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TEMATICS for PHYSICS WRITTEN EXAM E: Essay, D: Definition T: Theorem F: Formula I. Kinematics • Cartesian Coordinate System (

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TEMATICS for PHYSICS WRITTEN EXAM E: Essay, D: Definition T: Theorem F: Formula I. Kinematics • Cartesian Coordinate System ( TEMATICS FOR PHYSICS WRITTEN EXAM e: essay, d: definition t: theorem f: formula I. Kinematics Cartesian coordinate system (e) Position vector (d) Polar coordinate system in 2 dimension (e) Mechanical particle (d) Path (d) Mechanical distance (d) Displacement vector (d) Average velocity (d+f) Average speed (d+f) Instantaneous velocity (d+f) Average acceleration (d+f) Instantaneous acceleration (d+f) Motion on a straight line with constant velocity (d+f) Motion on a straight line with constant acceleration (d+f) Motion on a circular path, circle motion (d+f) Magnitude of the velocity on the circle (d) Angular displacement (d) angular velocity (d+f) Angular acceleration (d+f) Time of one cycle (d+f) Number of rotations (d+f) II. Dynamics of linear motion Newton`s first law (d) Newton`s second law (d+f) Newton`s third law, action-reaction law (d+f) Newton`s fourth law, principle of superposition (d+f) Fundamental equation of dyamics (d+f) Momentum or impulse theorem (t) Conservation of momentum (or impulse) theorem (t) Work – if force vector is parallel to displacement vector (d+f) Work – if force vector is not parallel to displacement vector (d+f) Work – total mechanical work, on general path (d+f) Work of the gravitational force (e) Conservative field (d) Nonconservative field (d) Frictional force (d) Kinetical energy (d+f) Potential energy (d+f) Conservation of mechanical energy (t) 1 Work - energy theorem (t) Power (d+f) III. Dynamics of circular motion Torque or moment (d+f) Angular momentum (d+f) Angular momentum theorem (t+f) Conservation of angular momentum (t+f) IV. Many-body-system (Particle systems) Internal force (d) External force (d) Center of mass (d) Vector of the center of mass (f) Momentum theorem for particle systems (t+f) Conservation of momentum of particle systems (t+f) Center of mass theorem (t+f) Conservation of center of mass theorem (t+f) Elastic collisions (e) Non-elastic or inelastic collisions (e) Angular momentum theorem for particle systems (t+f) Conservation of angular momentum theorem of particle systems (t+f) V. Dynamics of a rigid body Rigid body (d) Angular velocity vector (d+f) Moment of inertia (d+f) Rotational analog of Newton`s second law for a rigid body Translational kinetic energy of a rigid body (d+f) Rotational kinetic energy of a rigd body (d+f) Total kinetic energy of a rigid body (d+f) Power of rotating rigid body (d+f) VI. Relative motion Galilean relativity theorem (e) Galilean transformation (f) Relative motion – noninertial reference frames (e) Rotating reference frame – centrifugal force (f) 2 Rotating reference frame – Coriolis force (f) VII. Elements of the theory of special relativity Light clock moves parallel to its axis (e) Light clock moves perpendicular to its axis (e) Michelson – Morley interference experiment (e) Einstein`s postulates, principle of relativity and invariance of c (t) Lorentz-transformations (f) Inverse Lorentz-transformations (f) Length contraction (f) Time dilatation (f) Relativistic mass increase (f) Pulse, impulse (f) Rest energy (f) Kinetical energy (f) Total energy (f) VIII. Thermodynamics. part I. Temperature scales (e) Linear thermal expansion (e) Surface or area thermal expansion (e) Volume thermal expansion (e) IX. Thermodynamics. part II. Thermometers (e) Ideal gas (d) Combined gas law, general gas law (f) Ideal gas law in some forms (f) Boyle – Mariotte`s law, Boyle`s law (t+f) Gay-Lussac`s I. law, Charles`s law (t+f) Gay-Lussac`s II. law, Gay-Lussac`s law (t+f) Heat (f) Specific heat (d+f) Specific heats for ideal gases (specific heat at constant pressure or constant volume) (d+f) Constant volume molar heat, molar heat capacity at constant volume (f) Constant pressure molar heat, molar heat capacity at constant pressure (f) Molar heats for ideal gases (content of the table) (f) Heat capacity, thermal capacity (d+f) X. Thermodynamics. part