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Alternatives to Invasive Plants Commonly Found in South Florida Landscapes1 Gary W

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Alternatives to Invasive Plants Commonly Found in South Florida Landscapes1 Gary W Archival copy: for current recommendations see http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu or your local extension office. ENH1222 Alternatives to Invasive Plants Commonly Found in South Florida Landscapes1 Gary W. Knox, Sandra B. Wilson, Zhanao Deng, and Rosanna Freyre2 Invasive plants are non-native plants that form expanding considered to be generally available in the nursery trade are populations in natural areas and other plant communities listed. Alternative plants are similar to respective invasive with which they were not previously associated (Langeland plants as much as possible in terms of size, habit, texture, 1998, rev. 2012). Invasive plants can cause ecological and flower color. Non-native, non-invasive plants in Table impacts such as displacing native plants and associated 1 were determined to be non-invasive by the IFAS Assess- wildlife or altering natural water flow and fire patterns. ment of Non-Native Plants in Florida’s Natural Areas (IFAS Invasive Plant Working Group 2008) or have not yet been Some ornamentals listed as invasive by the University of evaluated. Florida IFAS Assessment of Non-Native Plants in Florida’s Natural Areas or by the Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council are still in commercial production and widely found in Florida landscapes. Homeowners might replace invasive plants if non-invasive alternatives are researched, publicized and made readily available. By shifting production and use from invasive ornamentals to native or non-invasive cultivars, the nursery and landscape industry could benefit from potential revenue while fostering greater collaboration with state agencies and environmental groups. University of Florida research and Extension efforts over the last 10 years have focused on identifying non-invasive alternatives by assessing the invasive traits of popular non-native ornamentals, related genera, and their cultivars. In more recent years, University of Florida breeding efforts have focused on producing and trialing new non- invasive cultivars. Table 1 lists alternatives (both native and non-invasive, non-native ornamentals) to invasive plants commonly used in Florida landscapes. Only plants 1. This document is ENH1222, one of a series of the Environmental Horticulture Department, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date September 2013. Visit the EDIS website at http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu. 2. Gary W. Knox, Extension specialist and professor, Environmental Horticulture Department, North Florida Research and Education Center, Quincy, FL; Sandra B. Wilson, professor, Environmental Horticulture Department, Indian River Research and Education Center, Fort Pierce, FL; Zhanao Deng, associate professor, Environmental Horticulture Department, Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, Wimauma, FL; and Rosanna Freyre, research scientist, Environmental Horticulture Department, University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Gainesville, FL, 32611. The Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS) is an Equal Opportunity Institution authorized to provide research, educational information and other services only to individuals and institutions that function with non-discrimination with respect to race, creed, color, religion, age, disability, sex, sexual orientation, marital status, national origin, political opinions or affiliations. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Cooperative Extension Service, University of Florida, IFAS, Florida A&M University Cooperative Extension Program, and Boards of County Commissioners Cooperating. Nick T. Place, Dean. Archival copy: for current recommendations see http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu or your local extension office. Table 1. Invasive ornamentals commonly found in south Florida landscapes and commonly available native and non-native, non- invasive substitutes. Invasive ornamentalz Scientific Common Native substitute Non-native, non-invasive substitutez Name Name Ardisia crenata Coral ardisia Ardisia escallonioides, Marlberry Acalypha wilkesiana, Copperleaf Callicarpa americana, American beautyberry Chrysobalanus icaco, Coco plum Citharexylum spinosum, Fiddlewood Hamelia patens, Firebush Ilex vomitoria, Yaupon holly Myrsine cubana, Myrsine Psychotria ligustrifolia, Bahama wild coffee Psychotria nervosa, Wild coffee Viburnum obovatum, Walter’s viburnum Bauhinia Orchid tree Acacia choriophylla, Cinnecord Bauhinia ×blakeana, Hong Kong orchid tree variegata Acacia farnesiana, Sweet acacia Cassia afrofistula, Dwarf golden shower Bourreria succulenta, Bahama strongbark Cassia fistula, Golden shower Canella winterana, Cinnamon bark Clerodendrum quadriloculare, Starburst