Lecture 6: Postmodernism / Late Modernism

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Lecture 6: Postmodernism / Late Modernism Lecture 6: Postmodernism / Late Modernism ! Context: post WWII development of Modernism and International Style! ! _International Style developing out of avant-garde design work after WW II! ! _avant-garde design aesthetic and ideas hurriedly and shallowly applied ! during the economic boom! ! _one size ﬁts all approach to design, international rather than regional responses! ! _clean slate to develop into a new economic world order: "American Way of Life#! ! _suburbia and conspicuous consumption expressing new social order! ! _national identity creation through production and design!

_criticism of increasingly technocratic and sterile environments! and functionalist design approaches as well as impact of mediated ! consumerism! !

Lecture 6: Postmodernism / Late Modernism Context: cultural_social! ! _coming to terms with modernism [post referring to what comes after modernism, but also critique from the inside of the Modernist camp]

_Metanarratives: deconstructed, exposed as one dimensional – histories are written by the winners, his-story herstory! Lyotard: the major stories that have previously united ! cultures – religious, social, and scientiﬁc ones – are on the way out, or at least incredible ! today; god, progress, socialism, !nationalism,…. ! !_pluralism: multiple simultaneous histories ! $! !_building on the protests of the sixties,! it translated into a philosophy of cultural pluralism ! ! !_binary system / logic and structural analysis questioned; dealing with opposite taste cultures! $! !_Jencks# narrative of Post-modernism starts as an internal critique of modernism,… “too ! ! imperial, too commercial and a sign of the corporate Pax Americana! !

Lecture 6: Postmodernism / Late Modernism The Pruitt-Igoe Housing project, St. Louis, 1957, epitomizes abstract modern planning and architecture. Because of vandalism and serious crime, people refused to live here.! ! ! Charles Jenks described the blowing up the housing project the moment when !Modern Architecture" died. !

Lecture 6: Postmodernism / Late Modernism Archigram, Various Projects: Plug-in City, Instant City, A walking City in New York, 1964

#A new generation of architecture must arise with forms and spaces which seems to reject the precepts of !Modern" yet in fact retains those precepts. We have chosen to by pass the decaying Bauhaus image which is an insult to functionalism. You can roll out steel – any length. You can blow up a balloon – any size. You can mould plastic – any shape. Blokes that built the Forth Bridge – they didn"t worry.$ David Greene, Archigram

Lecture 6: Postmodernism / Late Modernism Radical thinking in architecture produced exploratory work, mostly utopian, but nevertheless influential, thereby setting a mood for future designers and their understanding of design in a changing society.

Lecture 6: Postmodernism / Late Modernism Lecture 6: Postmodernism / Late Modernism Archigram, Electronic Tomato, 1969

Lecture 6: Postmodernism / Late Modernism Haus Rucker Co, Mindexpander, 1967 Lecture 6: Postmodernism / Late Modernism "They were the Merry Pranksters of architecture$ (William Menking)

Ant Farm, Foot Pillow, Rolling Stones concert, Altamont,1969

Lecture 6: Postmodernism / Late Modernism Ant Farm, Texas the House of the Century, 1972

Lecture 6: Postmodernism / Late Modernism Ant Farm, Media Van, customised Chevrolet, 1971

Lecture 6: Postmodernism / Late Modernism http://vimeo.com/9689255

Lecture 6: Postmodernism / Late Modernism Archizoom, Non-Stop City, 1972

Lecture 6: Postmodernism / Late Modernism Wassily Chair, Marcel Breuer 1925 Joe Baseball Glove Chair, Studio De Pas, D"Urbino, Lomaazzi, 1970

Lecture 6: Postmodernism / Late Modernism Lecture 6: Postmodernism / Late Modernism Archizoom, Mies Chair and Footstool,1969

Lecture 6: Postmodernism / Late Modernism Memphis furniture range, Ettore Sottsass 1981

Lecture 6: Postmodernism / Late Modernism Piano and Rogers, Centre Pompidou, Paris, 1971-76

Lecture 6: Postmodernism / Late Modernism Piano and Rogers, Competition Entry Drawing, Centre Pompidou, Paris, 1971-76

Lecture 6: Postmodernism / Late Modernism Piano and Rogers, Centre Pompidou, Paris, 1971-76

Lecture 6: Postmodernism / Late Modernism

Hilton Hotel, 2001: A Space Odyssey, Stanley Kubrik, 1968 Djin [Genie] Sofas by Olivier Mourgue, 1965

The set design for this film expressed a state of the art depiction of what the future [futuristic style"] would like, that is in 2001, 31 years after its release,!. using current modernist styling and furniture design it carried a belief in progress and modernist ideals, all packaged in an abstract, minimalist but slightly disconcerting and perhaps even threatening aesthetic. The story line evoked the ghost in the machine, thereby indicating a critic of the machine as the ultimate metaphor for a design aesthetic and modern society.