III. 3 Isolated system (d) Closed system (d) Opened system (d) Work done by the outer system on the gas (f) Work done by the gas on the outer system (f) Internal energy of the ideal gas (d) First law of thermodynamics in 3 versions (t+f) Isochoric process (e) Isobar process (e) Enthalpy (d) Isotherm process (e) Adiabatic process (e) XI. Thermodynamics. part IV. Thermal efficiency of a cycle (f) Carnot cycle (d) Thermal efficiency of the Carnot cycle (e) Second law of thermodynamics – Clausius (t) Second law of thermodynamics – Thomson (t) Second law of thermodynamics – Planck (t) Second law of thermodynamics – Ostwald(t) Reversible process (d) Irreversible process (d) Reduced heat (d) Entrophy (d) Second law of thermodynamics for isolated closed thermal systems (t+f) Free energy (d) Second law of thermodynamics using free energy (t+f) Free enthalpy (d) Second law of thermodynamics using free enthalpy (t+f) XII. Kinetic gas theory Pressure (f) Equation of ideal gases according to the kinetic gas theory (f) Temperature (f) Equipartition theorem (f) Internal energy of the gas (f) Specific heat and molar heat (f) Entrophy by Boltzmann (d) XIII. Oscillations 4 Amplitude (d) Undamped oscillations (d) Harmonic oscillations (d) Position coordinate – time function (f) Angular frequency (f) Phase (f) Initial phase (f) Velocity of harmonic oscillation (e) Acceleration of harmonic oscillation (e) Dynamics of harmonic oscillation (e) Potential energy of oscillation (d+f) Kinetic energy od oscillation (d+f) Theorem for energies in oscillations (d+f) Damped oscillations (e) Forced oscillations (f) Resonance catastrophe (example) XIV. Waves wave motion (d) mechanical waves (d) electromagnetic waves (d) shock waves (d) traveling waves (d) periodic waves (d) harmonic waves (d) wavelength of a wave (d) phase of the wave (d) period of time of the wave (d) frequency of a wave (d) amplitude (d) longitudinal wave (d, e) transverse wave (d, e) wave function (f) properties of waves (e) XV. Optics Fermat`s principle (t, f) reflection of light (t) refraction of light – Snell`s law (t, f) total reflection of light (e) interference of light waves (e) Amplification maximum at interference (f) 5 Maximum attenuation at interference (f) diffraction of light (e) Huygens – Fresnel`s principle (t) XVI. Duality of electromagnetic radiations thermal radiation (e) spectral emission (d) absolute black body (d) Stefan – Boltzmann`s law (t, f) Wien`s displacement law (t, f, graphs) Rayleigh – Jeans law (f) the “ultraviolet catastrophe” (e) Planck`s hypotheses #1 and #2 (t, f) Planck`s law (f) towards the photoeffect – preliminary experimental results (e) description of photoeffect (e) generating x-rays (e) Compton scattering, Compton effect (e, f) Proof for the “particle forms” of electromagnetic radiations (e) Proof for the “wave forms” of electromagnetic radiations (e) de Broglie equation (f) XVII. Atom models, quantum numbers, Pauli exclusion principle plum pudding model – Thomson model (e) Rutherford experiment (e) Rutherford atom model (e) What is wrong with the Rutherford atom model? (e) Bohr atom model (laws I, II, III) (t, f) principal quantum number (d) Bohr – Sommerfeld atom model azimuthal quantum number (d) magnetic quantum number (d) spin (d) spin quantum number (d) Pauli exclusion principle (t) XVIII. Physics of condensed matters Interpretation of metallic bond based on free electron model (e) specific resistance (d, f) specific conductivity (d, f) conductivity based on free electron model (f) 6 conductivity based on wave model (f) electric band theory of solids based on free electron model (e) conductive band (d) valence (ground) band (d) electric conductors (e) electric insulators (e) electric semiconductors (e) electric band theory of solids based on wave model (e) restricted wavelengths (d, f) restricted impulses (d, f) restricted energies (d, f) Fermi function (d, f) Fermi energy (d) energy distribution function (d) work function (workfunction) (d) contact potential difference or contact voltage (d) Volta-type voltage (d) Galvani-type voltage (d) Volta-type potential serie (d) primary conductor (d) Seebeck-effect Peltier-effect 7 .
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