· TI-IE STORY OF THE NATIONS

SUBSCRIPTI

EDmON QCbe @ltot1? of tbe Jaations

", THE THE STORY OF THE NATIONS

I. . By ARTHUR GILMAN, '9' THB NORMANS. By SARAH M.A. ORNE JEWETT. •• THE JEWS. By Prof. J. K. 30. THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE • HOSMER. lly C. W. C. OMAN. 3. . fiy Rev. S. BARING· 3" SIOIL Y: Phcenlclan, Greek and GOULD, M.A. Roman. By the late Prof. E. 4. OARTHAGE. By Prof. ALFRRD A. FREEMAN'. J. CHURCH. 32. THE TUSCAN REPUBLICS. 5. ALEXANDER'S EMPIRE. By By BELLA DUFFY. Prof. J. P. MAHAFFV. 33. POLAND. By W. R. lIfORFILL, 6. THE MOORS IN SPAIN. By M.A. STANLEY LANE-POOLE. 34. PARTHIA. By Prof. GEORGE 7. ANaIENT EGYPT. By Prof. RAWLINSON. GEORGE RAWLINSON. 35. AUSTRALlAN COMMON- B. HUNGARY. By Prof. ARMINIUS WBALTH. lly GREVILLE VAMBRRV. TREGARTHEN. 9. THE SARACENS. By ARTHUR 36. SPAIN. By H. E. WATTS. GILltfAN, M.A. 3." JAPAN. By DAVID lIfURRAV, '0. . By the Hon. EMILV Ph.D. LAWLESS. 3B. SOUTH AFRICA. ·By GEORGE 11. CHALDEA. By ZIlNA'iDE A. M. THEAL. RAGOZIN. 39. VENICE. lly ALETHEA WIEL. 12. THE GOTHS. By HENRV BRAI>. 40. THE CRUSADES. By T. A. LEY. ARC. IER nnd C. L. KING!'>FORD. '3. ASSYRIA. By ZENAIDE A. 4" VEDIO INDIA. By Z. A. RA. RAGOZIH. GOlIN. '4. TURKEY. lly STANLEV LANE. 42. WESTINDIES and the SPANISH POOLE. MAIN. lly JAMES RODWAV. '5. HOLLAND. By Prof. J. E. 43. BOHEMIA. By C. EVMUND THOROI.D ROGERS. MAURICE. ,6. MEDIEVAL FRANCE. By 44. THE BALKANS. By W. IIIILLER, GUSTAVE MASSON. M.A. '7. PERSIA. By S. G. W. BEN· 45. . By Sir J. G. BOURI. JAr-ilK. NOT, LL.D. ,B. PHCENIOIA. By Prof. GEO. 46. BRITISH INDIA. By R. W. RAWLINSON. );4"'XAZER, LL. H. ' '9. MEDIA. By ZENAYOB A. RA. 47. MODERN FRANCE. By ANDRI!. GOZIN. LB IlON. '0. THB HANSA TOWNS. By 4B. THB FRANKS. By LEWIS SER. HELEN ZUIMERN. GEANT. ". EARLY BRITAIN. By Prof. 49- AUSTRIA. By SIDNEV WHIT_ ALFRED J. CHURCH. MAN '2. THE BARBARY CORSAIRS. 50. MOD ERR ENGLAND. Before By STANLEY LANE·POOLE. . the Reforn, liill. lly JUSTIN "3, RUSSIA. Py W. MORFILL, M.A. MCCAH1'HV. '4. THE JEWS UNDER THE 5" CHINA. By Prof. R. K. DOUGLAS. ROMANS. By W. D. MORRI' 5" MODERN ENGLAND. From the SON. Reform Hill to the Present '5. SOOTLAND. By JOHN MACKIN· Time. By JUSTIN MCCARTHY. "OSH, LL.D. 53. MODERN SPAIN. liy MARTIN • 6. SWITZERLAND. By Mrs. LINA A. S. HUME . HUG and R. STR .... n. 54. MODERN ITALY. By PIETRO '7. MEXICO. By SU'AN HALB. ONSI. • B. PORTUGAL. lly H. MORSE 55. NORWAY. By H. H. BOVESEN . STEPHENS. 50. WALES. By O. III. EDWARDS.

Lo:-onON: T. FISHER UNWIN, PATERNOSTER SQUARE, E.C. hananjayarlO Gadgil Library ,\ .1111111 11m Dill 11111111111111111111111 , GIPE-PUNE-002597 F yon tispiece. MOUNT ZION. THEJEWS

ANCIENT, MEDIlEVAL, AND MODERN

BY

JAMES K. HOSMER

PROPBSSOR IN WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY, ST. LOUIS, MO.i AUTHOR OF U A SHORT

HISTORY OP GItRMAN LiTERATURE," U THB LIFE OF SAMUEL ADAMS," ETC.

SE~'E.vTH EDITION

LONDON T. FISHER UNWIN PATERNOSTER SQUARE, E.C. COPYRIGHT BY T. FISHER UNWIN . (J'or ) PREFACE.

