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Weapons of Mass Destruction, Terrorism, Human Rights and the Future of U.S.-Libyan Relations

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WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION, TERRORISM, HUMAN RIGHTS AND THE FUTURE OF U.S.-LIBYAN RELATIONS HEARING BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED EIGHTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION MARCH 10, 2004 Serial No. 108–112 Printed for the use of the Committee on International Relations ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.house.gov/international—relations U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 92–498PDF WASHINGTON : 2004 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2250 Mail: Stop SSOP, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate Mar 21 2002 11:06 Aug 02, 2004 Jkt 092498 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 F:\WORK\FULL\031004AM\92498.000 HINTREL1 PsN: SHIRL COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS HENRY J. HYDE, Illinois, Chairman JAMES A. LEACH, Iowa TOM LANTOS, California DOUG BEREUTER, Nebraska HOWARD L. BERMAN, California CHRISTOPHER H. SMITH, New Jersey, GARY L. ACKERMAN, New York Vice Chairman ENI F.H. FALEOMAVAEGA, American DAN BURTON, Indiana Samoa ELTON GALLEGLY, California DONALD M. PAYNE, New Jersey ILEANA ROS-LEHTINEN, Florida ROBERT MENENDEZ, New Jersey CASS BALLENGER, North Carolina SHERROD BROWN, Ohio DANA ROHRABACHER, California BRAD SHERMAN, California EDWARD R. ROYCE, California ROBERT WEXLER, Florida PETER T. KING, New York ELIOT L. ENGEL, New York STEVE CHABOT, Ohio WILLIAM D. DELAHUNT, Massachusetts AMO HOUGHTON, New York GREGORY W. MEEKS, New York JOHN M. MCHUGH, New York BARBARA LEE, California ROY BLUNT, Missouri JOSEPH CROWLEY, New York THOMAS G. TANCREDO, Colorado JOSEPH M. HOEFFEL, Pennsylvania RON PAUL, Texas EARL BLUMENAUER, Oregon NICK SMITH, Michigan SHELLEY BERKLEY, Nevada JOSEPH R. PITTS, Pennsylvania GRACE F. NAPOLITANO, California JEFF FLAKE, Arizona ADAM B. SCHIFF, California JO ANN DAVIS, Virginia DIANE E. WATSON, California MARK GREEN, Wisconsin ADAM SMITH, Washington JERRY WELLER, Illinois BETTY MCCOLLUM, Minnesota MIKE PENCE, Indiana CHRIS BELL, Texas THADDEUS G. MCCOTTER, Michigan KATHERINE HARRIS, Florida THOMAS E. MOONEY, SR., Staff Director/General Counsel ROBERT R. KING, Democratic Staff Director JOAN O. CONDON, Professional Staff Member MARILYN C. OWEN, Senior Staff Associate (II) VerDate Mar 21 2002 11:06 Aug 02, 2004 Jkt 092498 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 F:\WORK\FULL\031004AM\92498.000 HINTREL1 PsN: SHIRL C O N T E N T S Page WITNESSES The Honorable William J. Burns, Assistant Secretary, Bureau of Near East- ern Affairs, U.S. Department of State ................................................................ 10 The Honorable Paula A. DeSutter, Assistant Secretary, Bureau of Verification and Compliance, U.S. Department of State ....................................................... 14 Patrick Clawson, Ph.D., Deputy Director, Washington Institute for Near East Policy ..................................................................................................................... 25 Ray Takeyh, Ph.D., Professor of National Security Studies and Director of Studies, Near East and South Asia Center, National Defense University ..... 29 Krista Riddley, Advocacy Director for the Middle East and North Africa, Amnesty International ......................................................................................... 34 LETTERS, STATEMENTS, ETC., SUBMITTED FOR THE HEARING The Honorable Henry J. Hyde, a Representative in Congress from the State of Illinois, and Chairman, Committee on International Relations: Prepared statement .............................................................................................................. 2 The Honorable Nick Smith, a Representative in Congress from the State of Michigan: Prepared statement ........................................................................ 9 The Honorable William J. Burns: Prepared statement ........................................ 12 The Honorable Paula A. DeSutter: Prepared statement ...................................... 19 Patrick Clawson, Ph.D.: Prepared statement ........................................................ 27 Ray Takeyh, Ph.D.: Prepared statement ............................................................... 31 Krista Riddley: Prepared statement ...................................................................... 36 APPENDIX The Honorable John Conyers, Jr., a Representative in Congress from the State of Michigan: Prepared statement .............................................................. 55 Family members of victims of Pan Am Flight 103: Prepared statements Joan L. Dater, mother of Gretchen Joyce Dater ................................................ 