Interview with William C. Harrop

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Interview with William C. Harrop Library of Congress Interview with William C. Harrop The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project AMBASSADOR WILLIAM C. HARROP Interviewed by: Charles Stuart Kennedy Initial interview date: August 24, 1993 Copyright 1998 ADST Q: Today is August 24, 1993. This is an interview with William C. Harrop on behalf of the Association for Diplomatic Studies. I am Charles Stuart Kennedy. To begin with, could I get a little bit about when and where were you born and a bit about your family and your education? HARROP: Surely. I was born in Baltimore [MD] on February 19, 1929. My father was a doctor, specializing mostly in research on the faculty of the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine. He moved to E. R. Squibb & Sons in New Brunswick, NJ, when I was 10 years old. I went to Harvard and received an A.B. Q: What field was that in? HARROP: In English literature. Subsequently, after a stint in the Marine Corps during the Korean War, I used the GI Bill to spend a year in graduate work in journalism at the University of Missouri in Columbia, MO. Just as I was completing that — in fact I was within a very short time of obtaining a master's degree in journalism — I was offered an appointment in the Foreign Service and accepted it. I was one of a considerable group of people who were delayed in entering the Foreign Service for a couple of years by Senator Interview with William C. Harrop http://www.loc.gov/item/mfdipbib000482 Library of Congress Joseph McCarthy. This was the group who came in around 1954. We had been held up for two years when McCarthy cut off the funding to hire new Foreign Service Officers. Q: What attracted you toward the Foreign Service? HARROP: You know, that's an interesting question, because I wasn't sure of what I wanted to do. I think that there is a common tendency to have a mix of interest in journalism and diplomacy. This was true in my case. When I left college — I graduated from Harvard in 1950 — the father of a young woman whom I knew was the editor of the “Saturday Evening Post.” He had worked on newspapers all over the country and gave me letters of introduction to about a dozen editors of newspapers in New England: the “Providence Journal,” the “Boston Globe,” the “Hartford Courant,” the “Greenfield Times,” Springfield newspapers, the “New York Times.” I traveled around, interviewing these people, looking for a job on the editorial side, with no luck at all. It was a very bad time to be looking for work on a newspaper. As I was making those visits, I stopped off at Deerfield Academy, in Deerfield, MA, where I had gone to school. Frank Boydon, the great old headmaster who was there at the time, persuaded me, since I was not doing well finding a job in journalism, to come there and teach for a time. So I spent about five months teaching there before going into the Marines. When I left the Marines, the idea of journalism still attracted me, and I went to the School of Journalism at the University of Missouri. While there, I read a book or two about the Foreign Service. I was impressed by repeated stories about how difficult the Foreign Service exam was. I had a kind of, “Oh, yeah?” response to that. When I got out of the service in 1952, I took a “cram” course at George Washington University for 10 or 11 weeks during the summer and then took and passed the Foreign Service exam. Q: This was the three and a half day exam? Interview with William C. Harrop http://www.loc.gov/item/mfdipbib000482 Library of Congress HARROP: Yes, three and a half days. Then the die was cast, without any particular planning or any particular preparation. I had taken no economics courses in college, and economics is extremely important in the Foreign Service. In fact, I didn't take much political science — mostly English literature. In that sense I entered the Foreign Service almost by chance and had a fascinating, 39-year career. Q: Well, you came into the Foreign Service in 1954, just when the McCarthy period was coming to an end. A new trickle of people came into the Foreign Service. Did you have regular classes or how did it work? HARROP: It was interesting. The Department cleverly used a contrivance to bring in a new group of officers. A really fine group of officers came in with me. The Refugee Relief Act was passed in 1953, sponsored by Congressman Emmanuel Celler, then the chairman of the House Judiciary Committee. The ostensible purpose of the legislation was to provide