Cattana Wetlands Vegetation Management Plan

Cairns Regional Council

Cairns Office: Townsville Office: Level 1, 320 Sheridan Street, Suite 2A, Level 1, 41 Denham Street, PO Box 5678 Cairns QLD 4870 PO Box 539 Townsville QLD 4810 P: 61 7 4034 5300 F: 61 7 4034 5301 P: 61 7 4796 9444 F: 61 7 4796 9410 www.natres.com.auwww.natres.com

NRA Reference: Cover letter_L01

2 September 2016

Cairns Regional Council PO Box 359 CAIRNS QLD 4870

Attention: Luke Jackson, Parks and NR Strategic Planner

Dear Luke

RE: Cattana Wetlands Vegetation Management Plan (final report)

Please find enclosed the Cattana Wetlands Vegetation Management Plan (final report).

If you have any questions please feel free to contact me on (07) 4034 5300 or email at [email protected].

Yours sincerely NRA Environmental Consultants

Shannon Wetherall CEO and Senior Environmental Scientist

Encl: Cattana Wetlands Vegetation Management Plan (final report)

© Natural Resource Assessments Pty Ltd This document is the property of Natural Resource Assessments Pty Ltd. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, all other rights are reserved. Unauthorised use of this document in any form whatsoever is prohibited.

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Document Control Summary

NRA Environmental Consultants F:\AAA\154_CRC\154027-Cattana Veg Mgt Job No: Plan\rpt\CattanaWetlands_VMP_R02.docx Status: Final Project Manager: Shannon Wetherall Title: Cattana Wetlands Vegetation Management Plan Author/s: Shakira Todd Client: Cairns Regional Council and GGI Architects Client Contact: Luke Jackson (Parks and NR Strategic Management, CRC) Date of Issue: 2 September 2016 No. of Copies: 1 PDF Dispatched Via: Email Other Info or Final report following meeting with Cairns Regional Council on Requirements: 2 September 2016.

Report Summary Cattana Wetlands, Vegetation Management Plan, VMP, remnant, Key Words invasive, Cairns Regional Council Abstract This Vegetation Management Plan has been prepared to document the vegetation present at Cattana Wetlands, and identify opportunities and constraints associated with management of these areas. It provides recommendations for improvements to the Project Area to manage and maintain vegetation at the site. Management recommendations, which reflect contribution from community consultation and surveys, are included.

Quality Assurance Approved for Issue by Technical Document Author Editor QA Manager Review Version Date Signature Kirsty R01 12/08/16 Shakira Todd Shannon Anderson BSc. Cert III Wetherall CALM BAppSc (Hons) Kate Steyn R02 2/09/16

© Natural Resource Assessments Pty Ltd This document is the property of Natural Resource Assessments Pty Ltd. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968 all other rights are reserved. Unauthorised use of this document in any form whatsoever is prohibited.

Certified Integrated Management System AS/NZS ISO 9001:2008 (Quality) AS/NZS ISO 14001:2004 (Environment) AS/NZS 4801:2001 (Safety)

Limitations of this Report

The information in this report is for the exclusive use of Cairns Regional Council and Gordon Gould Ipson Architects, the only intended beneficiaries of our work. NRA cannot be held liable for third party reliance on this document. This disclaimer brings the limitations of the investigations to the attention of the reader. The information herein could be different if the information upon which it is based is determined to be inaccurate or incomplete. The results of work carried out by others may have been used in the preparation of this report. These results have been used in good faith, and we are not responsible for their accuracy. The information herein is a professionally accurate account of the site conditions at the time of investigations; it is prepared in the context of inherent limitations associated with any investigation of this type. It has been formulated in the context of published guidelines, field observations and discussions with site personnel. NRA’s opinions in this document are subject to modification if additional information is obtained through further investigation, observations or analysis. They relate solely and exclusively to environmental management matters, and are based on the technical and practical experience of environmental practitioners. They are not presented as legal advice, nor do they represent decisions from the regulatory agencies charged with the administration of the relevant Acts. Any advice, opinions or recommendations contained in this document should be read and relied upon only in the context of the document as a whole and are considered current as of the date of this document.

Table of Contents

Executive Summary ...... i 1. Introduction ...... 1 2. Approach ...... 3 2.1 Desk-based Review ...... 3 2.2 Site Visit ...... 3 2.3 Preparation of Vegetation Management Plan ...... 4 3. Results ...... 5 3.1 Native Vegetation ...... 5 3.2 Listed Flora ...... 9 3.3 Non-native Flora Species ...... 9 3.4 Community Consultation ...... 10 4. Legislative Constraints ...... 11 5. Management ...... 16 5.1 Native Vegetation ...... 16 5.2 Listed Flora Species ...... 16 5.3 Non-native Flora Species ...... 16 6. References ...... 27

Tables

Table 1: Remnant Ecosystem mapping for the project area ...... 5

Table 2: Legislative constraints potentially relevant to vegetation management at Cattana Wetlands ...... 12

Table 3: Specific recommendations to enhance vegetation and biodiversity in the management zones ...... 18

Figures

Figure 1: Project Area and Management Zones ...... 2

Figure 2: Mapped Remnant Vegetation, Reef-regrowth Watercourse and Conservation Significant Species ...... 7

Figure 3: Isolated Infestations of Listed Non-native Species Observed 21 July 2016 ...... 8

Plates

Plate 1: Ant , beccarii (Vulnerable EPBC Act and NC Act) ...... 9

Appendices

Appendix A: Native recorded at Cattana Wetlands 21 July 2016, and their conservation status

Appendix B: Non-native plants (weeds) recorded at Cattana Wetlands 21 July 2016, and their status

Cairns Regional Council Cattana Wetlands Vegetation Management Plan

Executive Summary

Cairns Regional Council (CRC) aims to develop a Vegetation Management Plan (VMP) and Improvement Plan for Cattana Wetlands in consultation with internal and external stakeholders and the general public. NRA Environmental Consultants (NRA) was engaged by Gordon Gould Ipson Architects (GGI Architects) to prepare a VMP for CRC. This VMP informs the Improvement Plan and community consultation process being undertaken by GGI Architects.

This VMP has been prepared to document a representative list of vegetation present at Cattana Wetlands, and identify opportunities and constraints associated with the management of these areas. Preparation of this VMP was supported by a desk-based review, a site visit observing native and non-native flora, and a site visit with representatives from select stakeholder groups.

