DOCSLIB.ORG

State Visit of President Cevdet Sunay to Britain (1-8 November 1967)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
State Visit of President Cevdet Sunay to Britain (1-8 November 1967) Ankara Üniversitesi Türk İnkılâp Tarihi Enstitüsü Atatürk Yolu Dergisi S. 58, Bahar 2016, s. 303-316 Makalenin geliş ve kabul tarihleri: 21.01.2016 – 25.04.2016 STATE VISIT OF PRESIDENT CEVDET SUNAY TO BRITAIN (1-8 NOVEMBER 1967) Behçet Kemal YEŞİLBURSA ABSTRACT The State visit of the President of the Republic of Turkey to the United Kingdom took place from the 1st to the 8th of November, 1967. The President was accompanied by an official suite of 16, including the Minister of Foreign Affairs and his wife, three politicians from three different Turkish political parties, including one who was a former Ambassador in London and Minister of Foreign Affairs, and one who was a former Minister of Reconstruction, officials from the Foreign Ministry and the Presidential Office, and the Major-General commanding the War College. The purpose of the Turkish President’s visit was to demonstrate Britain’s interest in Turkey as an ally and an economically developing country in the process of democratisation. The Turks recognised the mainly symbolic nature of the visit, but for a number of reasons were somewhat apprehensive beforehand. The visit was, however, successful and the Turkish delegate was impressed by the hospitality of their hosts. The Turks were pleased to engage in political discussions of substance. The Turkish Press gave the British positive coverage, and the British Government hoped that some impact would be made on the Turkish people as a whole. The visit certainly made an impact on the President and his suite, who were impressed by the excellent planning and the traditional splendour. However, what surprised and pleased the Turks most of all was the ease of the relationships which they formed. They returned with a lot to think over, and the British Ambassador believed that the visit would help Anglo-Turkish relations. Keywords: Cevdet Sunay, Turkey, Britain, Turkish Foreign Policy Prof. Dr., Uludağ Üniversitesi, Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Tarih Bölümü. E-posta: [email protected] 304 BEHÇET KEMAL YEŞİLBURSA CUMHURBAŞKANI CEVDET SUNAY’IN İNGİLTERE ZİYARETİ (1-8 KASIM 1967) ÖZ Türk-İngiliz ilişkileri her iki taraf için tarihin bütün dönemlerinde çok önemli olmuştur. Yine Türk-İngiliz ilişkileri tarihin derinliklerinde diğer ülkelerin aksine, genellikle ya çok iyi ya da çok kötü dönemler geçirmiştir. Özellikle, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti açısından Atatürk döneminde Türkiye ile o dönemde dünyanın en güçlü ülkelerinden birisi olan Birleşik Krallık ile ilişkileri büyük önem arz etmiştir. Dolayısıyla Türkiye’nin İngiltere ile ilişkileri diğer ülkelerle olan ilişkilerinden farklılıklar içermiştir. Türkiye’nin İngiltere ile ilişkileri hiçbir ülkeyle bu denli olumlu veya olumsuz kutupların uç noktalarında buluşmamıştır. Soğuk Savaş döneminde ise iki ülke arasındaki ilişkiler bu tarihi süreçteki olumlu dönemlerden birini oluşturmuştur. Bu dönemde üst düzeyde (devlet başkanları düzeyinde) karşılıklı ziyaretler gerçekleşmiştir. Cumhurbaşkanı Cevdet Sunay’ın ziyareti de bunlardan sadece biridir. 1-8 Kasım 1967’de Cumhurbaşkanı Cevdet Sunay İngiltere’ye resmi bir ziyarette bulundu. Cumhurbaşkanına eşi Atıfet hanımın yanı sıra dışişleri bakanı, harp okulu komutanı ile siyasi partilerden, dışişleri bakanlığından ve cumhurbaşkanlığından 16 kişilik bir heyet eşlik etti. Ziyaretin amacı, İngiltere’nin Türkiye’ye olan ilgisini göstermekti. Türk heyeti ziyaretin sembolik olduğunu biliyordu. Türk heyeti gösterilen misafirperverlikten oldukça etkilendi. Ayrıca Türk heyeti İngiliz mevkidaşlarıyla siyasi konularda konuşma fırsatı buldukları için de mutlu oldu. Ziyaret süresince bazı Türk gazetelerinin İngiltere hakkında olumlu haberler yapması da İngiliz yetkilileri mutlu etti. İngiliz yetkililer bu haberlerin Türk halkını İngiltere hakkında olumlu yönde etkileyeceğini düşündü. Zira ziyaret