To write" The Story of the Jews" for the series in which it is to appear has been a task beset with certain special embarrassments. In the first place, it may reasonably be doubted whether a faithfully related story of the Jews is suitable reading for immature minds. The prudent parent shrinks from putting into the hands of his child Hamlet, or Lear, or Othello. In the first, the terrible soul agony,-in the second, the ruthless ex­ ercise of the most savage passions,-in the third, the malignant, snake-like craft crushing in its folds un­ suspecting manly worth and womanly loveliness,-:­ this tragedy of the deepest requires full maturity in order that its lessons milY be intelligently received and its power fully realized. Such literature is meat for men, not milk for babes; and it is quite preina­ ture to undertake it, until experience has thoroughly settled the character. Has not history as well as poetry its tragedies quite too sombre for childhood, -and among its tragedies is there any quite so dark as the story of the Jews? Where else are prob­ lems presented which so defy satisfactory solution? Where else is it necessary to contemplate the play of iv THE STORY OF THE YEWS.' spiritual forces so tremendous? Where else is there anguish so deep and long-continued? . A second embarrassment arises from the fact that in thl;! story of the Jews many points are presented with regard to which the feelings of men are so keen and at the same time so conflicting. To-day, through­ out the civilized world, many regard the Hebrews with dislike, perhaps aversion, as an unattractive, in­ deed a dangerous element in society. Certainly this story cannot be written without demonstrating to how large an extent this prejudice is cruel and un­ just, however inveterate and explicable,-an effort which is certain, ~n some quarters, to be ill taken. As regards the ancient pe~iod, can the account 'De given without some attempt to separate fact from myth,,-to circumscribe within just limits the natural and the supernatural; and can such discriminations be attempted without giving offence in one quarter or another? Protestant, Catholic, Rationalist, Jew, have, each one, his peculiar point of view,-and each one, if he is at all earnest, regards the matters in dis­ pute as things by no means far off, but of vital, present importance. The writer of this volume has dealt with these embarrassments as well as he could. As to the first, interpreting in a liberal way his commission "to write a story for the young," he has tried to adapt his chapters to those in the later stages of youth,­ to those, indeed, already standing upon the threshold of maturity. Prominence has been given to the more picturesque and drau{atic features of the record. The profundities are' only to~ched upon: the · PREFACE. V /, mysteries of the Cabala, and the inspiration that may jie within the fantastic rhapsodizing of the Talmud­ I ists, no attempt has been made to fathom. At the same time, there has been no effort to dwarf and emasculate the absorbing account into the dimen­ sions of a proper" juvenile." Here are details of exterminating warfare, of sharpest torture, of bitter_ est cursing. Here are presented sages as they study the darkest problems,-poets, as they thrill the hu­ man heart-strings with marvellous, subtle power;­ characters shining in the very beauty of holiness,­ characters, too, black with malignity m~st appalling. All this stands in the record: to present faith­ fully, these traits must be given, and the attempt has been made to present Israel faithfully. A tale, it is, full of thrilling fascination and fruitful in in­ struction; a tale, however, that sobers and that re­ quires soberness in its readers,-the ripeness which comes when childhood has been left behind. As regards the second embarrassment, it will be at once apparent to the reader that the writer feels that I~rael, among the nations, should be regarded with reverence, even with awe, in times modern as well as ancient. In what sense the Hebrews are the chosen people of God,-whether the special protec­ tion of Heaven supposed to be extended in ancient times has lasted to the present hour,-whether the sufferings of the race for eighteen centuries are due to the crime committed upon Calvary,-these are questions to which an answer has not been attempted. Among the ancient traditions-whether Heliodorus was driven away from the Temple treasures by Heaven- vi THE STORY OF THE YEWS. sent messengers; wnether David heard the voice of God in the .rustling of the balsam-trees; whether the sun and'moon stood still at Joshua's command, or the angel of the Lord really smote the host of Senna­ cherib,-such legends as these are given as they 'stand, with no effort to separate the nucleus of reality from the accretions of fable. The writer cannot hope to escape the condemnation of some critics, perhaps of alL The Supern~turalist will probably find him too indifferent to the miraculous; the Rationalist, too lenient toward ancient supersti­ tions j the Jew, not sufficiently cognizant of the divine mission of Israel upon the earth. The writer can only trust that while dealing with subjects in which the feelings of multitudes are so deeply en­ listed and on such opposite sides, he may at least escape the charge of flippancy and irreverence. While the account in the case of many a comparatively in­ significant figure is given with considerable detail, the narrative of the Gospels is presented only in out­ line. That tale, the possession as it is of every memory, it has been thought unnecessary to give with fulness. Ai. the same time it will be evident, it is hoped, that the figure of Jesus has been regarded as possessing sublime, overshadowing importance among those who have come forth from Israel. As to authorities, the foot-notes must be consulted. The effort has been made to become acquainted with every thing of value contained in our tongue, but the French and the Germans have worked this mine far more thoroughly.' In particular, use has been made of the great work of Graetz, " Geschichte des J uden- PREFACE. vil

thums," and of the work of Reinach.. " Histoire des Israelites depuis leur Dispersion jusqu' it nos J ours," which appeared in Paris just in time to be made available for this book. Many a picturesque passage has been derived from Heinrich Heine, an apostate from Israel, whose soul, however, always yearned toward the mother whom he had spurned. The vivid portrayal of the circumstances of medi.eval Jewish life, ·given in chapter XL, is an adaptation from his incomplete novel, "The Rabbi of Bach­ arach," combined with facts derived from Graetz. It enters with profound sympathy and thorough learning into the atmosphere that surrounded the persecuted Hebrews of that sombre time .. In conclusion, while acknowledging obligation to many helpers, the writer desires in a special way to thank Rabbi S. H. Sonnenschein, of St. Louis, and Dr. Abraham S. Isaacs, of the Jew£sh Messenger, of , for suggestions and books, which have been of great value to him in his work. J. K. H. ST. LoUIS. N07ltm6w. 188S. CLASSIFIED CONTENTS.

PART I.

THE ANCIENT PRIDE.

I. PAGB WHY THE STORY OF THE JEWS IS PICTURESQUE 1-8 Hebrew assertions of the greatness of their race, I-The Christian view, 2-The Rationalist's view, 3-Remark­ able character of , 3-Tenacity or Hebrew national lire, 4-Purity and solidarity of the race,s - J"heir spiritual force as shown in love and hate, 6-Inten- sity or Hebrew piety, 7-Position of the Jews unique among races of men, 8. II. THE MORNING-TIME IN PALESTINE Physical !;haracteristics of Palestine, <)-Tbe Jordan, Sea or Galilee, Dead Sea, Io-The fertility of the land, Io-An­ tiquityof the Jewish stock, I2-The Patriarchs, I2-Moses leads Israel out of Egypt, 14-Worship of one God, 16- The ark of the covenant, 16-The Canaanites, 18--Career of the Judges, IB--Saul and David, 2o-Solomon, 22- Building of the Temple, 23-115 dedication, 24-Decline of Hebrew vigor, 2s-The two kingdoms, Judah and Israel, 26-The Assyrians, 27. IlL ISRAEL AT NINEVEH 29-45 Legend of Semiramis, 2<)-Assyrian sculptures in the British Museum, 3O-Authorities for -'ssyrian study, 3z-Cities as x THE STORY OF THE YEWS.

PAGB' libraries, 33, 34-Antiquities of Mesopotamia, 35--Niebuhr, Botta, Layard, 36-The Cuneiform, 36-Nature of Assyrian dominion, :Ii-Palestine overcome, 38-Accession of Senna­ cherib, 3<)-His splendor and power, 40, 41, 42-An Assyrian palace, 43, 44-Refinement at Nineveh, 45. IV. THE DESTRUCTION OF SENNACHERIB State of the Assyrian kings, 46-The Medes and Phrenicians subjected, 47-Judah overwhelmed, 4S-The battle-order, 49, 50-Hebrew defiance, 52-Isaiah's prophecy, '53-It, fullllment, 53-Fall of Assyria, 54-Permanence of its me­ morials, 55-Its cruel sway, 56.