visas for people uprooted from their homes during World War II. The actual purpose was to provide a great many immigrant visa numbers for what was called Fourth Category or Fourth Priority applicants. This would mean, essentially, brothers, sisters, and parents of existing American citizens or permanent resident immigrants. The Department used the money that was appropriated to implement this bill, which was of interest to a lot of congressmen, because of their own constituents' interests, to employ a group of perhaps 40 new FSO's [Foreign Service Officers] who had been waiting on the register since no money had been appropriated for their appointment. Some of these [newly-employed officers] went to Spain, some to Greece, and Eastern Europe, and the majority of them to Italy. The two posts [in Italy] receiving most of these officers were Naples and Palermo. For instance, in Palermo I was with Samuel Gammon, H. Freeman Matthews, and a number of other people who went on to have distinguished careers in the Foreign Service. Nicholas Veliotes and Samuel Lewis were assigned to Naples. We all knew one another at that time and have been good friends ever since. Interview with William C. Harrop http://www.loc.gov/item/mfdipbib000482 Library of Congress Q: Then there was very little training? HARROP: We did not attend the standard A-100 Course [at the Foreign Service Institute]. There was no orientation course for this whole group. Accepting the appointment was a difficult decision for me. I had heard nothing from the Department for months, and was suddenly told over the phone that if I would appear within nine days in Washington I would receive an appointment and would go to Palermo. I was within about two weeks of examinations in graduate school [at the University of Missouri]. I decided to do it. My wife and I were expecting a baby at the time. We packed up and flew back to the East Coast. I left my wife with her parents in the Finger Lakes area of New York and went down to Washington. The baby was born, by good luck, the day before I was to leave for Italy. I spent a matter of hours in Washington, checking in, and left for Palermo. Q: Just as an historical note, the first, organized class [at the FSI] in the post-McCarthy period was in July, 1955, I think. That was class A-1, or whatever. I was in it, and that's why I know. Before that you were sent out as sort of infantry replacements. HARROP: We really were sent out without any briefing or preparation at all and had to make our way overseas. And making our way wasn't easy because the Consulate General in Palermo in 1953 was a post which normally would have had about 12 people, which seems large. Then, with the Refugee Relief Act, it just exploded to almost 100. There were 75 or 80 people assigned, including about eight or nine vice consuls. I remember that Samuel Gammon's in-laws, whose [family] name was Renwick, and my in-laws, whose name was Delavan, happened to take the same boat to visit us in Palermo. One couple said to the other, “Where are you going?” The others said, “Well, we're going to visit our son-in-law who's the American Vice Consul in Palermo.” The first pair took great umbrage at that, replying, “No, our son-in-law is the American Vice-Consul in Palermo.” So there was a large group of us, issuing visas almost entirely to mothers, sisters, and parents of American citizens or holders of green cards [permanent residents of the U. S.]. Interview with William C. Harrop http://www.loc.gov/item/mfdipbib000482 Library of Congress Q: What was the situation in Palermo, as you observed the scene at that time? HARROP: It was just after the era of Salvatore Giuliano. Giuliano was the great, supposedly “Robin Hood” outlaw who came from a nearby town named Partinico. He became a living legend after WWII, idolized and feared. Sicily was a very poor island, indeed, at that time — it still is relatively poor, although “relative” is an important word. One thing I recall is that on visiting the marketplace a few days after arriving we experienced “culture shock.” When we saw great chunks of meat hanging in the open air and covered by flies. Interestingly enough, in later years, when we went to truly under-developed areas of Africa, we never again experienced such a sense of culture shock. We'd been through that in Southern Italy in the 1950s. Sicily is a beautiful island. The wonderful Greek ruins are really some of the finest in the world. I think that it was a blessing to this very compatible group of young Foreign Service Officers, all coming in together, all with young children.