Cumhurbaşkanı ve mahiyetini oldukça etkiledi. Ayrıca bu ziyaret Türk-İngiliz ilişkilerini olumlu yönde de etkiledi. Sonuç olarak ziyaret gayet başarılı olmuştu. Anahtar Kelimeler: Cevdet Sunay, Türkiye, İngiltere, Türk Dış Politikası 1. Purpose of the visit The State visit of the President of the Republic of Turkey to the United Kingdom took place from the 1st to the 8th of November, 1967.1 The President was accompanied by an official suite of 16, including the Minister of Foreign Affairs and his wife, three politicians from three different Turkish political parties, including one who was a former Ambassador in London and Minister of Foreign Affairs, and one who was a former Minister of 1 Milliyet, 1 Kasım 1967. For short biography of Cevdet Sunay see Selçuk Duman, Türklerde Devlet Başkanlığı, Başkanlık Tartışmaları ve Cumhurbaşkanlarımız, Berikan Yayınevi, Ankara 2011, pp. 263-275. STATE VISIT OF PRESIDENT CEVDET SUNAY TO BRITAIN 305 Reconstruction, officials from the Foreign Ministry and the Presidential Office, and the Major-General commanding the War College. Nearly half of the group including the President himself and his wife, Atıfet, spoke little or no English, although a few of these understood something or spoke a little French. Thus the language barrier was significant obstacle.2 State visits were common currency in Turkey. If all had gone according to plan, President Sunay would that year have made five, and he would have received four. There had been some criticism in the Opposition Press not only of the visits abroad made by the President but also of those made by the Prime Minister. Such criticism had been partly on the ground of the expense of these visits, and partly on the ground that the visitors would have been better employed at home. Nevertheless, there were signs that the Turkish Press and public had been flattered by some of these foreign trips and the ones with which the State visit to the United Kingdom was most likely to provoke comparison were those to President Johnson and President de Gaulle. The almost “morbidly sensitive” Turkish Press had, on each occasion, been on the lookout to see whether it could detect that Turkey had been in any way slighted, in the person of the President, by being accorded less than the highest possible honours. In this connection, the visit of the Ecumenical Patriarch to the Archbishop of Canterbury very shortly after the State visit aroused fears in the Turkish Government that comparisons might be made between the two visits. Fortunately, as it unfolded, the Patriarch's visit passed off relatively unnoticed by the Turkish Press.3 The purpose of President Sunay’s visit was primarily to demonstrate the British Government’s interest in Turkey as an ally and as a power of great and growing importance on the eastern flank of Europe. It was, as was pointed out at intervals during the visit by the Turkish Press, exactly a 100 years since the last occasion when a Turkish Head of State visited Britain4; and the Turks appreciated that a visit by the President to Her Majesty the Queen was intended as a gesture of goodwill, symbolic of the good relations between the two countries, rather than as an occasion for deep political discussions. At the same time, Turkey’s importance to Britain on account of its geographical position and potentialities as a market for British exports made the visit timely. The fact that Turkey was a developing country in whose success Britain had a considerable stake, and which could serve as a 2 PREM13/1884, “State Visit of President Sunay to Britain”, from Sir Roger Allen to Mr. Brown, 7 December 1967. FCO9/614, Turkey: Annual Review for 1967, from Sir Roger Allen to Mr. Brown, 5 January 1968. Milliyet, 1 Kasım 1967. Cumhuriyet, 1 Kasım 1967. 3 PREM13/1884. FCO9/614. Milliyet, 2 Kasım 1967. Cumhuriyet, 2 Kasım 1967. 4 In 1867, Sultan Abdulaziz visited Britain. 