V. JUDAS MACCAB.lEUS, THE HEBREW WILLIAM TELL, 57-73 The captivity at Babylon, 57-The return from the Baby­ lonian exile, 58-Alexander the Great at , 60- The Jew meets the Aryan, 61-Who the Aryans were, 62,- 63-Palestine under the Seleucidre, 64-The revolt of Mat­ tathias, 65-First victories of Juuas Maccabreus, 66, 67- The Temple purified and restored, 68-Judas subdues the ldumre:ms and Ammonites, 68-Heroism of his brethren, 68-Death of Eleazar, 69-Judas defeated and slain by Bacchides, 6<)-Alliance with Rome, 70-The later Asmo­ means, 71-Heliodorus tries to rob the Temple, 72-The coming of the R~mans, 73. VI. THE BEAUTY OF HOLINESS Condition of the Jcws aCter the time of the Maccabces, U­ Ezra establishes the Canon, 75, 76-The Septuagint ana Targums, 76-The oral Law, 77-Sadducees and Pharisees, 78, 7<)-The Essencs, 80-Hillel and his followers, 81- The Samaritans, 82-Jewish religious observances, 83- Feasts ant'. fasts, 84-Expectations of a Messiah, 85-Birth oC Jesus, 86-His_life and work, 87, 88, 89-The disciples go Corth, (jo-Conversion of Saul, 90-The beauty of Chris­ tian holiness, 92, 93. CLASSIFIED CONTENTS. xi

VII. PAGII VESPASIAN AND 94-107 Gessius Florus marches against Jerusalem, 94-His failure, 95-Josephus defends Galilee against Vespasian, 95-The siege of Jotapata, 96, 97, 9S-Jotapata captured, 91}­ Josephus a captive, lao-Vespasian emperor, lao-Descrip­ tion of Jerusalem, I02-The Temple, I03-The Alltonia, 10-t-The walls, I06--Portents of ill omen, 106.

VIII.

TITUS ON THE RUINS OF ZION Titus marches against Jerusalem, loS-His formidable host, IOI}-Factions among the Jews, IOI}-John of Giscala and . the Zealots, uo--Simon, son of Gioras, Iu-Narrow escape of Titus, III-The. tenth legion in danger, II2-The .. Conqueror" makes a breach, II4-Capture of the outer walls, 1 14-Appalling condition of the defenders, 115-John and Simon undismayed, u6-Destruction of the Antonia, 117-Capture of the Temple and of the upper city, 118- Death of John of Giscala, imprisonment of Simon, and suf­ ferings of the Jews, [l9-Incidents of the siege, I2o-Return of Titus to Rome, 121"":'His magnificent triumph, 122- Death of Simon Gioras, 123-Arch of Titus, I24-Spiritual conquest of the Aryan by the Jew, 126, 127, 128-The apotheosis of Jesus of N azaretli, 129.

PART II.

THE MEDVEVAL HUMILIATION. IX. lIow THE RABBIS WROUGHT THE TALMUD The revolt of Bar Cocheba, 133-lElia Capitolina and the Jewish dispersion, 133-Gentile persecution and Hebrew scorn, 13-t-How the Jews became traders, 136--Their services and high character in commerce, I37-Jew and Moslem, 13B-charlemagne, 131}-Famous persecutors, 140 xii THE STORY OF THE YEWS.

PAGB -Deserts of the Hebrews, I40-0rigin of the Talmud, 141 -Mischna and Gemara, I42-Value of the Talmud, 143- Difficulty of understanding it, I44-::Its wisdom and beauty, 14S, I46-Sandalphon, 146, I47-The Karaites, 148- Hygienic value of Talmud and , I48-Maimonides, 149, ISO. X. THE HOLOCAUSTS IN SPAIN • The" Sephardim," IS2:-Insincere conversions, lS3-A Jewish shrine, IS4-The Inquisition, Iss-Torture cham­ bers, IS6-Sufferings of Hebrews, IS7-Ferdinand and Isa­ bella resolve upon expulsion, IS8-The departure of the exiles, IS9-Dreadful hardships, I6o-Lamentations, 161- An auto-da-fe, 162, 163. XI•.

THE BLOODY HAND IN GERMANY. 165-188 A synagogue on the Rhine, I6s-The Juden-gasse at Frank­ fort, I66-The Black Death and the Flagellants, I67-Jews on the Rhine, I68-Story of Rabbi Ahraham hnd Sarah, 169, etc.-A passover celebration, 170, I71-The plot to destroy, 172, I73-Flight of Abraham and Sarah, 174- Down the Rhine, 176, I77-A medireval city, 179, 180- The Jewish quarter, 181-The synagogue, 182-The service, I83-The roll of the Law, I84-The massacre, IS6-The flight to Turkey, 188. XII.

THE FROWN AND THE CUR!"E IN ENGLAND, ITALY, AND FRANCE I8g-202 Persecution in England, I8!)-Protection extended by early Plantagenets, I89-Suffering in time of RichatdCreur de , 190-Tragedy of York, I9I-Banishment by Edward I. and restoration by Cromwell, 192-The drowning in the Thames, I92-Comparative mildness of Italian powers, 193 -Antiquity of Jewish colony in Rome, I94-Varying treat­ ment of the popes, I9S-The Jews in Southern Italy and CLASSIFIED CONTENTS. xiii

PAGB Sicily, 195, 196--Persecution in France, I97-Philip Augus- tus and Saint Louis, I97-Philip the Fair and the Pastour­ eaux, I98-A burning in France, I91)-The cry" Hep! hep!" 200-Jewish badges, 20I-Protestant narrowness, Luther, and the Puritans, 20I-Gibbon, Voltaire, and Buckle, 202. XIII. SHYJ,OCK-THE WANDERING JEW. 203-214 Jewish retaliation, 203-What Shylock might have heard on the Rialto, 204, 205 - Palliation for his cruelty, 206-­ Heine's idea of Shylock, 207-The Wandering Jew, differ­ ent forms of the l~gend, 208, 20!)-Combined with the Wild Huntsman, 210, 2II, 212-The \Vandering Jew before the Matterhorn, 213. XIV. THE CASTING OUT OF A PROPHET. 215-2 31 The bitterness of Hebrew scorn, 2fs-False Messiahs, 216-­ Career of Sabbatiii Zevi, 217-Sabbatiii becomes a Moham­ medan, 2I8-Holland as a refuge for the oppressed, 211)­ Birth and childhood of Spinoza, 22o-He revolts at the Cabala, 222-His excommunication, 223-The curse, 224- IIis magnanimity, 226--His philosophy, 226, 227, 228- His fame, 221)-His position in the history of modem thought, 23o-Tributes to his greatness, 231.

PART III.

THE BREAKING OF THE CHAIN.

XV. ISRAEL'S NEW MOSES I Number and distribution of the Jews at the present time, 23s-Their eminence, 23s-Their small achievement as soldiers, farmers, and handicraftsmen, 236-Prominence in trade and in music, 237-\Vagner's hostility, 238-Promi. nence as scientists, philosophers, and writers, 23S-Especial B xiv THE STOR Y OF THE :JEWS.

PAGE narrowness of Germany toward the Jews, 239, 24o--Birlh and early career of Moses Mendelssohn, 242-Introduced to fame by Lessing, 243-" Phaedo," 243-" Jerusalem," 244- Tribute of Kant, 245-Mendelssohn embarrassed by Lava- ler, 245-Letter to Lavater, 246, 247, 248-Mendelssohn's death, 248-His wooing, 249, 250-" Nathan the Wise," 251, ~52, 253,

XVI.