Recommended publications
  • New Report ID
    Number 21 April 2004 BAKER INSTITUTE REPORT NOTES FROM THE JAMES A. BAKER III INSTITUTE FOR PUBLIC POLICY OF RICE UNIVERSITY BAKER INSTITUTE CELEBRATES ITS 10TH ANNIVERSARY Vice President Dick Cheney was man you only encounter a few the keynote speaker at the Baker times in life—what I call a ‘hun- See our special Institute’s 10th anniversary gala, dred-percenter’—a person of which drew nearly 800 guests to ability, judgment, and absolute gala feature with color a black-tie dinner October 17, integrity,” Cheney said in refer- 2003, that raised more than ence to Baker. photos on page 20. $3.2 million for the institute’s “This is a man who was chief programs. Cynthia Allshouse and of staff on day one of the Reagan Rice trustee J. D. Bucky Allshouse years and chief of staff 12 years ing a period of truly momentous co-chaired the anniversary cel- later on the last day of former change,” Cheney added, citing ebration. President Bush’s administra- the fall of the Soviet Union, the Cheney paid tribute to the tion,” Cheney said. “In between, Persian Gulf War, and a crisis in institute’s honorary chair, James he led the treasury department, Panama during Baker’s years at A. Baker, III, and then discussed oversaw two landslide victories in the Department of State. the war on terrorism. presidential politics, and served “There is a certain kind of as the 61st secretary of state dur- continued on page 24 NIGERIAN PRESIDENT REFLECTS ON CHALLENGES FACING HIS NATION President Olusegun Obasanjo of the Republic of Nigeria observed that Africa, as a whole, has been “unstable for too long” during a November 5, 2003, presentation at the Baker Institute.
    [Show full text]
  • The Foreign Service Journal, February 1958
    FEBRUARY 1958 The AMERICAN FOREIQN SERVICE PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION Copies of the Protective Association booklet “Croup Insurance Program—June, 1957” are available at: Protective Association office, 1908 C Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. Foreign Service Lounge, 513, 801 - 19.h Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. Foreign Service Institute, Jefferson-Tyler Bldg., 1018 Wilson Blvd., Arlington, Va. Administrative Offices at foreign posts. This group insurance program may meet your needs. It is worth your study. The Protec¬ tive Association plan is one of the most liberal of such plans in the United States. Members are receiving benefits in various claims at a present rate of more than two hundred thousand dollars annually. The plan: Provides a valuable estate for your dependents in the event of your death. Protects you and your eligible dependents against medical and surgical expenses that might be a serious drain on your finances. Includes accidental death and dismemberment insurance. Entitles members and their eligible dependents to over-age-65 insurance, under the pertinent rules and regulations of the Protective Association. Personnel eligible to participate in the plan are: Foreign Service Officers, Department of State. Foreign Service Staff, Department of State. Foreign Service Reserve Officers, Department of State, when on active service. Permanent American employees of the Foreign Service of the Department of State. ICA (Department of State) Officers, when on active service abroad. ♦ Address applications and inquiries to: THE AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION c/o Department of State, Washington 25, D.C., or 1908 G Street, N.W., Washington 6, D.C. Whew—Fait Accompli! WE'VE MOVED TO OUR NEW BUILDING (WITH PARKING LOT) 600 S.
