‘classicality’ of the macroscopic world. Therefore, the proposed macroscopic quantum mechanics (MQM) should not be expected to reproduce the probabilistic predictions of SQM. This point marks a fundamental departure from the route of decoherence.