THE MONEY KINGS

Business ability of J ews, ~54-Cicero's condemnation of trade, 254-Ill-rcpute of Jews undeserved, 255, 256-They break a path for themselves, 2s8-Meyer Anselm Rothschild and the Landgrave of Cassel, 259-A great house founded, 260-Heine and "Borne at the Hanoukhah in the Juden­ gasse, 261-The mother of the Rothschilds and her five sons, 262-Nathan Meyer founds the London house, 263- How ten millions were made out of Waterloo, 263, 264, 265 -Alleged rapacity of the Rothschilds, 266-Nathan :Meyer's death, 267-Baron Lionel, 268-Baron James at Paris, 269 -His brusque manners, 27<>-:His fear of Heine, 271- Baron Alphonse, 272,

XVII.

SIR MOSES Were the Rothschilds honorable? 273-Cicero on the morals of trade, 1174-American rapacity, 275-The brothers Pereire, 276, 277-Sir Moses Montefiore as a typical Jew, 278-His origin and early career, 280-His philanthropic journeys, 281-Persecutions at and Rhodes in 1840,282-Montefiore at Damascus, 2S2-Junith Montcfi­ ore, 2S3-I-Ier diary, 284-Montefiore at Jerusalem, 286, 288-At , 288-Lands at Tangier, 2S9-Last visit to Jerusalem, 290-His practical good sense and breadth of mind, 292-His widespread fame and personal appearance, 293-An orthodox Jew, 293-Belief in the restoration of the Jews to Palestine, 294. CLASSIFIED CONTENTS. xv

XVIII. PAGE HEBREW STATESMEN Eminence of Jews as Statesmen, 29s-Castelar, Lasker, 29S -Leads the n3tional-liberty party in the German Parliament, 296-Achille Fould, Cremieux, Gambetta, 298-Gambetta's origin. 298-Puts out an eye, becomes famous, 300-In the Corps Ugislatif, 301-His energy in 1870, 302-His oratOry, 30), 304-Qrigin of Beaconsfield, 30s-Beards Daniel O'Connell i& Parliament, 306-Rises to fame, 308-His wife's devotion, 308-His enthusiasm for his race, 310, 311. XIX. A SWEET SINGER IN ISRAEL • Heine as the voice of the Jewish spirit, 312-His birth, 312 -At Frankfort, Gl>ttingen, and Berlin, 313-His apostasy and scoffing, 314-Becomes famous in prose and poetry, 316 The .. mattress-grave," his death, 3r7-His descriptive power illustrated, 3lS-Picture of Napoleon, 319"-His wit, 320-Scoffs at Germany, 321-His bitterness and want of ulmestness, 322-His tenderness, 323-" Ilse," 324-Lines to his wife, 32S-" Lorelei," 326-He utters the Hebrew soul, 327-Heine and the Venus of Milo, 328, 329-

~ XX. SOME HARMONIOUS LIVES 330-354 Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy, the type of the Hebrew artist, 330-The descendants of Moses Mendelssohn, 330-Career of Dorothea, 331--<>f Joseph and Abraham, 332-Abraham and Leah, the parents of Felix, 333-The father's idea of religious edl¥:ation, 334-Fanny Mendelssohn, 33s-The mother's letter to her daughter's lover, 336-The Mendels­ sohn home, 337, etc.-Distinguished visitors, 339"-Profes­ sors at fault, 34o-Music of Mendelssohn, 342-His appearance, 342-Description in .. Charles Auchester," 343, etc.-Fanny's concerts, 346-Beautiful family life, 347- .,. Sojourn in Rome, 34S, 349"-The father in death, 349"­ Felix with Victoria and Prince Albert, 3SO, etc.-Death ot Felix and Fanny, 3S2-Ideallives, 3S3. xvi THE STOR Y ,OF THE 7E ",!S.

XXI. PAGB OUR HEBREW COIiTEMPORARlES Israelites feared, 355-Anti-Semitism in Gennany, 356- Hebrew bitterness, 357~Altachment to old traditions and usages, 358-" T'he Je~ish Cemetery at Newport," 359. 360-Jews in Poland, 36I~" Measuring the bounds," 362- Story of Leah Rendar, 363-The apostate J ewess, 36-t. 365 -Jews and Yankees. 366-Felix Adler on his countrymen, 36i-The orthodox nucleus of J udaism,368-The Refonners, 369.

.. LIST OF .ILLUSTRATIONS.

PAUE MOUNT ZION .' Frontispiece MOUNT OF OLIVES FROM THE WALL xx· MAP, COUNTRIES CONNECTED WITH EARLY JEWISH HISTORY. MAP, CANAAN, AS DIVIDED AMONG THE..' TWELVE TRIBES 9 JACOB AND RACHEL 11 JOSEPH INTERPRETING PHARAOH'S DREAM 13 MOSES IN BULRUSHES IS PROBABLE ARRANGEMENT AND FORM OF THE TAB- ERNACLE CAMP 17 1'HE SETTING UP OF THE TABERNACLE 19 THE RETURN OF THE ARK 21 JONAH CALLING NINEVEH TO REPENTANCE 3 1 JERICHO. 51 THE REBUILDING OF THE TEMPLE • 59 87 THE SITE OF THE ANCIENT TEMPLE 9t' THE SEA OF GALILEE 97 PLAN OF ANCIENT JERUSALEM 101 GRADUAL FORMATION OF JERUSALEM JERUSALEM BESIEGED BY TITUS. ,,­ ARCH OF TITUS. ROMAN MASONRY, JERUSALEM. JEWS' PLACE OF WAILING, JERUSALEM xviii THE STOR Y OF THE YEWS.

PAGB THE WANDERING JEW SPINOZA • IIIOSES MENDELSiOHN IN THE FRANKFORT JUDEN-GASSE NATHAN MEYER ROTHSCHILD. SIR MOSES MONTEFIORE JERUSALEM FROM THE MOUNT OF OLIVES V ALLEY OF JEHOSHAPHA T OR KIDRON THE GOLDEN GATE. LASKER • GAMBETTA ISAAC DISRAELI LORD BEACONSFIELD HEINRICH HEINE FELIX MENDELSSOHN • ~I

INDEX.

A Arnold, Matthew, on SpinOla, 230 Aaron and the oral law, 77 Artorius, Roman soldier at Jeru­ i'.barlnonel at the court of Spain, salem, 120 158 Aryans, first contact with Jews, Abraham, Rabbi, story of, 168, 61 ; origin and spread of. 62 : etc. spiritually conquered by the Abram got:S southward from Ha­ Jews. 126 ran, 12 Askenazim, name for the German Adler, Felix, on the Jews, 367 Jews, 139 ; give birth to Moses £lia Capitohna, Roman city on Meudelssohn, 240; beautiful site of Jerusalem, 133 outgrowth from, 369 Ahasuerus, see Wandering Jew Asmonaeus, ancestor of the Mac:­ Alexander the Great at J erusa­ cabees.64 lem, 60 Assyrians, threaten Palestine, 26 ; Alexandria, its library destroyed, their prominence in Hebrew 55; its large Jewish popula­ annals, 27 ; relics of, in Briti.h tion, 64, 133 Museum. 29. 30; ~ources of Alliance Israelite Universelle, information concerning, 32; 282 how they told their own story, America, number of Jews in, 235 34; discoveries of Botta and American rapacity, 274, 275 Layard, 35; the cuneiform, Ammonites subdued Ly the He- 36; nature of the dominion of, brews, 12 37; conquests in Palestine, Ananus, high-priest, slain, III 38 ; splendor of, under Senna­ Antiochus Epiphanes oppresses cherib, 39; progress in arts, the Jews, 64 40; commerce of, 42; mag­ Antiochus of Commagene at the nificence of the kings, 43; siege of Jerusalem, 120 palaces of, 44; decadence of, Antonia, fortress of, described, 54; their imperishable records, 104; destroyed, 117 55; their cruelty, 56 Apelles slain by Mattathias, 65 Atonement, fast of, 56 Apocrypha, how composed, 76 - "Alta Troll," satire of Heine,318 Apollonius defeated by Judas Auerbach, and Spinoza, 229; Maccaba!us, 66 first German novelist, 238 Aramaie, spoken in Palestine, 75 Auto-da-fe in Sp~in, 161, etc. Ark, of the Covenant, described, Averroes and Avicenna, Moorish 16 philosophelS, 138 371 372 THE STORY OF THE YEWS.