Within the project area, 10 management zones in the south and west sections of the wetlands were defined. These are the primary focus of this VMP. In one zone, four Myrmecodia beccarii (Ant Plants) were observed. This plant is listed as Vulnerable under the Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 and Queensland Nature Conservation Act 1992. Three non-native species identified in the project area are declared Category 3 weeds under the Queensland Biosecurity Act 2014. These weeds are Senna obtusifolia (Sicklepod), Sporobolus jacquemontii (American Rat’s Tail Grass) and Sphagneticola trilobata (Singapore Daisy). Under the Cairns Regional Council Pest Management Plan 2015-2018, Sicklepod is declared a high priority weed, nine other weed species observed in the project area during the site visit are declared as medium priority, and eight species are low priority weeds. Legislation potentially relevant to development of the project area is described in the VMP, and recommendations for improvements and management of vegetation onsite have been provided.

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1. Introduction

NRA Environmental Consultants (NRA) was engaged to prepare a Vegetation Management Plan (VMP) for the Cairns Regional Council (CRC) Improvement Plan and Vegetation Management Plan project. This VMP informs the Improvement Plan and community consultation process being undertaken by Gordon Gould Ipson Architects (GGI Architects).

The project brief provided by CRC provides the following background. Cattana Wetlands is a significant city wide park providing a fine example of land rehabilitated from sand mining and cane farming to a natural wetland and landscape. Council has developed and rehabilitated the site with the assistance of volunteers over the past 20 years. The site has several lakes which are accessed via a series of pathways. A range of improvements have been provided to enable visitors to enjoy the natural experience provided. Improvements include interpretive information, viewing platforms, bird watching hides, elevated boardwalks, BBQ and picnic stations, toilets, car parking, bins and taps. The wetland also contains a memorial garden for still born babies.

Large parts of the park are presently undeveloped and were used for cane farming purposes up until recently. There is an opportunity to review previous plans for the site but also develop a new plan which is current and that will steer staged improvements and rehabilitation for the whole site into the future.

The site contains 3 parcels of land totalling 80.8ha that are in freehold tenure.

Project Area/Scope The project applies to the whole area contained within the 3 parcels of land located at Cattana Wetlands, these being Lot 3 & 5 on RP865122 and Lot 2 on SP268644. The proposal applies to the provision of new and upgraded park improvements (e.g. seating, shelters, viewing decks/hides, BBQ facilities, bubblers, bins, etc), access, parking, signage, landscaping and rehabilitation of land. The property boundaries for the project area, which was the focus for the VMP, are shown in Figure 1.

The project applies to the management of existing vegetation, pest management, ongoing site rehabilitation and new vegetation and landscaping.

This report documents the VMP, the objective of which is to manage and maintain vegetation in the project area to address:  invasive plant management  ecosystem/habitat conservation and restoration  improved plant and wildlife habitat  increased demand/impact  wildlife bird attractors  expansion opportunities (including revegetation or improvements) in undeveloped areas  restoring and protecting the natural functions of the site, ie hydrology, plant management and maintenance  consideration of impacts to the project area from future development adjacent to the site.

The Improvement Plan is being prepared by GGI Architects as a separate document.

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Cairns Regional Council Cattana Wetlands Vegetation Management Plan

2. Approach

Preparation of this VMP was supported by a desk-based review, a site visit observing native and non-native flora, and an onsite discussion with stakeholder representatives. The tasks undertaken in each stage are outlined below.

2.1 Desk-based Review

The desk-based review involved the following.  Review of Preliminary Report on the Vegetation of the Cattana Wetlands Smithfield (Jago 2008), information sources relating to legislative considerations, flora species records and vegetation values for Cattana Wetlands.  Review of Vegetation management report for Lot 2 on Plan SP268644, including Regional Ecosystem mapping, essential habitat areas, and Protected Plants Flora Survey Trigger map ((DNRM) accessed 20 July 2016).  Searches of Matters of State Environmental Significance (Department of Environment and Heritage Protection (DEHP), accessed 20 July 2016).  Consideration of feedback provided in an online survey hosted by CRC (open 27 June 2016 to 19 July 2016).  Consideration of community suggestions/concerns discussed with key stakeholders during the site visit on 21 July 2016.

2.2 Site Visit

A site visit was conducted on 21 July 2016 by Mason Campbell (Botanist, NRA). The site visit involved the following tasks.  Description of location, extent and condition of remnant vegetation observed.  Documentation of location, extent and condition of listed1 flora species of conservation significance found during the site visit.  Documentation of location, extent and condition of listed non-native2 species observed.

NRA Environmental Scientists Shakira Todd and Shannon Wetherall undertook a site visit with Rebecca Gould (GGI Architects) on 21 July 2016 with the following stakeholders.  Dave Lloyd (CRC Cattana Land Management Officer).  Louisa Grandy (CRC Public Relations Officer for Cattana).  Representative of BirdLife Northern Queensland.  Representative of Jabiru volunteers.

The consultation session involved a visit to each of the management zones in the study site (Figure 2), and discussion of future plans and suggestions for conservation, weed control and vegetation management.

1 Listed flora species of conservation significance include Critically Endangered, Endangered and Vulnerable species under the Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999, Endangered, Vulnerable, Near Threatened and Least Concern species under the Queensland Nature Conservation Act 1992 and marine species under the Fisheries Act 1994. 2 Listed non-native species include Weeds of National Significance and weeds listed under the Queensland Biosecurity Act 2014 and the Cairns Regional Council Pest Management Plan 2015- 2018.

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2.3 Preparation of Vegetation Management Plan

The VMP was prepared incorporating the outcomes of the desk-based review and site visit. The VMP documents the following.  Results. Documents the location, extent and condition of remnant vegetation, listed conservation significant and non-native flora species.  Legislative Constraints. Documents legislative requirements and approvals from all tiers of government relating to vegetation management, maintenance, removal and restoration at the site.  Management. Provides recommendations:  for the rehabilitation of remnant/native vegetation  for the thinning, control and/or removal of invasive species  to guide the maintenance of the project area.  Figures. Provides the location of remnant vegetation and listed conservation significant and non-native flora to inform the preparation of a landscaping plan that details the recommendations and requirements identified in the VMP (landscaping plan to be prepared by GGI Architects).

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3. Results

Since establishment in 1993, Cattana Wetlands has undergone extensive revegetation and weed removal, primarily to protect the 30 ha of lowland rainforest within the western end of the site. This area, described as Mesophyll vine forest with Feather Palm, is a remnant of a once extensive forest type that is now confined to only a few patches in the Cairns region (CRC 2016).