Lecture 6: Postmodernism / Late Modernism Stanley Kubrik, Space Station with PanAm flight, 2001: A Space Odyssey

Lecture 6: Postmodernism / Late Modernism Lecture 6: Postmodernism / Late Modernism The Ghost in the machine; augmented human-machine being with Robocop, Terminator and Frankenstein

Lecture 6: Postmodernism / Late Modernism Lecture 6: Postmodernism / Late Modernism !""!#$%$&'()*+,%!""!#$-%./01+,20*3%&4%!550/&02-%6789%

Lecture 6: Postmodernism / Late Modernism Lecture 6: Postmodernism / Late Modernism A #gentle manifesto for a non-straightforward architecture$, 1966 Appropriation of a Mies motto: #Less is a bore – more is not less$

Lecture 6: Postmodernism / Late Modernism Robert Venturi, Vanna Venturi House, 1962

Lecture 6: Postmodernism / Late Modernism #Such manifestations of articulation and clarity are foreign to an architecture of complexity and contradiction which tends to include: !both-and", rather than exclude: !either-or"$.

Lecture 6: Postmodernism / Late Modernism Learning from Las Vegas: The forgotten symbolism of architectural form, 1971 #A new nostalgia – the new no longer needed to replace the old.$

Lecture 6: Postmodernism / Late Modernism Learning from Las Vegas: The forgotten symbolism of architectural form, 1971

Lecture 6: Postmodernism / Late Modernism Athfield House and Office, Athfield Architects, Wellington, 1965-

Lecture 6: Postmodernism / Late Modernism Porteous House, Wellington, Athfield Architects, 1969

Lecture 6: Postmodernism / Late Modernism First Church of Christ Scientist, Wellington, Athfield Architects, 1980

Lecture 6: Postmodernism / Late Modernism Oriental Bay Apartments, Athfield Architects, 1985

Lecture 6: Postmodernism / Late Modernism Lecture 6: Postmodernism / Late Modernism Public Library, Athfield Architects, Wellington,1992

Lecture 6: Postmodernism / Late Modernism Lecture 6: Postmodernism / Late Modernism Roger Walker, Britten House, Karaka Bay, Wellington, 1974

Lecture 6: Postmodernism / Late Modernism Roger Walker, Britten House, Karaka Bay, Wellington, 1974

Lecture 6: Postmodernism / Late Modernism Philipp Johnson, AT&T Building, New York, 1984

Lecture 6: Postmodernism / Late Modernism Charles Moore, Piazza d"Italia, New Orleans, 1978

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Lecture 6: Postmodernism / Late Modernism James Stirling, Stuttart Staatsgallerie, Germany, 1977-84

Lecture 6: Postmodernism / Late Modernism James Stirling, Staatsgalerie, Stutttgart, 1983

Lecture 6: Postmodernism / Late Modernism Altes Museum Berlin, K.F. Schinkel, Berlin, 1823-30

James Stirling, Stuttart Staatsgallerie, Germany, 1977-84

Lecture 6: Postmodernism / Late Modernism Nigel Coates, The Wall, Tokyo, 1989

Lecture 6: Postmodernism / Late Modernism NATO – Narrative Architecture Today

Nigel Coates with Shi Yu Chen, Café Bongo, Tokyo, 1986

Lecture 6: Postmodernism / Late Modernism Rogers, Lloyds Headquarters, London, 1984

Lecture 6: Postmodernism / Late Modernism Peter Eisenman, House VI, Cornwall Connecticut, 1975

Lecture 6: Postmodernism / Late Modernism House VI, Form Generation Video

Lecture 6: Postmodernism / Late Modernism Gehry Residence, Santa Monica, Frank Gehry, 1978

Lecture 6: Postmodernism / Late Modernism #!.and deliberately has randomly slanted lines and angled protrusions. Although the house retains a certain minimalist sense, the effort here is cluttered expressionistic and the sensibility is freely intended as artistically intuitive, of accident not resolved.$

Lecture 6: Postmodernism / Late Modernism Form complexity in architecture through new technologies: Guggenheim Museum Bilbao, Frank Gehry, Bilbao, 1997

Lecture 6: Postmodernism / Late Modernism Lecture 6: Postmodernism / Late Modernism Postmodern responses:

_coming to terms with modernism [post referring to what comes after modernism, but also criticism from the inside of the Modernist camp] _high and low / everyday and popular culture coming together

_local / pluralistic as opposed to a metanarrative [multiple histories, rather than a single definite one] ! _critique of increasingly technocratic and sterile environments and functionalist design approaches

!_breaking with the Modernist "design rules#!

_experimental, utopian, ironic, machine fetish exposed"

_high tech machine expressions developed into a specific aesthetic

_search for a visual [spatial / architectural] language that could communicate with a diverse population

_architectural postmodernism often stylistic: ‘freestyle classicism’ / ‘citationism’ symbolic, figurative, narrative based, humour, not one style or good design approach or method

_less is a bore, both / and, complexity and contradiction

_vernacular expressions appropriated and included

_computer technology to help understand #complexity in the natural an human worlds$

Lecture 6: Postmodernism / Late Modernism