B Cerealis leads Romans to the linal attack on Jerusalem, II7 Babylon, captivity at, 57 Chaldeans, their ancient empire, Bacchides defeats Judas Macca­ 37 breus, 69 Charlemagne and the Jews, 139 Badges worn by medireval Jews, "Charles Auchester," description 201 of :Felix Mendelssohn from, Bamberger, Jewish statesman in 343, etc. Germany, 296 Chasidim, a division among the Barak defeats Sisera, 18 Hebrews, 77 Bar Cocheba, rebels against Christian idea of the Jews, 2 Rome, 133; a false Messiah, Cicero, depreciates trade, 254; 216 the corn-ships at Rhodes, 273 Beaconsfield, see Disraeli Cobbett taunts the Jews, 283 Beautiful, gate of the Temple,I0ol Coleridge . introduces Spinoza to Benfey, Sanscrit scholar, 238 English thinkers. 229 Ben Hadad, of Syria, conquered Commerce, how the Jews came by the Assyrians, 38 to follow it, 136; skilful pur­ Bernays, Jewish scholar, 238 suit of, in modern times, 237 Bernhardt, Sarah, Jewish artist, .. Conqueror," battering-ram of 238 Titus,II4 . Bismarck and Lasker, 296 Cremieux, French statesman of Black Death in the 14th century, Hebrew birth, 282, 298 167, 198 Cromwell brings Jews back to .. Book Le Grand," work of England, 192, 201 Heine, quoted, 318, etc. Cuneiform inscriptions, 36 Btirne, Ludwig. with Heine in Curse prOlloRnced upon Spinoza, the Frankfort J uden-gassc, 224 230 Cyrus, the Mede. conquers As­ Botta, Assyrian explorer, 36 syria, 54; restores Jews to Pal­ British Museum, Assyrian collec­ estine, 57 tion at, 29 Buckle, harsh toward Jews, 202 D C Damascus, seat of a Syrian king­ dom, 25; conquered by As­ Cabala described, 222 syria, 38; Jews persecuted at, Cahorsin, money-lenders, 193 in 1840, 281 Caleb, ancient Hebrew champion, David, conquests of, 20; the 18 most popular poet in England, Canaanites, their civilization, 3II their conquest by the Israel­ Deborah inspires the Hebrews, ites, 18 18 Canon, of the Old Testament, Dingelstedt, Franz, his anti-Se­ formation of, 76 mitic poem, 357 Canute banishes the Jews from Dispersion of the Jews, 133 England, 189 Disraeli, Benjamin. Earl of Bea­ Cartaphilus, see Wandering Jew consfield, his assertion of He­ Castelar, Spanish statesman of brew superiority, 2; his ori­ Jewish origin, 295 gin, a typical Jew, 305; hiE INDEX. 373

entrance into Parliament, 306 ; Friedrich Wilhelm IV. and his public career, devotion of Heine, 322· hi. wife, 308 ; enthusiasm of, Froude and Spinoza, ;30 for his race, 310, 311 Disraeli, Isaac, father of Lord G Beaconsfield, 305 Dominicans prominent in perse­ Galilee, Romans attempt to con­ cuting the Jews, 162 quer, 95, etc. Domitius Sabin us, the centurion, Gambetta, descended from Geno­ at the siege of J otapata, 99 ese Jews, 298; puts out an eye in his boyhood, 300; steps into E fame in 1868, 300; in the Corps Legislatif in 1870, 301 i his Edomites subdued by Hebrews, astonishing energy, 3°2; his IZ oratory, 303, 304 Edward I, banishes Jews from Gemara, combined with the England, 192 Mischna to form the Talmud, Eleazar, brother of Judas Mac­ 143 cabaeu., death of, 69 Germany, Jews in, in mediaeval Elijah and Elisha protest against times, 165, etc.; in modern idolatries, 26 times, 239, 240; ridiculed by .. Elijah," oratorio of Mendels- Heine, 321 • sohn, 342 Gessius Floru., Roman procura­ England, Jews in, 189, etc. tor, attacks Jerusalem, 94; is Essenes, a Jewish sect, 80 defeated, 95 Ezra, restores the power of Is­ Gibbon sneers at the Jews, 202 rael, 58 i establishc$ &he canon, Gideon, ancient Hebrew cham­ pion, 18 75 F Goethe, his" Faust" quoted, 216; admirer of Spinoza, 229 ; friend of the Mendelssohns, 339 False Messiahs, 216 Goldwin Smith unjust to the Fasts and feasts, 84 Jews, 253 Ferdinand, King of Spain, perse­ Glltlingen, Heine's hatred for, cutes the Jews, 140; expatri­ 314 ates them, 158 Grace Aguilar quoted, 154, 158 Fichte influenced by Spinoza, 229 Graetz, Jewish historian, quoted, Finance, skill of Jews in, 237; 161 not exceptionally sordid and Grimm, Jacob, studies of, in folk. harsh, 255, etc. lore, 210 Fine Arts, Jews as cultivators of, Gugenheim, father - in -law of 237 Moses Mendelssohn, 249 Flagellants destroy the Jews, 167 Florence, Jews at, 193 H Fould, Achille, French statesman and financier of Hebrew birth, Halevy, Jewish musician, 231 298 Handicrafts, Jews restrained France, Jews in, 197, etc. from, at the dispersion, 136; Franke, famous in medicine, 238 followed in Sicily, 195; He­ Frankfort, ]uden-gasse in, 166, brew dislike of, in modern 259 times, 236 374 THE STORY OF THE YEWS.