Three Regional Ecosystems (REs) are mapped by the Queensland government for the project area. These REs are summarised in Table 1. Table 1: Remnant Ecosystem mapping for the project area RE Code Brief Description1 VM Act Class1 Biodiversity Status1 7.3.3a Palustrine wetland (eg vegetated Of Concern Endangered swamp). Mesophyll vine forest with Archontophoenix alexandrae (Feather Palm). 7.3.5a Palustrine wetland (eg vegetated Least Concern Endangered swamp). Malaleuca quinquenervia open forest, woodland and shrubland. 7.3.25a Riverine wetland or fringing riverine Of Concern Of Concern wetland. leucadendra open forest and woodlands. Non-remnant - - - 1 Regional ecosystem details obtained from the Queensland government Regional Ecosystem Description Database (REDD), accessed online 9 August 2016 (Queensland Herbarium 2015).

For ease of reporting, the study site has been defined into Management Zones (Figure 2). The vegetation outside Zones 1-10 has not been assessed as part of this VMP, and the key focus for conservation restoration and vegetation management will occur in the southern and eastern sections of the Cattana Wetlands, which is classed as non-remnant vegetation.

Vegetation within 50 metres of Avondale Creek is protected under the Queensland Vegetation Management Act 1999 as it is classified as a regrowth watercourse and drainage feature area (Figure 3).

3.1 Native Vegetation

The revegetation of native species at Cattana Wetlands has provided habitat for birdlife, reptiles, amphibians and mammals (such as bandicoots and gliders) which have been observed in the park by council staff (pers. comm. Dave Lloyd, Cattana Land Management Officer, CRC, 21 July 2016). Butterfly attracting plants, including Brachychiton acerifolius, Glochidion philippicum, and Ficus spp., are present throughout the Management Zones.

Melaleuca trees are dominant throughout the study site. The most abundant species are Melaleuca luecadendra and Melaleuca quinquenervia. Macaranga tanarius and Eucalypts (Corymbia spp.) are also abundant.

Littoral vegetation was abundant at the ponds and tidal wetlands within the project area. Native vegetation has regenerated in the salt marsh area (Zone 4) after a controlled burn event and appears to be well established. There is abundant ground cover of salt marsh succulents, including Sesuvium portulacastrum (Sea Purslane) and sedges such as Cyperus polystachyos and Fimbristylis dichotoma. Crake Pond (Zone 2) has an abundant population

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of Imperata cylindrical (Blady Grass), which is understood to have been assisted by a control burn to reduce Urochloa mutica (Para Grass) (pers. comm. Dave Lloyd, Cattana Land Management Officer, CRC, 21 July 2016). One Day Pond (Zone 8) has an abundant population of Philydrum lanuginosu (Frogmouth). Periscaria sp. is established within the littoral zone of King Fisher Pool (Zone 5).

A list of species observed in Zones 1-10 is presented in Appendix A. This list is not intended as a complete species list; rather, it is a list of representative native species within the project area. Suggestions for species to use in future revegetation projects have been included in Section 5.

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Cairns Regional Council Cattana Wetlands Vegetation Management Plan

3.2 Listed Flora Species

The only conservation significant species observed during the site visit was the Ant Plant Myrmecodia beccarii (Plate 1), listed as Vulnerable under the Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) and Queensland Nature Conservation Act 1992 (NC Act). Four individual Ant Plants were observed in a single location which is presented on Figure 2. The Ant Plant occurs in coastal woodlands between Cooktown and Ingham. It occurs in open woodland dominated by Melaleuca trees and other species with spongy bark.

The Amaryllidaceae family is listed under ‘Special least concern plants’ in the Queensland Nature Conservation (Wildlife Management) Regulation 2006. Crinum pedunculatum, a member of the Amaryllidaceae family was observed in the study area, at the eastern end of One Day Pond in Zone 8 (Figure 2).

Plate 1: Ant Plant, Myrmecodia beccarii (Vulnerable EPBC Act and NC Act)

3.3 Non-native Flora Species

Non-native flora species were identified throughout the project area. A list of these plants observed during the site visit, and their regulatory status, is provided in Appendix B.

The location of isolated infestations of declared weed species under the Queensland Biosecurity Act 2014 (Biosecurity Act) and Cairns Regional Council Pest Management Plan 2015-2018 (CRCPMP) observed during the site visit are shown on Figure 3. Infestations may occur in additional locations within the project area.

Three of the species identified are declared Category 3 weeds under the Biosecurity Act. These weeds are Senna obtusifolia (Sicklepod), Sporobolus jacquemontii (American Rat’s Tail Grass) and Sphagneticola trilobata (Singapore Daisy). Sicklepod is declared a high priority weed under CRCPMP. In addition, nine of the species identified are declared medium priority weeds and eight species are declared low priority weeds.

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Singapore Daisy is widespread within all zones. The highest infestation was observed in Zone 10, along the southern edge of Avondale Creek. Zone 9 had a high proportion of weed infestation with few native species present. The infestation in Zone 9 includes a variety of broadleaf weeds amongst non-native grasses, including patches of Megathyrsus maximus (Guinea Grass) and approximately 20 plants of Sporobolus jacquemontii (American Rat’s Tail Grass). Scattered infestations of Cardiospermum halicacabum (Balloon Vine) were present throughout Zones 3, 6, 7, 8 and 10.

Options for management of non-native species are discussed in Section 5.

3.4 Community Consultation

The Cattana Wetlands public survey was open from 27 June 2016 to 19 July 2016. The survey gave members of the public an opportunity to comment on management and improvement subjects at Cattana Wetlands. During the site visit at Cattana Wetlands on 21 July 2016, select stakeholder representatives toured the project area with NRA and discussed vegetative concerns and management suggestions.

The survey results (provided by CRC on 20 July 2016) and site visit discussion identified the following key improvements and requests relating to vegetation management.  The views from bird hides and other bird watching sites are becoming blocked with vegetation.  The area should be predominantly used for wildlife and the preservation of wildlife habitat.  Protect seeded grass (including non-native Guinea Grass) for seed eating birds.  Birdlife and wildlife habitat should remain the highest environmental priority.  Create shallow water lakes for wading birds.  Plant Pandanus species for bird nesting and flowering natives for Honeyeaters.  Maintain open spaces to complement forest species.  Increase the diversity of habitats to attract a greater diversity of wildlife.  Increase plantings which attract butterflies.  Eliminate toxic poison in maintenance work, such as the use of herbicides during weed control.  Protect Jabiru breeding areas.  Create a wildlife corridor for wallabies and introduce wallabies.  Buffer areas where future housing estates are proposed.  Increase and improve weed control and removal.

The management recommendations made in this VMP focus on the enhancement of biodiversity and native vegetation values. Recommendations relating to public amenity and recreational use of Cattana Wetlands area will be the focus of the Improvement Plan prepared by GGI Architects.