306 BEHÇET KEMAL YEŞİLBURSA model for other countries in somewhat similar positions, justified an economic interest in its future; and its interest in Cyprus, in which Britain also still admitted an interest, formed a political link between Britain and Turkey from which events had shown how impossible it was to escape. Finally, Turkey’s democratisation efforts in recent years (1960s) also seem to warrant recognition by Britain.5 Before the Turkish delegation’s departure and immediately on its arrival, some slight signs of strain were noticeable. Not only was there the consciousness of the domestic Press “ready to snipe”, if given the chance, but also there was a slight concern that their British hosts might prove a little difficult and demanding. As the British Ambassador stressed, “the detail with which the programme for the visit had been organised in advance and the efforts to secure particulars as far ahead as possible were alien to oriental ways of doing things. The fear, which other nations often seem to have, that Britain is the home of a protocol which is so rigid as to be sometimes almost incomprehensible, and so chilling as to give the impression that the visitors are not really welcome”, was always Turkish minds. They were probably also conscious of the language barrier mentioned earlier, and of the “rather disparate elements” of the delegation. In addition, and quite apart from the special circumstances, “the Turks are a proud and sensitive people, more ready than most to take offence”.6 The British Ambassador, Roger Allen, had researched this background in some detail because “the contrast between what they half feared and what they actually found helps one to understand why the visit was such a resounding success with the Turkish visitors.” From the moment they arrived, and were met by Her Royal Highness Princess Alexandra and her husband in the pouring rain, they began to feel better. The arrival at Victoria Station impressed them also, because they could see the effort which had been made over their reception; and the carriage procession to Buckingham Palace, although the weather was inclement, was a unique occasion for them and the visitors were pleasantly surprised by the number of people and the Turkish flags to be seen in the streets. However what won over all the visitors was the first luncheon with Her Majesty the Queen and His Royal Highness the Duke of Edinburgh and the Household at Buckingham Palace.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Raymond Hare Interviewer: Dennis O’Brien Date of Interview: September 19, 1969 Place of Interview: Washington, D.C
    Raymond Hare Oral History Interview – JFK #1, 09/19/69 Administrative Information Creator: Raymond Hare Interviewer: Dennis O’Brien Date of Interview: September 19, 1969 Place of Interview: Washington, D.C. Length: 39 pages (no page 17) Biographical Note Hare, Ambassador to Turkey (1961-1965), discusses his time in the Foreign Service, his term as Ambassador of Turkey, and Near East politics during the Kennedy administration, among other issues. Access Open. Usage Restrictions According to the deed of gift signed February 12, 1974, copyright of these materials has been assigned to the United States Government. Users of these materials are advised to determine the copyright status of any document from which they wish to publish. Users of these materials are advised to determine the copyright status of any document from which they wish to publish. Copyright The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. Under certain conditions specified in the law, libraries and archives are authorized to furnish a photocopy or other reproduction. One of these specified conditions is that the photocopy or reproduction is not to be “used for any purpose other than private study, scholarship, or research.” If a user makes a request for, or later uses, a photocopy or reproduction for purposes in excesses of “fair use,” that user may be liable for copyright infringement. This institution reserves the right to refuse to accept a copying order if, in its judgment, fulfillment of the order would involve violation of copyright law. The copyright law extends its protection to unpublished works from the moment of creation in a tangible form.