Hanoukhah, feast of, its origin. fend Jerusalem against Titus, 68, 84; .celebrated by the IIO Rothschilds, 260 " lise." poem of Heine. 324 Hazael, of Syria, conquered by Inquisition and the Jews, ISS, Assyrians. 38 etc • Hebrews, see Jews. .. Iron Maiden," apparatus for Hegel, admirer of Spinoza, 229 torture, 156 Heine, Heinrich, llis .. Rabbi of Isaac the patriarch, 12 Bacharach," 167; admirer of Isaac. ambassador of Charle­ Spinoza, 229; called by M at­ magne,139 thew Arnold first German poet Isaac Arama, Jewish poet, quoted, since Goethe, 238; with Borne 161 in the Frankfort J uden-gasse, Isabella, queen of Spain, a perS6- 260; with James Rothschild at cutor, 140; assents to exile of Paris,271; his origin and career, the Jews, 158 :312-317; his inconsistency, his Isaiah, the prophet. counsels descriptive power, 318 ; .his wit Hezekiah, 52 and bitterness, 320; his frivol­ Israel, kingdom of, 25; conquered ity. 32 2 ;analogues in English by Assyria. 39 literature. 323; his poetic power Israelites, see Jews. and sweetness, 324, etc.; as Italy, Jews in, 193. etc. voicing thll Jewish heart, 327 ; before the Venus of Milo, 328. J 32 9 Jacob the patriarch, 12 Heine, Solomon, uncle of the Jaddua. high-priest, meets Alex­ poet. 313 ander the Great, 58 Heliodorus tries to rob the Tem­ J ael slays Sisera, 18 pie. 72 Jehovah, Hebrew name for God, Hensel, Wilhelm. brother-in-law 16 of Felix Mendelssohn. 335. J ephthah, ancient champion of 340 .346 Israel, 18 .. Hep ! hep ! " cry .of the perse­ Jerusalem, founded, 22 j em­ cutors. 200. 356 bellished by Solomon, 23; Heptarchy, Jews under the. 189 sacked in time of Jeroboam by Herod, rules Judea, 73 ; slays the the Egyptians, 26; described, children, 68 102, etc.; beMeged by Titus, Herodians. Jewish sect. 79 10<), etc.; its capture and de­ Hesse Cassel. Landgrave of, and struction, II9; visits of Sir Rothschild. 259 . Moses Montefiore to, 284. 289; Hezekiah. King of Judah. 39; th .. new town near the J alIa­ his good reign. throws off the gate, 292 yoke of Assyria, 48 .. Jerusalem," work of Moses Hillel, Jewish teacher, 81 Mendelssohn, 244 Hiram of Tyre and Solomon. 23 Jesus, of Nazareth, his hirth, 86 ; Holland, the refuge of the op- in the Temple, baptism, 88; pressed, 219 his temptation, gospel, passion, death, and resurrection, 89; I his character the beauty of hol­ Idumreans. subdued by Judas iness, 92; in the legend of the Maccabreus, 68; come to de- Wandering Jew. 20<) • INDEX. 375

Jews, tbeir assertion of superior­ 194; .in Souther" Italy and ity, 1 ; character of tbeir liter­ Sicily, 195, 196; in France, al ure, 3 ; tenacity as a r:lce, 4, under Philip Augustus and St. 5 ; tbeir force and passion, 6 ; Louis. 197; sufferings from religious nature, 7; at their the U Pastoureaux,'" in time of origin, 12 ; valor under David, the .. Black Deatb," 198; be­ 20; vigor declines, 22; the come cbattels. 200; badges, kingdoms of Judab and Israel, narrowness of Protestants, 201 : 25; force of, as sbown in fhe of unbelievers, 202 ; sometimes struggle with Assyria, 32; at retaliate, 203; as typified in Nineveb, 41 ; their defiance of Shylock, 204. etc.; in tbe Sennacberib, 52; captives at Wandering Jew, 208, etc.; in­ Babylon, 57; restoration to tolerance and unamiability of, Palestine, 58; contact with 215 ; false Messiabs. 216; en­ Aryans, 61; dispersion, 64; thusiasm for Sabbatai Zevi, 2 I 7; civilization in time of the Mac:­ they seek refuge in Holland, cabees, 74; parties and sects, 219 ; ·respect for the Cabala, 75, etc.; oppressed and at last 222; tbe persecution of Spin­ crushed by Rome, 94, etc.; oza, 223, etc.; total number their spiritual conquest of the and distribution, of at present, Aryans, 126, etc.; dispersion, tbeir eminence, 235; seldom 133; temper rarely concili.... soldiers, farmers, or artisans, tory, 134; how they became 236 ; as financiers, as artists, traders, 136; their services in 237; as pbilosophers and commerce, 137; contact .with scholars, 238; their degrad .... the Moslems. 138 ; enter Spain, tion in Germany, 239; influ­ 138; at the Renaissance, 139; ence of. Moses Mendelssohn, favored by the Saracens, and by 240, etc.; their distrust of him, Charlemagne, 139; persecuted 245; as business men; 254; in later times. 140; in Spain, their ill-repute undeserved, 152; insincere cbnverts, 153; 255, etc.; their genius for af­ a Hebrew shrine, 154; before fairs, 276; persecuted in the tbe Inquisition, ISS, etc.; in 1840,281 ; helped in driven out of Spain, 158, etc.; Palestine and elsewhere by in other lands, 160; lamenta­ Montefiore. 283; in ·Morocco, tions over Spain, 161; an 288 ; incited to work in Pales­ auto-da-fe, 162, etc.; in Ger­ tine by Montefiore, 290, 291 ; many, 165, etc.; lightly touched­ as statesmen, 295; Disraeli's by the Black Death, 167 ; pic­ enthusiasm for, 310, 311; find ture of their medireval life, a voice in Heine, 312, 327; 168, etc; in England, pro­ dreaded for their energy and tected by early Plantagenets, power, 355, etc.; their invet­ 189; Richard Creur de Lion erate scorn. 357; curious cus­ persecutes, mnssacre at York. toms of, 358, etc.; cemetery at 190, etc.; driven out by Ed­ Newport, 359,360; in Poland, ward I., 192; restored by 360, etc.; .. measuring tbe Cromwell, 192; drowning of. boundaries," 361 ; treatment of near London Bridge, 192; in apostates, 364 ; compared with Venice, Florence, Genoa, and Yankees, 366; described by F. Papal states, 193; at Rome, Adler, 367 ; orthodox nucleus• .z cc 376 . THE STORY OF THE YEWS.