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4. Legislative Constraints

Commonwealth and State legislation prescribes the manner in which activities can be carried out and the permit requirements for particular activities. Legislation potentially relevant to development of the project area is described in Table 2.

The opinions expressed in this section are based on the technical and practical experience of expert environmental practitioners. They are not presented as legal advice. Nor do they present decisions from the regulatory agencies charged with the administration of the relevant acts. Any legislation or code of practice referenced in this section is understood to be current at the time of writing. Prior to implementing the Improvement Plan (being prepared by GGI Architects), updates to legislation and relevant codes and guidelines should be clarified.

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Table 2: Legislative constraints potentially relevant to vegetation management at Cattana Wetlands Type of Legislation Potential Triggers for Approval Comments Approval Commonwealth Environment EPBC Act A project requires Referral under Listed Flora Species Protection and Referral the EPBC Act if it is likely to have Four individuals of the Ant Plant (Myrmecodia beccarii), listed as Vulnerable under the EPBC Biodiversity a significant impact on a Matter of Act, were observed in Zone 10 of the project area during the July 2016 site visit (Figure 2). Conservation Act National Environmental Disturbance to the Melaleuca leucadendra tree in which the Ant Plant occurs should be avoided 1999 (EPBC Significance (MNES). For the where possible. Act) project area, the following MNES The EPBC Act states that actions that will have a significant impact on a MNES are prohibited occur in the broader environment. without approval. For Vulnerable species, a person must not take an action that:  Listed threatened species. (a) has or will have a significant impact on a listed threatened species included in the  Listed Threatened Ecological Vulnerable category Communities. (b) is likely to have a significant impact on a listed threatened species included in the  World heritage property. Vulnerable category.  The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. Queensland Nature Clearing Clearing of Least Concern (NC The project area is not within a high risk area as mapped on the Protected Plants Flora Survey Conservation Act Permit Act) plants outside a high risk area Trigger Map (DEHP, accessed 20 July 2016). 1992 and is exempt from requiring a Four individuals of the Ant Plant (Myrmecodia beccarii), listed as Vulnerable under the NC Act associated clearing permit. were observed in Zone 9 during the site visit. Disturbance to this species should be avoided where regulations Clearing EVNT species (species possible. If clearing is required, a permit will be needed. designated as Endangered, Crinum pedunculatum, a member of the Amaryllidaceae family was observed in Zone 8 and is Vulnerable or Near Threatened listed as Special Least Concern under the NC Act. Disturbance to this species should be avoided (EVNT) under the NC Act) where possible. If clearing of the plant is required, the need to obtain a permit should be requires a clearing permit. investigated further. Clearing of Special Least Concern plants may require Permits and approvals.

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Type of Legislation Potential Triggers for Approval Comments Approval Sustainable Development Where activities associated with Refer to the sections below addressing: Planning Act Application the Cattana Wetlands  Vegetation Management Act 1999 2009 (SP Act) Improvement Plan are defined as  Fisheries Act 1994 and Sustainable ‘Operational Works’ under the SP Planning Act, the following activities  Water Act 2000. Regulation 2009 require approval: (SP Reg)  Clearing native vegetation (Vegetation Management Act 1999)  Removal, destruction or damage of a marine plant (Fisheries Act 1994)  Interfering with overland flow water (Water Act 2000). Environmental Environmental Environmental offsets are Offsets will be required where activities associated with the Cattana Wetlands Improvement Plan Offsets Act 2014 Offset applicable if the project has a result in significant residual impacts to the Vulnerable (EPBC Act and NC Act) Ant Plant (Environmental Myrmecodia beccarii and the mapped Of Concern (VM Act) Regional Ecosystems (RE7.3.3a and significant residual impact on a Offsets Act) RE7.3.5a), as well as any other matters not identified during field observations in July 2016. prescribed environmental matter (eg MLES, MSES and MNES1). Applicable prescribed environmental matters for the project area include:  Clearing of an Of Concern Regional Ecosystem (MSES);  Significantly impacting on a Vulnerable species (MNES, MSES).

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Type of Legislation Potential Triggers for Approval Comments Approval Vegetation Operational Clearing native vegetation on land Clearing native vegetation that is in an area shown on the regulated vegetation management map Management Act Works Permit to which the VM Act applies. as Category B area (remnant vegetation) or Category R (regrowth watercourse area) (Figure 3) 1999 (VM Act) for clearing may require a permit. The remnant vegetation is mapped as essential habitat for the Southern native Cassowary and clearing of this vegetation should be avoided where possible, and relevant vegetation. approvals (and offsets) obtained if needed. Biosecurity Act - Clearing of declared pest plants. The site visit identified the following restricted non-native plants (Category 3) within the project 2014 area: (Biosecurity Act)  Singapore Daisy (Sphagneticola trilobata)  Sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia)  American Rat’s Tail Grass (Sporobolus jacquemontii) Category 3 restricted matter must not be distributed. Therefore, the plant must not be given as a gift, sold, traded or released into the environment unless the distribution or disposal is authorised in a regulation or under a permit. Deliberate human distribution or disposal contrary to the legislation is a key source of spread into other areas of the state (DAF 2016). Environmental - General Environmental Duty (due The EP Act outlines that a person must not carry out any activity that causes, or is likely to cause, Protection Act diligence). environmental harm unless the person takes all reasonable and practicable measures to prevent or 1994 (EP Act) Duty to Notify. minimise the harm (the General Environmental Duty). Furthermore, individuals have a “Duty to Environmentally Relevant Notify” their employers if they become aware of environmental harm or if there is a threat of Activity (ERA). creating environmental harm by their or someone else’s activities. Implementation of improvement works for the Cattana Wetlands should consider the potential environmental risks; an environmental management plan, or relevant procedures, may be prudent to manage potential risk. Fisheries Act Fisheries Removal, destruction or damage Marine plants were recorded within the eastern zones of the project area, particularly Zone 4 1994 (Fisheries Development of a marine plant. (eg Sesuvium portulacastrum). A permit is required to remove, destroy or damage marine plants. Act) Approval This includes pruning and trimming of marine plants. Marine plants, under the Fisheries Act 1994, include the following: (a) A plant (a tidal plant) that usually grows on, or adjacent to, tidal land, whether it is living, dead, standing or fallen (b) material of a tidal plant, or other plant material on tidal land (c) a plant, or material of a plant, prescribed under a regulation or management plan to be a marine plant.