Capparis cynophallophora (syn. Cynophalla flexuosa, clerodendrum syn. Capparis flexuosa), Jamaican caper Cordia boissieri, White cordia, Mexican olive Erythrina herbacea, Coralbean Dombeya ×seminole, Seminole dombeya, Tropical Guaiacum sanctum, Lignumvitae rose hydrangea Myrcianthes fragrans, Simpson’s stopper Gardenia thunbergia, Wild gardenia Piscidia piscipula, Jamaican dogwood Hamelia cuprea, West-Indian firebush, Bahama firebush Tabermaemontana divaricata, Crepe jasmine Tibouchina granulosa, Purple glory tree Bischofia Bishopwood Bursera simaruba, Gumbo limbo Azadirachta indica, Neem javanica Ficus aurea, Strangler fig Bulnesia arborea, Bulnesia Quercus laurifolia, Laurel oak Litchi chinensis, Lychee Quercus virginiana, Live oak Mangifera indicay, Mango Sideroxylon foetidissimum, False mastic Terminalia bucerasy (syn. Bucida buceras), Black olive Swietenia mahagoni, West Indian mahogany Casuarina Australian pine Juniperus silicicola, Southern red cedar Juniperus chinensis ‘Torulosa’, Torulosa juniper equisetifolia Pinus elliottii var. densa, Slash pine Platycladus orientalis, Oriental arborvitae Taxodium distichum, Bald cypress Podocarpus macrophyllus, Podocarpus, Japanese yew Colocasia Elephant ear Acrostichum danaeifolium, Giant leather fern Cordyline fruticosa, Ti plant esculenta Crinum americanum, Seven-sisters, String-lily Crinum asiaticum, Grand crinum lily Hymenocallis latifolia, Mangrove spiderlily Monstera deliciosa, Monstera Philodendron bipinnatifidum, Selloum philodendron Cupaniopsis Carrotwood Conocarpus erectus, Buttonwood Ficus rubiginosa, Rusty fig anacardioides Piscidia piscipula, Jamaican dogwood Peltophorum dubium, Yellow poinciana Sapindus saponaria, Soapberry Terminalia bucerasy (syn. Bucida buceras), Black olive Simarouba glauca, Paradise tree Dioscorea Air-potato Campsis radicans, Trumpet creeper Aristolochia littoralis, Calico flower bulbifera Jacquemontia pentanthos, Key West morning glory, See Flowering Vines for Florida (http://edis.ifas.ufl. Skyblue clustervine edu/mg097) for additional vines Lonicera sempervirens, Coral honeysuckle Eugenia Surinam Cherry Ardisia escallonioides, Marlberry Myrciaria cauliflora, Jaboticaba uniflora Bourreria succulenta, Bahama strongbark Pittosporum tobira, Pittosporum Calyptranthes pallens, Spicewood Citharexylum spinosum, Fiddlewood Forestiera segregata, Florida swampprivet Guaiacum sanctum, Lignumvitae Myrcianthes fragrans, Simpson’s stopper Myrsine cubana, Myrsine Psychotria nervosa, Wild coffee Alternatives to Invasive Plants Commonly Found in South Florida Landscapes 2 Archival copy: for current recommendations see http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu or your local extension office. Scientific Common Native substitute Non-native, non-invasive substitutez Name Name Hibiscus Sea hibiscus, Bursera simaruba, Gumbo limbo Cassia fistula, Golden shower tiliaceus (syn. Mahoe Clusia rosea, Pitchapple Cassia javanica, Apple blossom Talipariti Piscidia piscipula, Jamaican dogwood Ficus elastica, Rubber tree tiliaceum) Ficus lyrata, Fiddleleaf fig Jasminum Gold coast Ernodea littoralis, Beach creeper Jasminum laurifolium var. laurifolium (syn. J. nitidum), dichotomum jasmine Hymenocallis latifolia, Mangrove spiderlily, Shining jasmine, Star jasmine Perfurmed spiderlily Jasminum multiflorum, Downy jasmine Mimosa strigillosa, Powderpuff Solandra grandiflora, Showy chalicevine, Solandra Stachytarpheta jamaicensis, Blue porterweed Lantana Lantana Byrsonima lucida, Locustberry Lagerstroemia spp., Crapemyrtle (dwarf forms) camara Cordia globosa, Butterfly sage, Curacao bush Lantana camara T2x, T2 lantana (sterile) Hamelia patens, Firebush Lantana camara T3x, T3 lantana (sterile) Lantana involucrata, Wild sage Lantana camara T4x, T4 lantana (sterile) Lycium carolinianum, Christmasberry Lantana camara T9x, T9 lantana (sterile) Salvia coccinea, Tropical sage Lantana montevidensis, Trailing lantana Senna ligustrina (syn. Cassia bahamensis), Bahama Rosa spp., Rose cassia Sophora tomentosa var. truncata, Yellow necklacepod Stachytarpheta jamaicensis, Blue porterweed Viburnum obovatum, Walter’s viburnum Lonicera Japanese Campsis radicans, Trumpet creeper Trachelosperumum jasminoides, Confederate jasmine japonica honeysuckle Lonicera sempervirens, Coral honeysuckle See Flowering Vines for Florida (http://edis.ifas.ufl. Symphyotrichum carolinianum (syn. Aster edu/mg097) for additional vines carolinianus), Climbing aster Melaleuca Melaleuca Annona glabra, Pond apple Callistemon rigidus, Erect bottlebrush quinquenervia Conocarpus erectus var. sericeus, Silver buttonwood Callistemon viminalis, Weeping bottlebrush Conocarpus erectus, Buttonwood Podocarpus macrophyllus, Podocarpus, Japanese Magnolia virginiana, Sweet bay yew Simarouba glauca, Paradisetree Psidium Strawberry Acacia choriophylla, Cinnecord Lagerstroemia spp., Crapemyrtle cattleyanum guava, Cattley Annona glabra, Pond apple Macadamia integrifolia, Macadamia nut guava Bourreria succulenta, Bahama
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