    [Show full text]
  • Melâhat Gürsel Fenalık Geçirdi
    PERŞEMBE En iyi dikta torya en kötü demokratik idareden daha kötüdür. 15 Cemal Gürsel EYLÜL 1966 GAZETE GÜNLÜK SİYASİ VE İKTİSADİ MÜSTAKİL GAZETE SAYI: 629 FİYATI: 25 KURUŞ HÜKÜMET BİLDİRİSİ 219 g ünden beri ■ ESKİ CUMHURBAŞKANLARINDAN, CUM­ HURİYET SENATOSU TABİÎ ÜYESİ EMEK­ Lİ ORGENERAL CEMAL GÜRSEL BUGÜN, 14 EYLÜL 1966 ÇARŞAMBA SAAT 06.45’DE TEDAVİ EDİLMEKTE OLDUĞU ANKARA komada b GÜLHANE ASKERÎ TIP AKADEMİSİ HAS- TAHANESİNDE VEFAT ETMİŞTİR. DERİN BİR TEESSÜR İLE BİLDİRİR SAYIN GÜR SEL AİLESİNE VE TÜRK MİLLETİNE BAŞ­ SAĞLIĞI DİLERİZ. BU BİLDİRİDEN İTİBAREN BAYRAKLAR YARIYA ÇEKİLECEK VE CENAZE TÖRE­ NİNİN BİTİMİNE KADAR GÖNDERDE KA­ LACAKTIR.» GÜRSEL'! DUN KAYBETTİK Bütün yurtta millî matem ilân edildi. Cemâl Gürsel pazar günü Anıt - Kabre gömülecek ANKARA, (HA) — Eski doktor bekletilen Gürsel’in Cumhurbaşkanı Cemâl Gürsel, durumu, gece yarısından son­ 219 gün derin komada kaldık ra birden ağırlaşmaya başla­ Gürselin! tan sonra, dün sabaha karşı mıştır. Sabitleşen hayatî be­ saat 6-45’de hayata gözlerini lirtiler gitgide zayıflamış, kalb yummuş, bütün yurtta millî ve nabız atışları ile solunum matem ilân edilmiş, bayraklar hastalığı j yarıya indirilmiştir. intizamını kaybetmiştir. Ya­ Gülhane Askerî Tıp Aka­ şama gücünü kaybeden kalb demisi hastanesinde aylardan nihayet, 6,45’i gösterirken dur 25 Kasım! beri yatan ve başında devamlı m uştur. 1960'da i Bayrak yarıya iniyor Gürsel’in başında bekle­ vam edecek, bu süre içinde yen doktorlar durumu önce bayraklar yarıda kalacak, bü­ başladı I hastane idarecilerine bildir­ tün eğlence yerleri faaliyet mişler, daha sonra da ordu e- göstermiyeceklerdir. ANKARA (A.A.) — Ce­ vinde kalan eşi Melâhat Gür- Sadece TBMM’nin bayrağı mal Giirsel’in ilk hastalı­ sel’e, hükümete, Genelkurmay ğı 25 Kasım 1960 tarihinde Türk egemenliğini temsil et­ Başkanlığına haber verilmiş­ tiği için yarıya indirilmemiş- başlamıştı.
    [Show full text]
  • Information to Users
    INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. ProQuest Information and Learning 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA 800-521-0600 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ILL-FATED’ SONS OF THE ‘NATION’: OTTOMAN PRISONERS OF WAR IN RUSSIA AND EGYPT, 1914-1922 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Yucel Yarukdag.
    [Show full text]
  • The History of Military Coups in Turkey 1. Introduction
    International Journal of Social and Economic Sciences Uluslararası Sosyal ve Ekonomik Bilimler Dergisi E-ISSN: 2667-4904, 9(2): 49-56, 2019 The History of Military Coups In Turkey Furkan KAYA Yeditepe University, İstanbul, TURKEY *Corresponding Author Received: November 12, 2019 E-mail: [email protected] Accepted:December 23, 2019 Abstract The history of military coups has a considerable place in Turkish political life. The Janissary revolts in the Ottoman period are accepted as the beginning of the military coup tradition and interventions in Turkish political life. The founder of the Turkish Republic, Gazi Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, took off his military uniform and wore his civilian attire when the War of Independence started. This is because Atatürk believed that real and powerful democracy could only be achieved by civilian governments. However, the military juntas argued that the soldiers were permanent guards of the Republic and had the right to protect the integrity and interests of the country under all circumstances. These are the May 27, 1960 military coup, March 12, 1971 military memorandum, September 12, 1980 military coup, February 28, 1997 Post-Modern coup and the July 15, 2016 military coup attempt. All military coups inevitably destroyed the Turkish democracy. In fact, in every military coup, traces of foreign powers, the US being in the first place, can be seen. That’s why this study aims to enlighten the history of coups in Turkey in order to prevent possible future military coup attempts in Turkey. During this study, important newspapers and magazines, as well as archival documents, books, and articles were benefited from.