368; reformers, 368, 369 ; Lavater, his connection with promise of a better day, 369 Moses Mendelssohn, 245 ; his Joachim, Jewish musician, 237 description of Mendelssohn, John the Baptist and Jesus of 249 Nazareth, 88 Law given on Sinai, 14 ; written, John of Giscala defends J erusa­ included in the canon, 76; ori­ salem against Titus, IIO, etc.; gin of, 76; scrolls of, ISS, 184, dies in prison, II9 ,194 John Hyrcanus, descendant of Layard, his Assyrian' discoveries, the Maccabees, 71 36 Jonathan, son of Saul, 20 Leah Rendar, story of, 363 Jonathan, brother of Judas Mac- ,Leibnitz, his treatment of Spi. cabreus,70 noza, 229 Joseph, son of Jacob, 12 Lessing admires Spinoza and Joseph, husband of Mary, 86 spreads his fame, 229; friend Josephus, commands in Galilee, of Moses Mendelssohn, 243; 45; the prisoner of Vespasian, his" Nathan the Wise," 251, 100; counsels the defenders of 'etc. Jerusalem to yield, 1I5 ; value Libraries, cities as, 33 ; destruc- of his history, he follows Titus ,tion at Alexandria, 55 to Rome, 121 Literature, Jews in. 238 Joshua, an ancient champion, 18 Lombard traders, 193 Joshua, the priest, surrenders the London Bridge, Jews drowned Temple treasures to Titus, II8 near, 192 Jotapata, defended by Josephus Longfellow, his .. Sandalphon," against Vespasian, 95, etc. 146; .. Jewish Cemetery at Judah, kingdom of, 25 ; invaded Newport," 359, 360 ,by Sennacherib, 49 .. Lorelei," poem of Heine, 326 Judas Maccabreus, defeats Apol­ Lost tribes of Israel, 39, 133 lonius, Seron, and Lysias, 65, Louis IX. (St. Louis) persecutes 66; his later career, 67, 68; the Hebrews, 140, 197 hIS death, 69; his burial at Louis XVIII. helped by Roths­ Modin,70 child, 269 J uden-gasse, at Frankfort, 166; Louis Philippe helped to the birthplace of the Rothschilds, throne by Rothschilds, 270 258; Heine's account of, 260 ; Lucius, Roman soldier at the his association with, 313 siege of Jerusalem, 120 Ludwig II., of Bavaria, and K Heine, 322 Kant, Immanuel, his tribute to Luther intolerant toward Jews, the .. Jerusalem" of Moses 140, 201 Mendelssohn, 245 Lysias defeated by Judas Macca­ Karaites, Jewish sect rejecting breus, 67 the Talmud, 148 M L Maccabees, their origin, 64 ; their Lamego, Portuguese ancestor of car' er, 65, etc.; the power of Sir Moses Montefiore, 280 the successors of Judas, 70 Lasker, German statesman of Macedonians, contact of, with tho Hebrew birth, 296 Jews, 63 INDEX. 377

M.ria Theresa, unfriendly to He- Mendelssohn, Leah Salomon, brews, 140 wife of Abraham, 333 ; herlet- Mary, the mother of Jesus, 86 ter to her daughter's lover, Massena, Marshal, his Jewish ori- 336 gin, 236 Mendelssohn, Moses, his birth Maltathias, founder of the line of and educatioR, 242 ; his litera- the Maccabees, 64 ; slays Ap- ry work, 243; his breadth of peles, 65 ; death and burial at spirit, 244 ; his attachment to Modin,66 , 245 ; his letter to La- Matterhorn in the legend of the vater, 246, etc.; his death, 248; Wandering Jew, 213 his wooing, 249, 250; por- Maurice, F. D., admirer of Spi- lrayed in .. Nalhan the Wise," nom, 230 251 ; his fine spirit and beauti- Maximilian, Emperor, at Nieg- ful inOuence, 368, 369 esehenburg, 180 Mendelssohn, Paul, ,,39, 347 .. Measuring the bounds," pic- Mendelssohn, Rebecca, 345 turesque custom, 361, etc. Mesopolamia under lhe Assyn.. Meissn~r, German poet, friend of ans, 40 Heine, quoted, 328, 364 Messiah expected, 85 Menasseh ben Israel obtains Meyerbeer, Jewish composer, 237 from Cromwell the restoration .. Midsummer Night's Dream," of Jews to England, 192 overture to, by Mendelssohn, Mendelssohll, Abraham, son of 338 Moses and father of Felix, Mischna, combined with the Ge- 332 ; his letter as to the reli- mara to form the Talmud, 81, gious education of his children, 142 334 ; his death, 349 Moabites subdued by Israel, 12 Mendelssohn, Dorothea, daugh- Modin, home of the Maccabees, ler of Moses, marries Veit, 64 her connection with Friedrich Montefiere, Judith, wife of Sir Schlegel, 33J, 332 Moses, her diary, 283, etc. Mendelssohn, Fanny, daughter of Montefiore, Sir Moses, a typical Abraham, 333; marries Wil- Jew, 278; his ancestry and helm Hensel, 335 j her home early career, 280 j his phil.n- in Berlin, 337, 345 j lellers, thropic journeys, 281 j at Da- 348, 349 j dealh, 352 mascus, 282 j in Palestine and Mendelssohn-Bartholdy, Felix, Russia, 283; enters Jerusalem. his birth, 332 j his precocity, 286 j his strength in age, 288 j 335 j his boyhood in Berlin, at Morocco, 289 j incites the 339 j his early success, 340 j Jews to industry and thrift, character of his music, his 290 j his breadth of mind, 292 j fame in England, appearance, his widespread fame, personal 342; described in .. Charles appearance, orthodoxy, 293 j Auchester," 343 j with Victoria belief in the restoration of the and Prince Albert, 350, etc. j Jews to the Holy Land, 294 letters on death of his father Moors, see Saracens and sister Fanny, 352, 353 j Moriah, Mount, site of the Tem- his death, 352 pIe, 103 Mendelssohn, Joseph, son of Morocco, Montefiore visits, 268 Moses, 332 , Moscheles, Jewish composer, 237 THE STORY OF TirE YEWS,

Moses, the ancient lawgiver and Pentecost, feast of, 84 • leader, 14 Pereire, Isaac and Emile, rail_ Moslem contact with Hebrews, road kings of France, 276, etc. 138 .. Phredo," work of Moses Men­ N . delssohn, 243 Pharisees, 78 ; their tends, 79 Napoleon 1. frees Jews tempo­ Philip Augustus, of France, per­ rarily, 313; admire,l and de­ 'secutes the Jews, 197 scribed by Heine. 319 Philip the Fair, of France, per­ Napoleon Ill. and- Gambetta, secutes the Jews, 198 300, 301 l'hilistil'es as conquerors, 18; as .. Nathan the Wise," drama of conquered, 20 Lessing, 251, etc. Philosophy, eminence of Jews in, cc New Christians, II insincere con.. 238 verts from Judaism, 153 Phrenicians, contact with Jews, Niegesehenburg. a medireval Ger­ 23 ; subjected by Assyria, 47 mall. city, 179 .~ Pilgrimage to Kevlaar," poem Nineveh, see Assyria of Heine, 317 Nonotte, wife of Heine, 323; Poland, Jews in, 360 lines to, 325 Pompey takes Jerusalem, 73 Novalis on Spinoza, 229 Pope,s, their changing policy tow- Nuremberg, torture-chamber at, ard the Jews, 194 ISS Portugal, cruelties in, 160 o Prince Albert and Felix Mendels­ sohn, 350, etc. O'Connell, Daniel, and Disraeli, Prophets, account of, 22 306 Protestants intolerant of Jews, Odin, connection with the legend 201 of the Wild Huntsman, 210 Punck on the conversion of the " Old Lady of the Damm Thor," Jews, 155 mother of Heine, 323' Puritans intolerant of Jews, 201 Old Testament, origin of, 76 Oppenheim; German statesman R of Jewish birth, 296 Oxford, insult to the cross nt, 203 Rabbi Abraham, story. of, 168, etc. P Rachel, Jewish actress, 238 Rahel, wife of Varnhagen von Palestine, physical description of, Ense, her salon at Berlin, 313 9, 10, 12; conquered by As­ Rationalist idea of the Jews, 3, syria, 38; Montefiore's work etc. in, 290 Renan, admirer of Spinoza, 230 Passover, the feast of, 84: its Rhodes, Jews persecuted at, in celebration in medireval times, 1840, 281 169 Ricardo, political economist 01 Pastoureaux in France persecute Hebrew birth, 254 Jews, 198 Richard Creur de Lion persecutes Paul, conversion of, 90 the Jews, qo, 190 Pedanins, Roman llOrseman at Romans, first contact of, with Jerusalem, 120 the Jews in time of Judas ;NDEX. 379