    [Show full text]
  • 6086 AR Cover R1:17.310 MFAH AR 2015-16 Cover.Rd4.Qxd
    μ˙ The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston annual report 2015–2016 MFAH BY THE NUMBERS July 1, 2015–June 30, 2016 • 900,595 visits to the Museum, the Lillie and Hugh Roy Tuition Attendance Revenue $3.2 Other Cullen Sculpture Garden, Bayou Bend Collection and $2.1 5% 3% $7.1 Gardens, Rienzi, and the Glassell School of Art 11% Membership Revenue $2.9 • 112,000 visitors and students reached through learning 5% and interpretation programs on-site and off-site FY 2016 • 37,521 youth visitors ages 18 and under received free Operating Operating Revenues Endowment or discounted access to the MFAH Fund-raising (million) Spending $14.2 $34.0 22% 54% • 42,865 schoolchildren and their chaperones received free tours of the MFAH • 1,020 community engagement programs were presented Total Revenues: $63.5 million • 100 community partners citywide collaborated with the MFAH Exhibitions, Curatorial, and Collections $12.5 Auxiliary • 2,282,725 visits recorded at mfah.org 20% Activities $3.2 5% • 119,465 visits recorded at the new online collections Fund-raising $4.9 module 8% • 197,985 people followed the MFAH on Facebook, FY 2016 Education, Instagram, and Twitter Operating Expenses Libraries, (million) and Visitor Engagment $12.7 • 266,580 unique visitors accessed the Documents 21% of 20th-Century Latin American and Latino Art Website, icaadocs.mfah.org Management Buildings and Grounds and General $13.1 and Security $15.6 21% • 69,373 visitors attended Sculpted in Steel: Art Deco 25% Automobiles and Motorcycles, 1929–1940 Total Expenses: $62 million • 26,434 member
    [Show full text]
  • EXTENSIONS of REMARKS April 13, 1989 EXTENSIONS of REMARKS Yielding to Extraordinary Economic Pres­ Angola
    6628 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 13, 1989 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Yielding to extraordinary economic pres­ Angola. Already cut off from South African TESTIMONY OF HOWARD sures from the U.S. government, South aid, which had helped stave off well funded PHILLIPS Africa agreed to a formula wherein the anti­ invasion-scale Soviet-led assaults during communist black majority Transitional 1986 and 1987, UNITA has been deprived by HON. DAN BURTON Government of National Unity, which had the Crocker accords of important logistical been administering Namibia since 1985, supply routes through Namibia, which ad­ OF INDIANA would give way to a process by which a new joins liberated southeastern Angola. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES government would be installed under United If, in addition, a SWAPO regime were to Thursday, April 13, 1989 Nations auspices. use Namibia's Caprivi Strip as a base for South Africa also agreed to withdraw its anti-UNITA Communist forces, UNITA's Mr. BURTON of Indiana. Mr. Speaker, I estimated 40,000 military personnel from ability to safeguard those now resident in would like to enter a statement by Mr. Howard Namibia, with all but 1,500 gone by June 24, the liberated areas would be in grave ques­ Phillips of the Conservative Caucus into the to dismantle the 35,000-member, predomi­ tion. RECORD. In view of recent events in Namibia, nantly black, South West African Territori­ America has strategic interests in south­ al Force, and to permit the introduction of ern Africa. The mineral resources concen­ I think it is very important for all of us who are 6,150 U.N.
    [Show full text]
  • The Inventory of the Faith R. Whittlesey Collection #1173
    The Inventory of the Faith R. Whittlesey Collection #1173 Howard Gotlieb Archival Research Center Whittlesey, Faith #1173 4/3/1989 Preliminary Listing I. Subject Files. Box 1 A. “Before You Leave.” [F. 1] B. “China Trip.” [F. 2-3] II. Financial Materials. A. General; includes checks and bank statements . [F. 4] III. Correspondence. A. General,1984-1985; notables include: [F. 5] 1. Reagan, Ronald. TLS, 10/18/83. IV. Printed Materials. A. General; includes magazines, newspaper clippings. [F. 6-7] V. Notebooks. A. 2 items, n.d. [F. 8] VI. Photographs. A. 181 color, 48 black and white prints. [F. 9, E. 1-3] VII. Personal Memorabilia. A. General; includes hats; hot pads; driver’s license; plate decoration. [F. 10] VIII. Audio Materials. A. 2 cassettes tapes. [F. 11] Whittlesey, Faith #1173 4/3/89- 5/21/03 Preliminary Listing I. Manuscripts. Box 2 A. General re: speeches,1985. [F. 1-4] II. Correspondence. A. General, ALS, TLS, TL, ANS, telegrams, greeting cards, 1984-1986; notables include: 1. Reagan, Ronald. Carbon copy to Jon Waldarf, 11/5/86. [F. 5] 2. Murdoch, Rupert. TLS to FW, 12/24/85. 3. O’Conner, Sandra Day. TLS to FW, 6/4/85. B. “Swiss,” file. C. General, 1984-1987. [F. 6-8] III. Professional Materials. A. Files 1. “Information.” [F. 9] 2. “Ambassador Whittlesey 1602.” [F. 10] 3. “Thursday, Dec. 12.” 4. “The Ambassador’s Schedule.” 5. “Pres. Visit Nov. 1985 Take to Geneva.” 6. “Untitled re: Brefig Book.” 7. “1984-1986.” [F. 11-14] IV. Printed Materials. A. General, 1985-1986.