    [Show full text]
  • Documents, Articles and Information on Rumania: Interview Granted by President Nicolae Ceausescu to Turkish Journalists Joint Ro
    document!, articles and information on" ROMANIA ROMANIAN Jn e w s I A G E N C V I April 1970 Ho. 10 INTERVIEW GRANTED BT PRESIDENT NICOLAE CEAUSESCU TO TURKISH JOURNALISTS JOINT ROMAHIAH-TURKISH COMMUNIQUE HX 632 A1 W9 no,650 s u p p 'i T The Romanian News Agency . iRlQ;ES‘'. Bucharest, Sdnteia Square. Tel. 18.20; (3x INTERVIEW GRANTED BY STATE COUNCIL PRESIDENT NICOLAE CEAUSESCU OF ROMANIA TO THE TURKISH JOURNALISTS FURUZAN TEKIL OF "ZAFER” AND SAID TERZIOGLU OF “CUMHURIET" QUESTION : Is Your Excellency satisfied with the development of the Romanian-Turkish relations these last few years J ANSWER : The relations between Romania and Turkey have witnessed an increasing development in recent years. I should mention the positive development of the economic and technico-scientific links between our coun¬ tries. The exchanges of economic, cultural and scientific delegations, the intensification of tourism, and the con¬ tacts between various representatives of Romania and Turkey in general, have proved very useful. I have a pleasant memory of the visit I made last year in Turkey, of my meetings with President Sunay and with other leaders of Turkey, and with the population of your country. I am sure that the President of Turkey will be met with the same friendly feelings by our peo¬ ple. in Romania. As to the prospects of the Romanian-Turkish relations, I consider that both my own visit to Turkey and the visit the President of Turkey is to pay to Romania will contribute to a still more intensive development of the relations betw-ecn our peoples and countries, to mutual advantage and to the benefit of the cause of general peace.
    [Show full text]
  • Maiwghdwal Phones Etemad
    University of Nebraska at Omaha DigitalCommons@UNO Kabul Times Digitized Newspaper Archives 10-9-1966 Kabul Times (October 9, 1966, vol. 5, no. 163) Bakhtar News Agency Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unomaha.edu/kabultimes Part of the International and Area Studies Commons Recommended Citation Bakhtar News Agency, "Kabul Times (October 9, 1966, vol. 5, no. 163)" (1966). Kabul Times. 1332. https://digitalcommons.unomaha.edu/kabultimes/1332 This Newspaper is brought to you for free and open access by the Digitized Newspaper Archives at DigitalCommons@UNO. It has been accepted for inclusion in Kabul Times by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UNO. For more information, please contact [email protected]. PAG•• I " < . Politkal Aims Behind Trade 'World Briefs JohllSOn (Re~ts US Does SUijftJls ¥i8it MOSCOW, Oct S (T_, - Th. ... (Contd from pal! I) Soviet Union II reldy to help Ai ..unaY ai{ded We Tuilii ~ aerla on mutuau'y acceptable terms Not War China Terms, Says Philippines Want' Withj • grateful to you 19r your l.ineqlli· tn the better uee of 011 relOurcea, ib (CoMd from JHtg, I) The ~ ssloM &!:QusM on Utia vocal ai\d valiant iittltude w!#.cb ferro~s InSJlI~ .NEW YORK, Oct 8, (AP)­ the development of metal WQt;l\t thing the United issue lli Aust'raIJa were traglcal Is ily YQur concern \ tell' Seoator Ambrosio Padilla of the l'hlllJpplnes charged here Ftl lurgy and the bulldmg 01 fertiliser Stales could do be said, would Iy illustiated liis~ June when an jUstice and human conalder'tlQ~ da,; that "the great tradIng oattonS !tllt preter to mUilj)lilate plants be to gol Into a larger war Wilh unsucCesSful attemPt was made on our Cyprus case :AS fO/i..t,t¥.o.