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Type of Legislation Potential Triggers for Approval Comments Approval Water Act 2000 - Interfering with water, such as The construction of ponds, levees, or the realignment of drainage pathways, may trigger overland flow environmental approvals. Cairns Regional - - Some of the non-native flora species observed in the project area are listed in the CRCPMP Council Pest (Appendix B). Management of Cattana Wetlands vegetation should consider relevant actions to Management reduce the occurrence of these species and minimise the spread of these non-native species to Plan 2015-2018 other areas of the project area. (CRCPMP) 1 MLES: Matters of Local Environmental Significance. MSES: Matters of State Environmental Significance. MNES: Matters of National Environmental Significance.

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5. Management

Management recommendations for remnant vegetation, listed flora species and non-native flora species are provided in the following sections. A summary of specific recommendations to maintain or enhance the vegetation values throughout the Management Zones are included in Table 3.

5.1 Native Vegetation

The quality of native vegetation varies between zones, depending on the extent of previous council and community volunteer works that have taken place. During the site visit, recommendations were discussed with stakeholder representatives to propose future revegetation projects. A selection of suitable plant species are listed in Table 3 under the relevant management zones.

The revegetation of native grasses for a source of bird seed, particularly in Zone 9 and Zone 6, was emphasised. Native grass seed is outcompeted by non-native species; consequently, high density seed sowing or tube stock planting within manageable 25 m2 plots is recommended. Prior to all revegetation, non-native species which have the potential to outcompete establishing plants, should be removed. Weed free buffer zones of at least 0.5 m around revegetation should be maintained during the establishment period.

The protection of native vegetation within the littoral zone, such as Frogmouth, native sedges, Blady Grass and Periscaria sp., is imperative to outcompete non-native encroaching species. Revegetation of suitable native plants in the littoral zone is highly recommended. Planting should take place at the end of the dry season, prior to a predicted rainfall period. This will allow access to the planting zone and the rainfall will increase wetland water levels into the revegetated area during establishment of the new plants.

5.2 Listed Flora Species

Threatened species listed under the NC Act (eg Ant Plant) cannot be damaged or removed without seeking a relevant permit/approval. If clearing or removal of species listed as Special Least Concern under the Nature Conservation Act 1992 is required, approvals requirements should be investigated and relevant permits obtained if needed.

Any proposed upgrade works to the project area should avoid damage or impact to Threatened and Special Least Concern species.

5.3 Non-native Flora Species

Specific recommendations for the management of non-native species, in relation to enhancing the natural values in the management zones, are included in Table 3. General information regarding the management of pest plants is included below.

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The Australian Weeds Strategy takes a strategic approach and provides a framework to establish consistent weed management guidelines for all stakeholders (AWC 2007). Invasive plants listed in the Biosecurity Act are classified as prohibited matter (schedule 1) or restricted matter (schedule 2). Restricted matter is categorized by the allocation of category numbers 1-7, where a single species may have multiple category numbers. Several species identified during the site visit are Category 3 species under the Biosecurity Act, and action for this category is defined as follows.  Category 3 - restricted matter must not be distributed. Therefore, it must not be given as a gift, sold, traded or released into the environment unless the distribution or disposal is authorised in a regulation or under a permit. Deliberate human distribution or disposal contrary to the legislation is a key source of spread into other areas of the state. (DAF 2016).

The CRCPMP includes objectives to manage critical pests and isolated outbreaks of pests, to reduce or contain the extent and impact of other pests and to enforce the provisions of the Biosecurity Act (previously the Queensland Land Protection (Pest and Stock Route Management) Act 2002) and the CRCPMP. The CRCPMP includes a list of declared plants occurring in the local government area, plus a range of other introduced, exotic species that are known to show ‘weedy’ characteristics, as well as control priorities for each species and recommended control methods.

Declared Category 3 weeds (Biosecurity Act) and listed high priority weeds (CRCPMP) identified in Appendix B should be the priority target species during weed control, followed by CRCPMP medium priority weeds.

Herbicide use in sensitive areas, including around native revegetation and within 3 m of waterbodies, should be limited to a low pressure spray pack (eg knapsack unit) to avoid spray drift. Herbicide use around reef regrowth watercourses should be avoided where possible. Petrol or battery operated spray units should only be used in areas where there is a high weed infestation and the risk of off target native species damage is minimal.

Chemical free weed control options include hand weeding, brushcutting of annual species prior to setting seed, and saturated steam weed control. Steam weed control is an emerging technology which is considered safe to use in and around waterways and around sensitive vegetation.

Controlled burning is an effective process to reduce biomass of non-native species and, historically, has proven to be a successful method of controlling infestations (eg for Para Grass) within Cattana Wetlands (pers. comm. Dave Lloyd, Cattana Land Management Officer, CRC, 21 July 2016). Burn areas should be maintained post burn to ensure weed species do not establish or re-establish. Revegetation post burn is recommended to suppress weed species germination.

Guinea Grass is present within the open areas of the management zones, and it is understood that the seed provides a food source for birds. The Guinea Grass is currently not invading areas of native revegetation. Established populations should be managed by creating a buffer control area around the plants to ensure the extent of the infestation does not spread. It is recommended that all Guinea Grass is controlled once alternative species of native grasses are established to provide grass seed as a food source for native birds.

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Table 3: Specific recommendations to enhance vegetation and biodiversity in the management zones Zone Comments Recommended Management Photograph Zone 1 Native It was suggested by the Revegetation to the north of the car park will provide a natural Regeneration community that dense tree barrier between the proposed housing estate and Cattana Wetlands. revegetation take place to Suitable species to use in the revegetation project are included in provide a buffer from the Appendix A under the sub heading Zone 1. This list was compiled proposed housing from identifying species currently established in the carpark. development in the adjacent Lot 800 on Plan SP211744.

Revegetation site facing North from carpark towards development site. Zone 2 Native Low survival rate of Focus on revegetation of sedges, Lomandra and Frogmouth to Regeneration revegetation around Cuckoo outcompete and suppress Para Grass infestations. Lake. Crake Pond has abundant Blady Grass. Weed Para Grass and Cyperus Saturated steam weed control is an effective technique to control Management aromaticus (Navua Sedge) has broadleaf and grass weeds, and is likely to be effective to control encroached around lake edges. Para Grass and Navua Sedge within the littoral zones of the Singapore Daisy is present in wetlands. Alternatively, hand weeding in the dry season when scattered infestations. water levels are reduced may be beneficial. Singapore Daisy is declared a Category 3 weed under the Biosecurity Act and should be the priority for control in this zone to prevent further spread.

