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Seroprevalencia De Anticuerpos Contra Trypanosoma Cruzi En Caninos Del Área

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Seroprevalencia De Anticuerpos Contra Trypanosoma Cruzi En Caninos Del Área SEROPREVALENCIA DE AC CONTRA T. CRUZI 1 Seroprevalencia de Anticuerpos Contra Trypanosoma cruzi en Caninos del Área Metropolitana de Bucaramanga Diego Camilo Alejandro Silva Gómez Daniel Felipe Vanegas Jerez Trabajo de grado para optar al título de Médico Veterinario Director: John Jaime Quimbaya Ramírez Magíster en Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas Universidad De Santander-UDES Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Naturales y Agropecuarias. Programa de Medicina Veterinaria Bucaramanga 2020 SEROPREVALENCIA DE AC CONTRA T. CRUZI 2 SEROPREVALENCIA DE AC CONTRA T. CRUZI 3 SEROPREVALENCIA DE AC CONTRA T. CRUZI 4 Dedicatoria La presente tesis se la dedicamos a nuestras familias, por brindarnos su apoyo tanto económico como emocional, y su confianza en todo lo que fue necesario para cumplir nuestros sueños. Por hacer de nosotros mejores personas por medio de su amor, consejos y enseñanzas al estar siempre presentes. Por ser testigos directos de cada acierto y error – sin su paciencia y dedicación jamás podríamos convertirnos en los hombres que anhelamos ser. Ante todo, dedicarle este triunfo a Dios por ayudarnos a labrar nuestro camino y rodearnos de personas llenas de amor y cariño que nos acompañaron durante nuestros procesos. A las personas que en sinergia ayudaron a que todo este proyecto saliera adelante, y que gracias a ello podemos forjar un mañana próspero, como futuros médicos veterinarios. Los resultados de este proyecto están dedicados a todas aquellas personas que hicieron posible, de alguna forma su realización y culminación. SEROPREVALENCIA DE AC CONTRA T. CRUZI 5 Agradecimientos Nuestros más sinceros agradecimientos a los directores de proyecto Yezid Ardila y John Quimbaya por su guía, entendimiento y paciencia durante todo el desarrollo de esta tesis. A nuestros compañeros que participaron de las jornadas de recolección de muestras Jennifer Gómez, Angélica Leal, Alejandra García; sin los cuales no hubiera sido posible lograr la meta de conseguir todas las muestras necesarias. A nuestras familias y amigos cercanos por estar en cada paso que dimos, levantándonos durante nuestras caídas e impulsándonos a continuar y resistir. A todos nuestros profesores que estuvieron presentes durante toda o algunas partes de nuestra carrera por ayudarnos a mejorar y crecer cada día como profesionales integrales. A las múltiples personas que confiaron en nosotros al darnos el permiso de tomar muestras de sus mascotas. Por último y no por eso menos importante, a Dios por darnos salud y vida para levantarnos cada mañana y continuar con nuestros proyectos. A todas aquellas personas que de una manera u otra participaron en esta tesis, les agradecemos profundamente por estar ahí y por ayudarnos a terminar esta nueva tarea que, aunque ardua fue muy satisfactoria. Sinceramente, muchas gracias. SEROPREVALENCIA DE AC CONTRA T. CRUZI 6 Tabla de Contenido Pág. Introducción .............................................................................................................................. 15 1. Planteamiento del Problema .................................................................................................. 17 2. Justificación .......................................................................................................................... 20 3. Objetivos ............................................................................................................................... 22 3.1 Objetivo General ................................................................................................................. 22 3.2 Objetivos Específicos .......................................................................................................... 22 4. Marco Referencial ................................................................................................................. 23 4.1 Estado del Arte .................................................................................................................... 23 4.2 Marco Teórico ..................................................................................................................... 26 4.2.1 Tripanosomiasis ............................................................................................................... 26 4.2.2 Tripanosomiasis Africana ................................................................................................. 28 4.2.3 Tripanosomiasis Americana (Humanos) ........................................................................... 30 4.2.4 Fase aguda ........................................................................................................................ 32 4.2.5 Fase indeterminada ........................................................................................................... 32 4.2.6 Fase crónica ..................................................................................................................... 33 4.2.7 Aspectos Epidemiológicos ................................................................................................ 33 4.2.7.1 Generalidades e impacto mundial .................................................................................. 33 4.2.7.2 Generalidades e impacto nacional ................................................................................. 34 SEROPREVALENCIA DE AC CONTRA T. CRUZI 7 4.2.8 Trypanosoma cruzi ........................................................................................................... 35 4.2.8.1 estadios evolutivos ......................................................................................................... 35 4.2.8.2 Ciclos de transmisión .................................................................................................... 36 4.2.8.3 Diversidad genética y clasificación deltrypanosoma cruz .............................................. 38 4.2.9 Vías de Transmisión ......................................................................................................... 39 4.2.9.1 Vectorial ........................................................................................................................ 39 4.2.9.2 Vertical.......................................................................................................................... 39 4.2.9.3 Oral ............................................................................................................................... 40 4.2.9.4 Transfusional................................................................................................................. 40 4.2.9.5 Accidental ..................................................................................................................... 40 4.2.10 Vectores ......................................................................................................................... 41 4.2.10.1 Ciclo de vida del vector ............................................................................................... 42 4.2.10.2 Vectores de importancia en Colombia ......................................................................... 43 4.2.11 Hospederos Reservorios Silvestres ................................................................................. 44 4.2.11.1 Génerodidelphis spp .................................................................................................... 44 4.2.11.2 Súper orden xenarthra ................................................................................................. 45 4.2.11.3 Roedores ..................................................................................................................... 46 4.2.12 Hospederos Reservorios Domésticos .............................................................................. 47 4.2.12.1 Perro doméstico (canis lupus familiaris) ...................................................................... 47 SEROPREVALENCIA DE AC CONTRA T. CRUZI 8 4.2.12.1.1 Vías de transmisión................................................................................................... 48 4.2.12.1.2 Fases clínicas y patogenia ........................................................................................ 48 4.3 Diagnóstico ......................................................................................................................... 50 4.3.1 Diagnóstico parasicológico ............................................................................................... 50 4.3.2 Diagnóstico serológico ..................................................................................................... 52 4.4 Tratamiento ......................................................................................................................... 53 4.4.1 Benzimidazol y nifurtimox ............................................................................................... 53 4.4.2 Otros tratamientos tripanocidas......................................................................................... 53 4.4.2.1 Diaceturato de diminaceno ............................................................................................ 54 5. Materiales y Métodos ............................................................................................................ 54 5.1 Diseño del Estudio .............................................................................................................. 55 5.2 Población ............................................................................................................................ 55 5.3 Muestra ..............................................................................................................................
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