    [Show full text]
  • Box Folder Date Extent Presidential Correspondence 1969-1974 748
    Box Folder Date Extent Presidential Correspondence 1969-1974 748 AFGHANISTAN Mohammad Daoud [October-November 1973] ALGERIA Col Houari Boumediene October 1970-April 1973] ARGENTINA Pres Lanusse [October 1971-May 1973] AUSTRALIA Prime Minister Gorton Corres. [June 1969-April 1970] AUSTRALIA Prime Minister McMahon [May 1971-March 1973] AUSTRALIA: PM E. Gough [December 1972-August 1973] AUSTRIA CHANCELLOR: Kreisky, Bruno [June 1972] BAHRAIN Shaykh Isa bin Salmar Al-Khalita [December 1971] BANGLADESH Prime Minister Mujibur Rahman [February 1972-July 1974] 749 Belgium KING BAUDOUIN [June 27, 1974] President Banzer (Bolivia) [1971-1973] Brazil President Gen. Ernesto Geisel President of Brazil General Emilio Garrastazu Medici [1972-1973] BURMA General Ne Win Corres. [1971-1972] CAMBODIA Prince Sihanouk Corres. [1969-1974] Cambodia MATAK, SIRIK CORRES. [1970-1971] CAMBODIA Lon Nol, Prime Minister 1970 Box Folder Date Extent Presidential Correspondence 1969-1974 749 Cambodia: President Marshal Lon Nol 1971 750 CAMBODIA President, Marshal Lon Nol 1972 CANADA Trudeau corres. [1969-1973] CEYLON Prime Minister Senanayake Corres. [1970] 751 CHAD Pres. Francois Tombalbaye [April 1970-December 1972] CHILE Pres. Allende Corres. [December 8, 1971] REPUBLIC OF CHINA corres. Pres. Chaing Kai-shek November 1969-March 1973] COLOMBIA CARLOS LLERAS CORRES. Republic of Colombia Bogota, Dr. Misael Pastrana Borrero (President) CONGO (Kinshasa) President Mobutu Corres. COSTA RICA Trejos corres. Jose Figueres Ferrer (Pres) Costa Rica, San Jose DOMINICAN REPUBLIC Pres Joaquin Balaguer President of Ecuador Jose Maria Velasco Ibarra President of Ecuador Guillermo Antonio Rodriguez Lara EGYPT President Sadat ETHIOPIA Selassie corres. Box Folder Date Extent Presidential Correspondence 1969-1974 751 FRANCE P.M. Chaban-Delmas Corres.
    [Show full text]
  • Ismet Inönü Iktidarina Yönelik Darbe Girişimleri Ve 6 Haziran 1950 Tasfiye Hareketi
    Çağdaş Türkiye Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi Journal Of Modern Turkish History Studies Geliş Tarihi : 20.02.2019 Kabul Tarihi: 30.07.2019 XIX/38 (2019-Bahar/Spring), ss. 195-219 CUMHURİYET TARİHİNDE BİR ORDU-SİYASİ ERK ÇATIŞMASI: İSMET İNÖNÜ İKTİDARINA YÖNELİK DARBE GİRİŞİMLERİ VE 6 HAZİRAN 1950 TASFİYE HAREKETİ Şakire ÇİMENLİ* Öz Cumhuriyet Halk Fırkası (CHP) iktidarının İkinci Dünya Savaşı sırasında ve sonrasında ordu içinde yaptığı düzenlemeler, 1946 seçimlerindeki baskın tavırları, ordunun ABD standartlarına göre yeniden şekillendirilmesi askeri kanadı rahatsız etmiş ve iktidara karşı -1941 yılından itibaren- ordu içinde darbeyi öngören örgütlerin kurulmasına neden olmuştur. Bu örgütlerden biri Seyfi Kurtbek’in kurduğu “Hücum Ordusu”dur. Kurulan diğer örgütler Muzaffer Tuğsavul, Ahmet Ekrem Türker, Nazmi Dora ve Fahri Belen gibi komutanlarla temasa geçmişlerdir. Türk Silahlı Kuvvetleri’nde oluşan bu örgütlerin CHP iktidarını yıkma amaçlı destek verdikleri parti 1946’da kurulan Demokrat Parti (DP) olmuştur. 1950’de iktidarı devralan DP, İsmet İnönü’nün yüksek dereceli komutanlar üzerindeki nüfuzundan tedirgin olmuş ve bu tedirginlik DP’yi bir darbe girişimi endişesine sevk etmiştir. Bu endişeyi seçimlerin hemen sonrasında Menderes’e gelen bir albayın, üst dereceli komutanların İsmet İnönü ile görüştükleri yönündeki söylemi daha da arttırmıştır. Bu gelişmeler üzerine DP iktidara bağlı bir ordu yaratma düşüncesi ile Genelkurmay Başkanı dahil olmak üzere üst dereceli komutanları tasfiye kararı almıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: İsmet İnönü,
