Heritage of Religious Liberty
ARTICLES A HERITAGE OF RELIGIOUS LIBERTY ARLIN M. ADAMSt AND CHARLES J. EMMERICHtt TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ................................... 1560 I. THE HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF AMERICAN RELI- GIOUS LIBERTY ................................... 1561 A. Colonial Background ....................... 1562 B. Religious Liberty in the New Nation .......... 1568 C. The ConstitutionalPeriod ................... 1575 II. THE FOUNDERS ON RELIGIOUS LIBERTY ........... 1582 A. The Enlightenment Separationists............. 1583 B. The Political Centrists ...................... 1587 C. The Pietistic Separationists .................. 1591 D . Summary ................................. 1594 III. THE ANIMATING PRINCIPLES OF THE RELIGION CLAUSES ...................................... 1595 A. The Core Value of Religious Liberty .......... 1598 B. The Principle of Federalism ................. 1604 C. The Principle of Institutional Separation ...... 1615 t Counsel, Schnader, Harrison, Segal & Lewis, Philadelphia;' Retired Judge, United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit. B.S. 1941, M.A. 1950, Temple University; J.D. 1947, University of Pennsylvania. This article is a significant expansion of the Owen J. Roberts Memorial Lecture entitled, "The Religion Clauses-The Past and the Future," delivered by Judge Ad- ams on November 19, 1987, under the auspices of the University of Pennsylvania Law School, the Order of the Coif and the Law Alumni Society. The authors are presently completing The American Constitutional Heritage of Religious Liberty, a two-volume work on the historical development and judicial con- struction of the first amendment religion clauses. In preparing the article, they grate- fully acknowledge the research assistance of Mr. Fred Beuttler, doctoral student in history at the University of Chicago, and the administrative assistance of Mrs. Helen Kina and Mr. Timothy Longacre. # Research Consultant, University of Pennsylvania Law School; former Execu- tive Director of the Center for Church/State Studies, DePaul University College of Law.
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