    [Show full text]
  • Islam - Washington's New Dilemma :: Middle East Quarterly
    Islam - Washington's New Dilemma :: Middle East Quarterly http://www.meforum.org/289/islam-washingtons-new-dilemma Islam - Washington's New Dilemma by Benjamin Gordon Middle East Quarterly March 1996, pp. 43-52 http://www.meforum.org/289/islam-washingtons-new-dilemma Benjamin Gordon is a consultant at Corporate Decisions, Inc., Boston, and a recent graduate of Yale College. Does the U.S. government have a coherent policy toward fundamentalist Islam? Fundamentalists themselves are convinced not only that Washington has a policy but that it is a consistent and aggressive one. Iran's former ambassador to the United Nations, Said Raja'i Khourasani, asserts that the American position "has not changed" over the years: "The language is always the same -- it is threatened or it is threatening."1 On the other side, scholars and diplomats tend to see incoherence in policy toward fundamentalists as they do about foreign policy in general. Richard Haass speaks for many when he holds that "public statements by administration officials about the purposes of U.S. foreign policy have been inconsistent or simply ambiguous.2 In fact, neither side is entirely correct. While there has been a coherent policy, it has changed over time. Since 1979, when Iranian fundamentalist Muslims overthrew Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi and stormed the U.S. embassy in Tehran, Washington has undergone a series of subtle shifts in its policy toward fundamentalist Islam. From Presidents Reagan to Bush to Clinton, the U.S. government has migrated from rhetorical confrontation to timid outreach to outright accommodation. The following analysis focuses on official U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • The Syrian-Israeli Peace Process and the United States from Hope To
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Ghent University Academic Bibliography FACULTEIT POLITIEKE EN SOCIALE WETENSCHAPPEN VAKGROEP STUDIE VAN DE DERDE WERELD The Syrian-Israeli Peace Process and The United States From Hope to Impasse 1991-2000 Ahmad Soltani Nejad June 2004 Dissertation submitted for the degree of doctoral in political Science Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Ruddy Doom 2 Table of contents Acknowledgements 3 Maps 4 1. Introduction 7 2. Theoretical Framework 21 3. U.S.-Syrian relations 41 4. The Madrid Peace Conference 67 5. The Oslo Peace Process 90 6. Slow Progress After Oslo Accords (1993-1994) 108 7. Progress on the Syrian-Israeli track (1994- 1996) 124 8. Deadlock in the Syrian-Israeli negotiations (1996- 1999) 138 9. Shepherdstown Talks (January 2000) 155 10. Syrian perspectives on the main issues of the peace process 173 11. Conclusions 193 Documents 211 Bibliography 214 3 Acknowledgements I am greatly indebted to several people and institutions for their assistance in the formation and completion of this study. I am grateful to my supervisor Prof. Ruddy Doom who has always been helpful throughout the conduct of this research. With his generous support I was able to come to the University of Ghent and later on pursue my research at the University of Arizona as an Exchange Visiting Scholar. The Center for Middle Eastern Studies there provided the opportunity for me to pursue my research with specialists at the University and to access the resources that I needed to conduct this research. I am grateful particularly to Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • Readings in European Security Full Text