56 John and Barbara Zwynenburg, parents of Mark Zwynenburg ....................... 56 Kathleen and Jack Flynn, parents of John Patrick Flynn ............................... 57 Thomas Coker, parent of 20 year-old twin Sons ............................................... 58 Kara M. Weipz, President, and Glenn P. Johnson, Jr., Chairman, Victims of Pan Am Flight 103, Inc.: Prepared statement ............................................... 58 A. Omar Turbi, Libyan American Relations Analyst: Prepared statement ........ 59 Responses from the Department of State to questions asked by the Honorable Barbara Lee, a Representative in Congress from the State of California ....... 60 Response from the Department of State to question asked by the Honorable Howard L. Berman, a Representative in Congress from the State of Cali- fornia ..................................................................................................................... 61 The Honorable Barbara Lee: Article submitted for the record from The Wash- ington Post entitled ‘‘My Secret Talks with Libya, and Why They Went Nowhere,’’ by Gary Hart, January 18, 2004 ...................................................... 62 (III) VerDate Mar 21 2002 11:06 Aug 02, 2004 Jkt 092498 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 F:\WORK\FULL\031004AM\92498.000 HINTREL1 PsN: SHIRL VerDate Mar 21 2002 11:06 Aug 02, 2004 Jkt 092498 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 F:\WORK\FULL\031004AM\92498.000 HINTREL1 PsN: SHIRL WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION, TERRORISM, HUMAN RIGHTS AND THE FUTURE OF U.S.-LIBYAN RELATIONS WEDNESDAY, MARCH 10, 2004 HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, Washington, DC. The Committee met, pursuant to call, at 11:02 a.m. in Room 2172, Rayburn House Office Building, Hon. Henry Hyde (Chairman of the Committee) presiding. Chairman HYDE. The Committee will come to order. This morning the Committee convenes to discuss weapons of mass destruction, terrorism, human rights and the future of U.S.- Libyan relations. On December 19, 2003, Libya’s leader took a bold and historic step in voluntarily agreeing to end his nuclear and chemical weapons programs and to permit on-site inspections by the International Atomic Energy Agency and the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons. The United States is now working in close partnership with these agencies and the United Kingdom to help the government of Libya carry out these commit- ments. Supported by large majorities in this Congress, the policies of the President pertaining to Afghanistan, Iraq and elsewhere have sent the strongest possible message: America and her allies will respond decisively to terrorism and threats to our people and our way of live. Libya’s recent efforts to shed its pariah status and to turn over its weapons of mass destruction programs is the first sign that our message is being heard. It now is our hope that Libya’s turn- about will resonate with other rogue nations and terrorist states, who see our fierce determination and are desperate to get out of the way. As British Prime Minister Tony Blair has noted: ‘‘Terrorism and the proliferation of weapons of mass destruc- tion are two sides of the same coin.’’ By turning over its WMD capability Libya is helping us win the war on terrorism. To this end, and together with the United King- dom and other like-minded states, the United States is forging new proliferation strategies and taking the preemptive measures need- ed to shut down the clandestine networks that supply these groups with weapons of mass destruction and the means to deliver them. Clearly the world will be a safer place once Libya’s commitments have been fulfilled and other nations will realize, as did Col. Gadhafi, that these weapons bring little in the way of security or (1) VerDate Mar 21 2002 11:06 Aug 02, 2004 Jkt 092498 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 6633 Sfmt 6633 F:\WORK\FULL\031004AM\92498.000 HINTREL1 PsN: SHIRL 2 international prestige. The challenge now is to ensure that he makes good on his promises and that we can respond accordingly, so that other natures can see the benefits of change. President Bush declared on December 19, 2003: ‘‘Leaders who abandon the pursuit of chemical, biological and nuclear weapons and the means to deliver them will find an open path to better relations with the United States and other free nations.’’ This policy is necessary and appropriate. However, we must tread carefully. Despite the progress made on weapons of mass destruction, there continue to be serious concerns about the closed nature of the Libyan government and the lack of respect for human rights and rule of law. Furthermore, we cannot overlook Gadhafi’s previous meddling in Africa and the Middle East, and his close association with thugs like Liberia’s Charles Taylor and Zimbabwe’s Robert Mugabe. We cannot forget
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