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Mental Health Handbook

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Mental Health Handbook 2 Mental Health Handbook “It is during our darkest moments that we must focus to see the light.” – Aristotle 3 MENTAL HEALTH HANDBOOK Foreword Most Malaysians today are still not well- Most of these disorders can be informed about mental health and successfully treated if the signs and mental disorders.1 Misconception, stigma symptoms associated with each and discrimination remain pervasive. disease are detected early. The most According to The National Health common mental disorders include Morbidity Survey (2015), the prevalence depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder and of mental health problems among adults schizophrenia, but there are many others. and children were 29.2% and 12.1%, ‘Mental Health Handbook’ is written for 2 respectively. The Malaysian Psychiatric easy-reading supplemented with rich Association believes the statistics could info-graphics and illustrations that make just be the tip of the iceberg as most cases the subject matter less ‘clinical’. It also often go unreported or worse, affected includes a directory listing of mental individuals do not receive any attention or healthcare specialists and facilities which treatment. will greatly help those who need to seek It is important to know that mental illness expert advice and treatment. is treatable. One of the key highlights of And finally, het Malaysian Psychiatric the handbook is how to recognize signs Association would like to acknowledge or symptoms of mental illness and when the contribution from sponsors and to seek professional help. Mental disorders volunteers who invested time and effort encompasses a broad range of problems, in researching and collating information with different symptoms. However, they to deliver a handbook that will help every are generally characterized by some Malaysian gain a better understanding combination of abnormal thoughts, about their mental health. emotions, behaviours and relationships with others. Dr Hazli Bin Zakaria MALAYSIAN PSYCHIATRIC ASSOCIATION References 1. Yeap R and Low WY. Mental health knowledge, attitude and help-seeking tendency: a Malaysian context. Singapore Med J. 2009;50(12):1169-1176. 2. Institute for Public Health (IPH) 2015. National Health and Morbidity Survey 2015 (NHMS 2015). Vol II: Non-Communicable Diseases, Risk Factors & Other Health Problems; 2015. 4 MENTAL HEALTH HANDBOOK Foreword By 2020, mental illness is expected to be the those within government to change the second biggest health problem affecting way we think about it. 1 Malaysians after heart disease. According Individuals experiencing episodes of to The National Health Morbidity Survey mental illness and the people who care (2015), every 1 in 3 adults aged 16 years for them need quick access to reliable and above in Malaysia suffer from some health information. If you or your loved 2 form of mental health issues. one is dealing with the effects of a mental Mental illness does not discriminate. illness, it can be difficult to find the right It can affect anyone regardless of age, information or what to do next. gender, race, social status or income. ‘Mental Health Handbook’ aims to Those suffering from mental disorders provide a credible reference resource are usually perceived to be restless, guide to enable Malaysians to acquire violent and unpredictable. Such stigma some basic knowledge about mental and discrimination will only prevent such health and recognize the early warning individuals from seeking professional help signs and symptoms of the various and treatment early. mental disorders. Through effective public awareness Learning to cope with mental health initiatives, we firmly believe the attitude of issues is difficult and overwhelming, but Malaysians towards mental disorders will it can be done. We hope this handbook improve. Education is the most important will significantly improve the lives of step to understanding mental health individuals with mental illness through problems. Like physical illness, mental better understanding, acceptance and illness is nothing to be ashamed of. For respect. that reason, it is important to educate our communities, employers, schools and Associate Professor Dr Ng Chong Guan MALAYSIAN MENTAL HEALTH ASSOCIATION References 1. Hassan MF, et al. Issues and challenges of mental health in Malaysia. IJ-ARBSS. 2018;8(12):1685-1696. 2. Institute for Public Health (IPH) 2015. National Health and Morbidity Survey 2015 (NHMS 2015). Vol II: Non-Communicable Diseases, Risk Factors & Other Health Problems; 2015. 