    READINGS IN EUROPEAN SECURITY READINGS IN EUROPEAN SECURITY VOLUME I WORKING PAPERS OF THE CEPS-IISS EUROPEAN SECURITY FORUM NOS. 1-9 FRANÇOIS HEISBOURG, CHAIRMAN MARC HOUBEN, KLAUS BECHER & MICHAEL EMERSON, EDITORS CENTRE FOR EUROPEAN POLICY STUDIES BRUSSELS INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR SECURITY STUDIES LONDON CEPS and IISS gratefully acknowledge financial support received for the European Security Forum from the Boeing Corporation, Compagnia di San Paolo, the German Marshall Fund of the United States, Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Company, NATO and SAAB. ISBN 92-9079-407-0 © Copyright 2002, Centre for European Policy Studies & International Institute for Security Studies. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise – without the prior permission of the Centre for European Policy Studies or the International Institute for Security Studies. Centre for European Policy Studies International Institute for Strategic Studies Place du Congrès 1 Arundel House 1000 Brussels, Belgium 13-15 Arundel Street, Temple Place Tel: 32 (0) 2 229.39.11 London WC2R 3DX, United Kingdom Fax: 32 (0) 2 219.41.51 Tel: 44 (0) 20 7379 7676 E-mail: [email protected] Fax: 44 (0) 20 7836 3108 Website: http://www.ceps.be E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.iiss.org READINGS IN EUROPEAN SECURITY VOLUME I WORKING PAPERS OF THE CEPS-IISS EUROPEAN SECURITY FORUM CONTRIBUTORS DANA H. ALLIN ALEXEI G. ARBATOV NADIA ALEXANDROVA ARBATOVA VLADIMIR BARANOVSKY KLAUS BECHER ANTHONY H. CORDESMAN IVO H. DAALDER DMITRY DANILOV MARTA DASSÙ ALAIN DIECKHOFF EDWARD P.
    [Show full text]
  • A U.S. Visa for an Islamic Extremist? | the Washington Institute
    MENU Policy Analysis / PolicyWatch 121 A U.S. Visa for an Islamic Extremist? by Martin Kramer Jun 30, 1994 ABOUT THE AUTHORS Martin Kramer Martin Kramer is The Washington Institute's Walter P. Stern Fellow and author of one of its most widely read monographs, Ivory Towers on Sand: The Failure of Middle Eastern Studies in America. Brief Analysis or nearly a year, Sheikh Rashid Ghanoushi has been seeking an American visa. Ghanoushi, the most F prominent Islamist in the West, is the leader of Al-Nahda (The Revival), Tunisia's major Islamist grouping. Al- Nahda is now banned in Tunisia, and Ghanoushi resides in Britain. He would like to visit the United States this summer, where he hopes to address religious and academic audiences. Until now, the U.S. government has denied him entry, because of his political views and the opposition of the Tunisian government. But Ghanoushi's visa application is currently under active review. Last week, Tunisia apparently indicated it would regard a U.S. decision to admit Ghanoushi as "a hostile act." Still, there are some who believe Ghanoushi's visit to the United States would send a positive signal to "moderate" Islamists everywhere, and provide an opening for a dialogue with them. But is Ghanoushi a "moderate?" In the past, Ghanoushi has urged violence against U.S. interests, and he continues to demand Israel's destruction. Might an American visit send precisely the wrong signal? Who Is Rashid Ghanoushi? Rashid Ghanoushi was born in 1941 in the south of Tunisia. As a student in Damascus and Paris, he embraced the doctrines of the Muslim Brotherhood, which he disseminated on his return to Tunisia.