Crake Pond with abundant of Blady Grass

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Zone Comments Recommended Management Photograph Zone 3 Native There is sufficient tree Revegetation of Periscaria sp., native sedges and other wetland Regeneration revegetation in this area, with suitable species such as Lomandra and Frogmouth in and adjacent open viewing areas for bird to the littoral zone is recommended to assist with the suppression of watchers. Periscaria sp. is non-native plants. suppressing Para Grass within Ongoing tree planting in the memorial area will likely cause littoral zone. overcrowding and encroachment into the open lawn picnic area in The still born baby memorial the future. There is sufficient space within the memorial area for tree planting area has an more tree planting, however for longer term options other areas appropriate amount of should be considered (eg Zone 6 or Zone 9, with modified plant revegetation. list), or smaller plants (eg butterfly attracting shrubs and vines) should be included on .

Non-native Navua Sedge is abundant at Continue slashing in mowed areas to allow safe access to view the Kingfisher Lake. There is a wetlands. This will also prevent non-native grasses producing and thick patch of Para Grass to dispersing seed. A controlled burn of Para Grass and Sugar Cane the east of the wetland and a will suppress the infestation and provide an opportunity for native Para Grass and Sugar Cane Infestation small section of Sugar Cane species to germinate. Post burn, this area will be suitable for small (Saccharum sp.). Singapore scale plantings to supress reinfestation of weeds. Singapore Daisy is Daisy is present in scattered declared a Category 3 weed under the Biosecurity Act and should infestations. be the priority for control in this zone to prevent further spread. Fauna Habitat Turtles were observed within Establish a sand mound to encourage turtle breeding to the east of King Fisher Pool. There is a the wetland. Relocate dead trees and fallen logs into deep wetlands lack of fallen trees in deep to increase habitat for wetland birds, turtles and fish. Ensure that wetlands for bird and turtles to sand is free of weed seeds and logs are free of termites and ants reside. before relocation.

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Zone Comments Recommended Management Photograph Zone 4 Native There is an abundant cover of Monitor non-native infestations for potential outbreaks to ensure Regeneration saltmarsh plants including natural regeneration of native species continues. native succulents and sedges.

Salt marsh Area Weed Para Grass was present, and Regular monitoring of Para Grass infestations should occur to Management although it was not dominant ensure the infestation levels remain suppressed. Infestations should in this zone, it is be controlled with herbicide using a low pressure spay unit or via recommended that the hand weeding. Herbicide application should not occur within 3 m infestations are controlled. from waterbodies. Saturated steam control is an alternative method (where vehicle access permits).

20 NRA Environmental Consultants 2 September 2016 Cairns Regional Council Cattana Wetlands Vegetation Management Plan

Zone Comments Recommended Management Photograph Zone 5 Native No native revegetation is Continue to slash grass around native plantings. Regeneration required.

Weed A Para Grass infestation has Contain weed infestations to prevent further spread. A controlled Management established at the small lake in burn of the Para Grass in the dry season, with the intention of the southern section of Zone 5. promoting regrowth of native species, is recommended. Singapore Singapore Daisy is present in Daisy is declared a Category 3 weed under the Biosecurity Act and scattered infestations around should be the priority for control in this zone to prevent further Fairy Wren Lake. spread.

Para Grass infestation in southern section with Solanum torvum Zone 6 Native The community has expressed Revegetate small plots (5x5 m) with native grass tubestock, which Regeneration interest in maintaining this provide a food source for finches and other birds. Suitable grass area as grasslands to substitute species include, but are not limited to, Eragrostis elongata, the grass paddock north of the Heteropogon triticeus, Sarga plumosum and Setaria surgens. carpark which will become a Establish and maintain a 2-3 m wide walking track throughout the housing development. The zone to promote bird habitat and native grass species. Revegetation intention is to encourage grass of approximately 10 large trees, including Melaleuca leucadendra seed eating bird populations to and Corymbia tereticornis, will provide suitable habitat for bird the wetlands for bird watchers. roosting. The large gum tree (Corymbia tereticornis) adjacent to the track at the creek should be retained.

Slashed open area

NRA Environmental Consultants 21 2 September 2016 Cairns Regional Council Cattana Wetlands Vegetation Management Plan

Zone Comments Recommended Management Photograph Weed There are infestations of listed These weeds should be controlled and monitored via hand weeding, Management weeds including Sicklepod, low pressure herbicide application or via cutting and painting with Singapore Daisy and Balsam herbicide. Sicklepod is listed as a high priority to control under Pear (Momordica charantia). CRCPMP and is declared a Category 3 weed under the Biosecurity Act. It should be a priority action to control while there is only a scattered infestation. Singapore Daisy is declared a Category 3 weed under the Biosecurity Act and should be suppressed in this zone to prevent further spread. Zone 7 Native Favoured bird watching site. No further revegetation of trees is required. Regeneration

High weed infestation amongst revegetation Weed Control Singapore Daisy and Navua Sicklepod is listed as a high priority to control under CRCPMP and Sedge are abundant with spot is declared a Category 3 weed under the Biosecurity Act. It should infestations of Sicklepod. be a priority action to control while there is only a scattered Low priority annual weeds are infestation. Singapore Daisy is also declared a Category 3 weed also abundant amongst the under the Biosecurity Act and should be suppressed in this zone to revegetation. prevent further spread. Brushcutting weeds prior to setting seed is an effective alternative to herbicide. It is recommended that annual broadleaf and grass species are suppressed prior to setting seed.

22 NRA Environmental Consultants 2 September 2016 Cairns Regional Council Cattana Wetlands Vegetation Management Plan

Zone Comments Recommended Management Photograph Zone 8 Native Shallow pond with abundant Monitor the wetland, no revegetation required. Regeneration Frogmouth. The Crinum pedunculatum individuals, which are listed as Special Least Concern under the NC Act, at the eastern end of the One Day Pond should be retained and weeds managed to encourage the growth of these plants.

Frogmouth and sedges at One Day Pond Weed Control Para Grass is present in Monitor and contain Para Grass infestation to keep under control. scattered infestation. Hand weeding is recommended, where possible around the pond, to eliminate the risk of herbicide drift into the pond. Zone 9 Native Good location to excavate Zone 9 is recommended as a suitable location for future Regeneration shallow pond in low lying development and extension of the Cattana Wetlands. Excavation of areas which collect water. two shallow ephemeral wetlands should take place post controlled burn to suppress the current weed infestation and reduce biomass. One wetland is to occur at the western end (with similar vegetation to Zone 8) and the other at the eastern end (with similar vegetation to Zone 4). It is recommended that, prior to establishing a saltmarsh area in the eastern end of Zone 9, CRC consider hydrological factors associated with the site, particularly in relation to potential salt water intrusion to the sugar cane farm adjacent to the project area. If the proposed saltmarsh extension is found to be appropriate, an upgrade of the existing vehicle track (adjacent to the southern boundary of Zone 4) should include the installation of concrete pipes beneath an elevated track to facilitate and extend the tidal saltmarsh wetlands from Zone 4. A buffer zone should be Proposed site for future development of shallow wetland established along the southern end of the proposed eastern wetlands