5 CHAPTER 1: Pg 7 CHAPTER 4: Pg 33 Overview: What is Mental Taking Active Steps to Illness? Manage Your Mental Health • How do I know if I need to CHAPTER 2: Pg 11 seek professional help? Understanding Common • Psychologist or psychiatrist? Mental Disorders • Get ready for your first visit • Depression • Treatment for mental illness • Anxiety • 10 tips to stay mentally well • Bipolar disorder Appendix: Pg 42 • Schizophrenia • Standard self-assessment forms CHAPTER 3: Pg 29 • Directory of mental health Family & Social Support: services • Reach out to someone with mental health issues • How to start a conversation about mental health? • Patients’ quotes of encouragement MENTAL HEALTH HANDBOOK Chapter 1: Overview: What is Mental Illness? MENTAL HEALTH Chapter 1: HANDBOOK Overview: What is Mental Illness? MENTAL HEALTH encompasses our consequences, many people who have a emotional, psychological and social mental illness do not want to talk about it. well-being. It affects how we think, feel, There are more than 200 classified 1 and act. According to the World Health types of mental illness from Attention- Organization (WHO), mental health Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Eating & is a “state of well-being in which the Personality Disorders, as well as Substance individual realizes his or her own abilities, Abuse to Depression and Other Mood can cope with the normal stresses of life, Disorders.1 The most common are can work productively and fruitfully, and is Depression, Anxiety, Bipolar Disorder and able to make a contribution to his or her Schizophrenia.1 community”.2 5 Mental health is important at every stage Depression of our life, from childhood and adolescence Depression or major depressive disorder through adulthood. It is the foundation (MDD) is a common but serious medical for thinking, learning, communication, illness which usually affects one’s mood resilience and self-esteem.3 and behaviour. Even though it is a serious Mental Illness, also known as Mental condition, it is fortunately a treatable Disorder, can affect anyone. Mental illness. illnesses are health conditions involving Anxiety6 changes in thinking, emotion or behaviour (or a combination of these) Anxiety refers to feelings of worry, which often results in difficulty to cope nervousness, fear, and apprehension. with life’s ordinary demands and routines. Anxiety disorder is characterized by these One could suffer from poor mental health anxious feelings and can be accompanied without being diagnosed with mental by physical symptoms such as increased illness. The 2015 National Health and blood pressure and nausea. It occurs when Morbidity Survey revealed 4.2 million a reaction is out of proportion to what Malaysians aged 16 years and above (29.2 might normally be expected in a situation. percent) were struggling with mental health issues.4 Mental illnesses can take many forms. Some are fairly mild and only interfere in limited ways with daily life. Other mental health conditions are so severe that a person may need hospital care and medical attention. Despite its severe 8 MENTAL HEALTH HANDBOOK Bipolar Disorder7 What Causes Mental Illness?1 Bipolar disorder or manic-depressive illness is a psychiatric disorder that can -Early adverse life experiences, cause unusual shifts in mood, energy, such as trauma or history of activity levels and the ability to carry out abuse, such as child abuse and daily tasks. People with bipolar disorder sexual assault experience dramatic episodes of high and low moods which can have no fixed -Experiences related to other pattern. on-going chronic medical illness such as stroke, cancer or Schizophrenia8 diabetes Schizophrenia is another psychiatric disorder that can affect how a person -Biological factors, such as genes thinks, feels and behaves. This severe or or chemical imbalances in the chronic illness can have very disabling brain symptoms. People with schizophrenia often seem as if they have lost touch with -Use of alcohol or recreational reality. drugs -Lack of social exposure/ FACT MYTH 1 in 4 interaction Mental As many as 1 in 4 people health in the world will be problems affected by mental or are rare. neurological disorder -Have feelings of loneliness/ at some point in their lives.9 isolation -Family history of mental health MYTH FACT Mental About half of problems5-8 disorders mental disorders only affect begin before the adults. age of 14.10 Some mental disorders are linked to an abnormal functioning of nerve MYTH FACT cell circuits or pathways that connect Mental Mental disorders particular brain regions. Biological disorders increase the risk of have no effect getting ill from other factors such as a person’s individual on physical diseases such as genetic make-up, infections, brain health. cardiovascular disease, diabetes, etc.11 defects or injury, or even prenatal damage has been associated as 9 MENTAL HEALTH HANDBOOK causes of mental illness. Besides this, In Malaysia, females are more psychological and environmental susceptible to mental health issues factors such as
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