    [Show full text]
  • MIDDLE EAST WATCH OVERVIEW Human Rights Developments The
    MIDDLE EAST WATCH OVERVIEW Human Rights Developments The Middle East and North Africa remain plagued by severe human rights problems. The torture of political detainees is commonplace, and often routine. Extrajudicial executions and executions after trials lacking in due process take place with regularity in Iraq, Iran and, to a lesser extent, Saudi Arabia. In the past, the Syrian authorities have been guilty of this abuse as well. Arguably, the killing of suspected militants in Egypt and the Israeli-occupied territories, when arrests could have been effectedCa feature of the civil strife plaguing both regionsCalso constitute extrajudicial executions by government agents. In counterpoint, armed underground groups often assassinate suspected opponents in these regions, as well as in Algeria. The officially sanctioned persecution of religious or ethnic minorities, or the absence of government protection in the face of attacks by members of the majority community, is an endemic problem in parts of the Middle East. For instance, during 1992, Palestinians and Bedoon residents of Kuwait endured unrelenting pressures aimed at forcing them out of the country; Baha'is and evangelical Christians faced renewed persecution in Iran. The arbitrary detention of government opponents is also rampant throughout the region. From Morocco to Iran, tens of thousands are in jail on politically motivated grounds; even the Kurdish authorities, ruling over an autonomous enclave of some 3.5 million people in northern Iraq, resorted in late 1992 to the detention without charge of hundreds of sympathizers of militant parties. The end of the Cold War and subsequent collapse of the Soviet Union transformed prospects for the promotion of human rights in the Middle East and North Africa (the Maghreb states).
    [Show full text]
  • Weld Nailed for Coverup of Bush-Contra Drug Ties
    Click here for Full Issue of EIR Volume 23, Number 43, October 25, 1996 �[(rnNational Weld nailed for coverup of Bush-Contra drug ties by Anton Chaitkin Sen. John Kerry CD-Mass.) has called for an independent in­ GovernorWeld, then in the Criminal Division-come to my vestigation into whether, as part of the "Contra" intrigues, office, and I gave him all of the information. I gave it to governmentagencies were involved in bringing drugs to mi­ the Justice Department, that the CIA knew, the DEA [Drug nority communities. Kerry said on Oct. 14 that the Justice Enforcement Administration] knew, high government offi­ Department ignored the evidence to that effect that he had cials in the State Department, and, in the White House knew, delivered in the late 1980s. About Republican Gov. William that CIA personnel were involved in trafficking drugs.. .. F. Weld, who is now running against Kerry for the U.S. Sen- . They did nothing, and, unfortunately, that report has lingered ate, Kerry said, "I personally delivered all of that information for years.'; to the Justice Department in Washington in 1986 during the time Bill Weld was at the Justice Department, and the Justice The Weld-Bush family web Department, frankly, did zippo." EIR reported last week that William Weld, as head of the The day after Kerry's challenge, Weld panicked when the Justice Department's Criminal Division, acted as the point very first question of a televised Kerry-Weld debate was put for obstruction of justice against Senator Kerry's and others' to the governor: "In a recent article published in the San Jose investigations of the Iran-Contra operations during .1986-87.
    [Show full text]
  • Camp David's Shadow
    Camp David’s Shadow: The United States, Israel, and the Palestinian Question, 1977-1993 Seth Anziska Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2015 © 2015 Seth Anziska All rights reserved ABSTRACT Camp David’s Shadow: The United States, Israel, and the Palestinian Question, 1977-1993 Seth Anziska This dissertation examines the emergence of the 1978 Camp David Accords and the consequences for Israel, the Palestinians, and the wider Middle East. Utilizing archival sources and oral history interviews from across Israel, Palestine, Lebanon, the United States, and the United Kingdom, Camp David’s Shadow recasts the early history of the peace process. It explains how a comprehensive settlement to the Arab-Israeli conflict with provisions for a resolution of the Palestinian question gave way to the facilitation of bilateral peace between Egypt and Israel. As recently declassified sources reveal, the completion of the Camp David Accords—via intensive American efforts— actually enabled Israeli expansion across the Green Line, undermining the possibility of Palestinian sovereignty in the occupied territories. By examining how both the concept and diplomatic practice of autonomy were utilized to address the Palestinian question, and the implications of the subsequent Israeli and U.S. military intervention in Lebanon, the dissertation explains how and why the Camp David process and its aftermath adversely shaped the prospects of a negotiated settlement between Israelis and Palestinians in the 1990s. In linking the developments of the late 1970s and 1980s with the Madrid Conference and Oslo Accords in the decade that followed, the dissertation charts the role played by American, Middle Eastern, international, and domestic actors in curtailing the possibility of Palestinian self-determination.
    [Show full text]