    [Show full text]
  • Turkey in the Triangle of the 1950–1960 Era, the 1960 Military Coup, and the 1961 Constitution
    Calhoun: The NPS Institutional Archive Theses and Dissertations Thesis Collection 2014-03 Turkey in the triangle of the 1950-1960 era, the 1960 military coup, and the 1961 Constitution Eryilmaz, Omer Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School http://hdl.handle.net/10945/41373 NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA THESIS TURKEY IN THE TRIANGLE OF THE 1950–1960 ERA, THE 1960 MILITARY COUP, AND THE 1961 CONSTITUTION by Omer Eryilmaz March 2014 Thesis Advisor: Victoria Clement Co-Advisor: Cristiana Matei Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704–0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instruction, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188) Washington, DC 20503. 1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED March 2014 Master’s Thesis 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5. FUNDING NUMBERS TURKEY IN THE TRIANGLE OF THE 1950–1960 ERA, THE 1960 MILITARY COUP, AND THE 1961 CONSTITUTION 6. AUTHOR(S) Omer Eryilmaz 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION Naval Postgraduate School REPORT NUMBER Monterey, CA 93943-5000 9.
    [Show full text]
  • CUMHURBAŞKANI SÜLEYMAN DEMİREL Mustafa CAN
    CUMHURBAŞKANI SÜLEYMAN DEMİREL Mustafa CAN Sami Süleyman Gündoğdu Demirel (D. 1 Kasım 1924 İslamköy-Isparta) ĠnĢaat ve Su Mühendisi, Hürriyetçi, Demokrat, Siyasetçi ve Türkiye‟nin 1965–1993 yılları arasında 7 farklı hükümetinde 7 defa 12 yıl BaĢbakanlık yapmıĢ, 3 ihtilal ve 1 muhtıraya muhatap olmuĢ ve 9. CumhurbaĢkanı olarak görev yapmıĢtır. 31 yaĢında Genelmüdür, 40 yaĢında GenelbaĢkan ve 41 yaĢında BaĢbakan olan ender liderlerdendir. “Barajlar Kıralı” “Baba” “Bir Bilen” ve “Bilge” unvanları ile anılmıĢtır. 1961 – 2000 tarihleri arasında kesintili ve yasaklı da olsa 40 yıl siyaset sahnesini etkilemiĢtir ve hala daha etkilemeye devam etmektedir. Türkiye‟de en çok icraat yapan, en çok hizmeti geçen ve ülkenin her yerinde eserleri bulunan siyasi mimardır. Kendisi susan ama eserleri ile konuĢan bir kalkınmacıdır. Kırk yıl boyunca ülkenin bütçesini kullandığı halde kör kuruĢun hesabını verip alnının akıyla çıkan ve hiçbir yolsuzluk ve usulsüzlükle suçlanamayan bir ekonomisttir. Tüm siyasi partilerce en fazla eleĢtirilen dünyada en çok düĢmana sahip olan ama bütün bunlara karĢın hiçbir yanlıĢ icraatı ispat edilemeyen ve hiçbir mahkeme tarafından suçlu görülemeyen, ülkeye kazanımı ve yaptığı eserleri kendisi dıĢındaki bütün baĢbakanlardan daha çok olan acaip bir devlet adamıdır. Türkiye‟nin bütün olumsuzlukları ve yanlıĢları bütün muhalifleri tarafından kendisine yüklendiği ve herkes tarafından çamur atıldığı ve karalandığı, ihtilallere maruz kaldığı halde hiçbirine cevap vermeyen ve gülerek geçen, öfkelenmeyen ve herkesi affeden, hiçbirine dava açmayan, hiçbir iftira ve karalamaya değer vermeyen sabırlı ve tahammüllü bir devlet adamıdır. Her konuĢması basında ve siyaset sahnesinde gündem oluĢturan bir duayendir. Bu gün bile “Acaba bu konuda Demirel ne diyor? Veya “Demirel ne diyecek?” diye ağzından çıkacak her cümlesi Türkiye ve dünya kamuoyunca merak edilen ve sözleri manĢetlere çekilen gizemli bir dünya siyasetçisidir.