Macea!>"",us, '10; their coming Sarah, wife of Rabbi Aflraham. to Palestine, n ; their oppros­ story of, 169, etc. sion of the J ew., 9~; under Saul, king of Israel, 20 Vespasian and Titus, they Savonarola unfriendly ~Io the crush Palestine, 95, etc, . Jews, 140 Rome, Jews in, 193 Schlegel, Friedrich, and Doro­ Rothschild, Baron Alphonse, and thea Mendelssohn, 331 Napoleon Ill" 272 Schleiermacher, his trihute to Rothschild, Baron James, at Spinoza, 230 • Paris, 268; helps Louis XVIII., Science, distinction 0.1 Jews in, 2~; helps Louis Philippe, his 238 brusqueness, 270; his fear of Seleucidae oppress the Jews, 64 Heine, 271 Semiramis, legend of, 29 Rothschild, Baron Lionel, Lon­ Semites, origin of, 12 don, 268 Sennacherib, his .accession, 39 ; Rothschild, Meyer Anselm, his palace at Nineveh, 46; at­ founder of the house, in Frank­ tacks Judah, 48; his magnifi­ fort J uden-gasse, 2S8; the cent array, 49, etc.; destruction Landgrave of Hesse Cassel, of,53 260; wife of, 261 : her attach­ Sephardim, a name for the Span. ment to the J uden-gasse, 262 ; ish Israelites, 152; give birth their five sons, 262 to Spinoza, 220; to Disraeli, Rothschild, Nathan Meyer, goes 305 to London, 262 ; at Waterloo, Septuagint, how prepared, 76 263: his great speculation, 264 ; Seraphael, a name for Felix his death, 267 Mendelssohn, 343 Rubenstein, Jewish musician, 237 Seron defeated by Judas Macca­ Russia, large Jewish population baeus, 66 of, 235; testimony to their Shelley inspired by Spinoza, 230 ability, 283: diplomacy of, Shylock, what he might have guided by Jews, 295 heard on the Rialto, 204, 205 ; palliation for his cruelty, 206; S Heine's portrayal of, 206, etc. Sicily, Jews in, 195 Sabbatii Zevi, a false Messiah, Simon, son of Gioras, defends 21!), etc. Jerusalem against Titus, III, Sadducees, origin of, 77; their etc.; slain at Rome, 123 tenets, 78 Sisebut, Visigothic king of Spain, Samaria, capital of Israel, 26; 152; Jews rise against, 203 conquered by Assyria, 38; Sisera slain by J ael, 18 people of, 82; cursed by Ihe Solomon, his splendor and wis­ Jews, 83 dom, 22; his fo\ly, 25 .. Sam'l of Posen," popular play, Spain, Jews in, 152, etc. 367 Spinoza. his high and pure spirit, Samson, ancient champion, 18 219; falsely accused of atheism, Samuel, the prophet, 20 220; his origin and childhood • Sandalphon," the legend ver­ at Amsterdam, 220; his pre. sified from the Talmud by cocity, revolts at the Cabala, Longfellow, 146 222; escapes assassination, but Saracens and Jews, 138, 203 is excommunicated, 223; the 380 THE STOR Y OF THE yE WS.

curse pronounced upon him, Tribes of Israel, their position on 224, 225; his magnanimity, the march, 16 polishes crystals for It liveli­ Turks, their comparative human­ hood, 225 ; his catholicity, his ity to the Jews, 159; their death, 226; his philosophy treatment of Sabbatai Zevi, outlined, his humanity, 227, 218 228 ; history of his fame, 229 ; his present supremacy, 230; v tribute to his worth, 231 Standing Men in the ancient Varnhagenvon Ense and Heine, Temple service, 83 31 3 Stephen, Paul at the stoning of, Venus of Milo, Heine in pres­ 90 ence of, 328, 329' StOcker, German anti - Semitic Vespasian, besieges Jotapata, 95. Jeader, 356 etc.; becomes emperor, 100 ; .. St. Paul," oratorio of Mendels­ at the triumph of Titus. 121 sohn. 342 Victoria, Queen, and Felix Men­ delssohn. 350. etc. T Visigoths and Jews, 152 Voltaire harsh toward Jews, 202 Tabernacle, description of, 18 Tabernacles, feast of, 84 W Taine, admirer of Spinoza, 230 Talmud, its origin, 141; the Wagner. his futile effort to bring Mischna and Gcmara, 142, the Jews to confusion, 238 J 43 ; subtleties of the rabbis, Wandering Jew, different ver­ value of, 143; its incoherency, sions of the legend, Carta­ 144; its wisdom and beauty, philus or Ahasuerus, 208 ; his 145, 146; its hygienic valne, pilgrimage. 209 ; becomes 148 blended with the Wild Hunts­ Targums, Aremaic paraphrases man, 210, etc. ; before the of Scripture, 76 Matterhorn, 213 Temple of Solomon, building ,Wellington, his dislike of the and consecration of, 23, 24; Rothschilds. 266 rebuilding of, after captivity at Werner, Saint, his shrine on the Babylon, 57; in the time of Rhine, 168 Titus, 103 ; destruction of, by Wild Huntsman becomes blend­ the Romans, 1I8 ed with the Wandering Jew. Tenth legion at the siege of J er­ 210, etc. usalem, 112 William the Conqueror protects Titus storms J otapata, 99; ad­ the Jews, 189. vances upon Jerusalem, 108; William Rufus befriends the his army, 109 ; his narrow es­ Jews, I89 -, cape, I II ; besieges the city, Woistes, medireval German town, H2, etc.; his victory, II9 ; his Jews at, 168. etc. triumph, 121, etc.; the arch of, 124 Y Torah, see Law , Torquemada, as grand inquisi­ Yankee and Jew, 366 tor, persecutes the Jews, 159 York, tragedy at, 190, etc. INDEX.

z Zion, symbol of Hebrew nation, 1 ; the ark finds a sanctuary Zadikim, division among the there in the time of David; at Jews, 77 the time of the siege by the Zealots, a Jewish sect, 79 ; at the Roman., 102 siege of Jerusalem. 110 PRINTBD BY MORRISON Al\'"D 'UIBB LIMITED RDlNBURGD