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Zone Comments Recommended Management Photograph to avoid salt water intrusion to neighbouring paddocks utilised for sugar cane farming. Stockpiled earth from wetland excavation should be used to create an elevated platform to prevent saltwater intrusion and establish a suitable site to revegetate Melaleuca and Eucalypt trees for roosting birds such as Magpie Geese. Risks associated with interception of acid sulfate soils (ASS) or potential acid sulfate soils (PASS) should be considered during excavation activities, and appropriate management actions implemented. Weed Control A scattered infestation of American Rat’s Tail Grass is declared a Category 3 weed under the approximately 20 American Biosecurity Act and should be the priority for control in this zone Rat’s Tail Grass plants have while the infestation level is manageable. Brush cutting or slashing emerged within the western other annual weeds prior to setting seed is an effective alternative to section of the zone. Guinea herbicide and is recommended to suppress annual broadleaf and Grass is widespread grass species prior to setting seed. A controlled burn is an effective throughout the area in thick technique to control weeds in this open area but should be followed patches. up with weed control techniques and revegetation to suppress re- infestation of weeds within the seed bank. Guinea grass infestations should be monitored and contained to prevent increased infestation levels. Zone 10 Native Four Ant Plants were Revegetation is recommended in the gap of riparian vegetation to Regeneration observed. There is an stabilise the bank and prevent erosion during high rainfall and king established population of tides. Suitable species to use in the revegetation project are mature riparian vegetation on included in Appendix A under the sub heading Zone 10. This list the southern bank of Avondale was compiled from identifying species currently established in this Creek, excluding an zone. approximately 50 m section.

Proposed revegetation site to fill gap in riparian vegetation

24 NRA Environmental Consultants 2 September 2016 Cairns Regional Council Cattana Wetlands Vegetation Management Plan

Zone Comments Recommended Management Photograph Weed Control The majority of this zone is It is recommended that the biomass of Sugar Cane is reduced to the remainder of a former commence regeneration of the area. The biomass can be reduced sugar cane plantation. using harvesting machinery followed by a controlled burn and Saccharum sp. (Sugar Cane) is revegetation of large trees. Revegetation should include tree species the dominant species in this already established and listed in Appendix A under the sub heading zone, covering over 80% of Zone 10. the area. High infestation Sicklepod is listed as a high priority to control under CRCPMP and levels of Singapore Daisy and is declared a Category 3 weed under the Biosecurity Act. It should Para Grass are also present be a priority action to control while there is only a scattered and are the dominant ground infestation. Singapore Daisy is also declared a Category 3 weed cover between Avondale under the Biosecurity Act and should be suppressed in this zone to Creek and the remaining Sugar prevent further spread. It was observed that the Singapore Daisy Cane plants. infestation is currently suppressing the Para Grass. Control of Singapore Daisy should be followed by activities aimed at suppressing Para Grass.

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6. References

AWC 2007. Australian Weeds Strategy – A national strategy for weed management in Australia. Natural Resource Management Ministerial Council, Commonwealth of Australia.

CRC 2015-2018. Cairns Regional Council Pest Management Plan 2015-2018. Prepared by Cairns Regional Council.

CRC 2016. Things to do – Cattana Wetlands – History, viewed 3 August 2016. Accessed online: http://www.cairns.qld.gov.au/region/things-to-do/cattana-wetlands

DAF 2016. Biosecurity Act 2014 - Biosecurity matter, reporting requirements and restricted place, restricted matter. Prepared by Queensland Government Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, viewed 2 August 2016. https://www.daf.qld.gov.au/biosecurity/about-biosecurity/biosecurity-act-2014/biosecurity- matter/restricted-matter

DNRM 2016. Vegetation management report for lot: 2 Plan: SP268644. Current as at 20/07/2016. Queensland Government. Department of Natural Resources and Mines.

Queensland Herbarium, 2015. Regional Ecosystem Description Database (REDD). Version 9.0 (April 2015). DSITI, Brisbane.

Jago, B 2008. Preliminary Report on the Vegetation of the Cattana Wetlands Smithfield. Cairns Regional Council.

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Appendix A: Native plants recorded at Cattana Wetlands 21 July 2016, and their conservation status

Cairns Regional Council Cattana Wetlands Vegetation Management Plan

Native plants recorded at Cattana Wetlands 21 July 2016, and their conservation status1 EPBC Scientific Name Common Name NC Act3 Act2 Zone 1 fitzalanii sub sp. fitzalanii - LC Cerbera manghas Sea Mango - LC Ficus racemose - LC Glochidion philippicum Little Cheese Tree - LC Macaranga tanarius - LC Melaleuca leucadendra Weeping Paper Bark - LC Melia azedarach - LC Nauclea orentalis Leichhardt Tree - LC Terminalia microcarpa Damson - LC Zone 2 Acacia mangium Mangrove Fern - LC Acrostichum speciosum Weeping Paper Bark - LC Imperata cylindrica Blady Grass - LC Dillenia alata Broad-leaved Paperbark - LC Macaranga tanarius Black Wattle - LC Melaleuca leucadendra Red Beech - LC Melaleuca quinquenervia Broad-leaved Paperbark - LC Terminalia microcarpa Damson - LC Zone 3 Melaleuca quinquenervia Broad-leaved Paperbark - LC Merremia hederacea - LC Periscaria sp. - LC Zone 4 Acrostichum speciosum Mangrove Fern - LC Cyperus polystachyos - LC Fimbristylis dichotoma - LC Hibiscus tiliaceus - LC Melaleuca quinquenervia Broad-leaved Paperbark - LC Sesuvium portulacastrum Sea Purslane - LC Zone 5 Acacia crassicarpa - LC Acacia flavescens - LC Acacia mangium Black Wattle - LC Aleurites rockinghamensis - LC Alphitonia excelsa - LC Corymbia ptychocarpa - LC Corymbia tereticornis - LC Corymbia tessellaris Moreton Bay Ash - LC Hibiscus tiliaceus - LC

NRA Environmental Consultants Appendix A 1 2 September 2016 Cairns Regional Council Cattana Wetlands Vegetation Management Plan