    [Show full text]
  • T.C. Ankara Üniversitesi Türk Inkilâp Tarihi Enstitüsü Türk
    T.C. ANKARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ TÜRK İNKILÂP TARİHİ ENSTİTÜSÜ TÜRK ORDUSUNDAKİ STRATEJİK VE DOKTRİNER DEĞİŞİKLİKLER (1923-1960) Yüksek Lisans Tezi Erdal Akkaya Ankara-2006 T.C. ANKARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ TÜRK İNKILAP TARİHİ ENSTİTÜSÜ TÜRK ORDUSUNDAKİ STRATEJİK VE DOKTRİNER DEĞİŞİKLİKLER (1923-1960) Yüksek Lisans Tezi Öğrencinin Adı Erdal Akkaya Tez Danışmanı Prof. Dr. Temuçin Faik Ertan Ankara-2006 ÖZET Tarih boyunca varlığını koruyan “Ordu” kavramı silahlı ve düzenli gücü simgelemiştir. Bulundukları çağ ve dönemlerin oluşan şartlarına göre, silah, araç ve donanımındaki gelişimler, buna paralel olarak orduların savaş taktik ve stratejileri değişimler göstermiştir. Yeniçeri Ordusu’nun kaldırılmasına kadar geçen süre içerisinde bir meslek ordusu görünümünde olan Osmanlı Ordusu, XIX. Yüzyılın başlarından itibaren askeri okulların kurulması ve zorunlu askerliğin uygulamaya başlamasıyla modern bir ordu yaratma yolunda çalışmalara başlamıştır. Ancak, yapılan reformlar savaşlar ve ülkenin ekonomisindeki kötüleşme nedeniyle kalıcı ve sürekli olamamıştır. Mülki idarenin başında askerlerin yer alması nedeniyle, Osmanlı İmparatorluğundaki sivil-asker ayrımının bulunmayışı, ordunun toplumdaki rolünü de belirlemede etkili olmuştur. Cumhuriyet’i kuran kadroların büyük bir bölümünün ordu kökenli olması, ordunun geleneksel işlevinin çok daha ötesinde bir rol üstlendiğini göstermektedir. Ancak bu durum hiçbir zaman askeri bir rejime veya diktatörlüğe dönüşmemiştir. Cumhuriyetin ilk yıllarında tehdit algılamasındaki içe dönüklük nedeniyle, ordu, daha çok rejimin sağlamlaştırılması
    [Show full text]
  • Russian-Turkish Relations from the First World War to the Present
    Russian-Turkish Relations from the First World War to the Present Russian-Turkish Relations from the First World War to the Present By Vefa Kurban Russian-Turkish Relations from the First World War to the Present By Vefa Kurban This book first published 2017 Cambridge Scholars Publishing Lady Stephenson Library, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2PA, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Copyright © 2017 by Vefa Kurban All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN (10): 1-4438-1777-5 ISBN (13): 978-1-4438-1777-6 TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface ...................................................................................................... viii Introduction ................................................................................................ ix Chapter One ................................................................................................. 1 Causes of the First World War and Turkey’s Entrance into the War Ottoman Empire’s Entry into World War I The Tipping Point of the War The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk: Russia's Withdrawal from the War and Turkish-Soviet Relations after the Treaty Communist Propaganda Reasons for the Turkish-Soviet Convergence and the Armenia Factor Treaty of Moscow of March 16, 1921 Chapter Two .............................................................................................
    [Show full text]