EPBC Scientific Name Common Name NC Act3 Act2 Ludwigia octovalvis - LC Macaranga tanarius - LC Melaleuca leucadendra Weeping Paper Bark - LC Periscaria sp. - LC Trema tomentosa - LC Zone 6 Acrostichum speciosum Mangrove Fern - LC Albizia procera - LC Alphitonia excelsa - LC Corymbia tereticornis - LC Ficus opposita - LC Hibiscus tiliaceus - LC Macaranga tanarius - LC Melaleuca leucadendra Weeping Paper Bark - LC Melaleuca quinquenervia Broad-leaved Paperbark - LC Nauclea orentalis Leichhardt Tree - LC Zone 7 Alstonia scholaris Milky Pine - LC Archontophoenix alexandrae Alexandra Palm - LC Brachychiton acerifolius Illawarra Flame Tree - LC Cerbera manghas Sea Mango - LC Glochidion philippicum Little Cheese Tree - LC Lophostemon suaveolens Swamp Box - LC Macaranga tanarius - LC Melaleuca quinquenervia Broad-leaved Paperbark - LC Melaleuca viminalis Weeping bottlebrush - LC Morinda citrifolia Cheese Fruit - LC Zone 8 Acacia mangium Black Wattle - LC Atractocarpus fitzalanii sub sp. fitzalanii - LC Canarium australianum var. australianum - LC Crinum pedunculatum - LC Lophostemon suaveolens Swamp Box - LC Philydrum lanuginosum - LC Zone 9 Cyperus polystachyos - LC Melaleuca viridflora - LC Zone 10 Acacia mangium Black Wattle - LC Canarium australianum var. australianum - LC Clerodendrum inerme - LC Dillenia alata Red Beech - LC

2 Appendix A NRA Environmental Consultants 2 September 2016 Cairns Regional Council Cattana Wetlands Vegetation Management Plan

EPBC Scientific Name Common Name NC Act3 Act2 Ficus racemosa - LC Ficus variegata - LC Flindersia ifflaiana - LC Hibiscus tiliaceus - LC Homalanthus novoguineensis - LC Leea indica - LC Lomandra longifolia - LC Lophostemon suaveolens Swamp Box - LC Melaleuca leucadendra Weeping Paper Bark - LC Millettia pinnata - LC Morinda citrifolia Cheese Fruit - LC Myrmecodia beccarii Ant Plant V V Nauclea orentalis Leichhardt Tree - LC Pandanus solmslaubachii Pandanus Palm - LC Premna serratifolia Creek Premna - LC Schoenoplectus sp. - LC Semecarpus australiensis Native Cashew - LC Terminalia microcarpa Damson - LC Xanthostemon chrysanthus - LC 1 This list is not intended as a complete species list, rather a list of representative native species observed within the study site 2 Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. CE = Critically Endangered, E = Endangered, V = Vulnerable. 3 Nature Conservation Act 1992. E = Endangered, V = Vulnerable, NT = Near Threatened, LC = Least Concern.

NRA Environmental Consultants Appendix A 3 2 September 2016

Appendix B: Non-native plants (weeds) recorded at Cattana Wetlands 21 July 2016, and their status

Cairns Regional Council Cattana Wetlands Vegetation Management Plan

Non-native plants (weeds) recorded at Cattana Wetlands 21 July 2016, and their status1 Scientific Name Common Name WoNS2 CRC PMP3 B Act4 Zone 1 - - - - - Zone 2 Cyperus aromaticus Navua Sedge - M - Crotalaria pallida Streaked Rattlepod - L - Mimosa pudica Common Sensitive Plant - M - Megathyrsus maximus Guinea Grass - - - Sphagneticola trilobata Singapore daisy - M 3 Urochloa mutica Para Grass - M - Zone 3 Cardiospermum halicacabum Balloon Vine - - - Cyperus aromaticus Navua Sedge - M - Saccharum sp. Sugar Cane - - - Sphagneticola trilobata Singapore daisy - M 3 Urochloa mutica Para Grass - M - Zone 4 Alternanthera denticulata Lesser Joyweed - L - Solanum nigrum Blackberry Nightshade - L - Urochloa mutica Para Grass - M - Zone 5 Megathyrsus maximus Guinea Grass - - - Sphagneticola trilobata Singapore daisy - M 3 Solanum torvum Devil's Fig - L - Urochloa mutica Para Grass - M - Hyptis capitata Knob Weed - L - Zone 6 Chloris inflata Purpletop Rhodes Grass - - - Cleome spinosa Spider Flower - - - Luffa aegyptiaca Smooth Luffa - - - Megathyrsus maximus Guinea Grass - - - Momordica charantia Bitter Melon / Balsam Pear - M - Senna obtusifolia Sicklepod - H 3 Sphagneticola trilobata Singapore daisy - M 3 Synedrella nodiflora Cinderella Weed - - - Urena lobata Urena burr - L - Zone 7 Cardiospermum halicacabum Balloon Vine - - - Cyperus aromaticus Navua Sedge - M - Euphorbia heterophylla Milk Weed - L - Passiflora foetida Stinking Passionfruit - L -

NRA Environmental Consultants Appendix B 1 2 September 2016 Cairns Regional Council Cattana Wetlands Vegetation Management Plan

Scientific Name Common Name WoNS2 CRC PMP3 B Act4 Senna obtusifolia Sicklepod - H 3 Sphagneticola trilobata Singapore daisy - - - Zone 8 Cardiospermum halicacabum Balloon Vine - - - Chloris inflata Purpletop Rhodes Grass - - - Cleome spinosa Spider Flower - - - Megathyrsus maximus Guinea Grass - - - Urochloa mutica Para Grass - M - Zone 9 Ipomea hederifolia Red Convolvulus - M - Megathyrsus maximus Guinea Grass - - - Neonotonia wightii Glycine - M - Solanum torvum Devil's Fig - L - Sphagneticola trilobata Singapore daisy - - - Sporobolus jacquemontii American Rat’s Tail Grass - M 3 Zone 10 Cardiospermum halicacabum Balloon Vine - - - Megathyrsus maximus Guinea Grass - - - Senna alata Candle Bush - M - Senna obtusifolia Sicklepod - H 3 Saccharum Sp. Sugar Cane - - - Sphagneticola trilobata Singapore daisy - M 3 Urochloa mutica Para Grass - M - 1 This list is not intended as a complete species list, rather a list of representative non-native species observed within the study site 2 WoNS = Weeds of National Significance; Status as of July 2016. 3 CRC PMP = ‘Cairns Regional Council Pest Management Plan 2015 – 2018’ (CRC 2015-2018). H = High priority species deemed as 20 most serious pests and are the target of control efforts; M = Medium level; L = Low level. 4 B Act = Queensland Biosecurity Act 2014 (categories comprise of category 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 & 7).

2 Appendix B NRA Environmental Consultants 2 September 2016 Cairns Office: Level 1, 320 Sheridan Street, PO Box 5678 Cairns QLD 4870 P: 61 7 4034 5300 F: 61 7 4034 5301

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