DMR-QIMG EXCURSION GUIDE BOOK ON COASTAL CHANGE FOR EASTERN ECONOMIC CORRIDOR DEVELOPMENT

7th- 8th August 2019 Eastern Region, THAILAND

Prepared by Geological Resources Conservation and Management Division, DMR P a g e | 1

CONTENTS

DMR-QIMG excursion programme 2 INTRODUCTION 3 EEC Background 3 Development Goals 3 Infrastructure Overview 5 CORE DEVELOPMENT AREAS 5 U-Tapao Airport 5 The High Speed Train 6 Sattahip Commercial Port 6 Laem Chabang Deep Sea Port 7 Map Ta Phut Port 7 The double-track rail lines 7 Geology of Eastern Region, Thailand 8 Stratigraphy 8 Coastal change along the Gulf of Thailand coast 10 Excursion route to the east coast of the Gulf of Thailand 12 Stop 1. Thai Island and Sea National History Museum 13 Stop 2. Sang Chan Beach coastal Protection 15 Stop 3. Phala Cliff Beach degradation 18 Stop 4. GISTDA (Geo-informatics and Space Technology Development Agency) Space Inspirium Exhibition 19 Stop 5. Laem Chabang Deep Sea Port Development 21 Stop 6. Pattaya Beach Nourishment 22

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EXCURSION PROGRAMME

7th August 2019

07.00-08.30 Breakfast at Ravindra Beach Resort and Spa, 1st Floor, Pattaya 08.30-09.15 Depart for Stop 1 09.15-11.00 Stop 1. Thai Island and Sea National History Museum 11.00-11.30 View coastal landform at Khao Ma Cho by the end of museum 11.30-12.00 Depart for Rayong River Mouth 12.00-13.30 Lunch at Laem Charoen Restaurant, Rayong Beach 13.30-13.40 Depart for Stop 2 13.40-14.15 Stop 2. Had Sang Chan, Coastal Protection 14.15-14.45 Depart for Stop 3 14.45-15.30 Stop 3. Ban Phala Cliff Beach Degradation 15.30-16.30 Depart for Ravindra Beach Resort and Spa, Pattaya 18.00-20.00 Dinner at Precha Restaurant, Ban Amphoe 8th August 2019 07.00-08.00 Breakfast at Ravindra Beach Resort and Spa, 1st Floor, Pattaya 08.00-09.15 Depart for Stop 4 09.15-11.30 Stop 4. GISTDA, Space Inspirium, Sriracha District 11.30-12.00 Depart for Sriracha 12.00-13.00 Lunch at Mum Aroi Sriracha Restaurant 13.00-13.40 Depart for Stop 5 13.40-14.30 Stop 5. Laem Chabang Deep Sea Harbor 14.30-15.15 Depart for Stop 6 15.15-16.00 Stop 6. Pattaya Beach Nourishment 16.00-17.00 Depart for at Ravindra Beach Resort and Spa 18.00-20.00 Dinner at Rimpa Lapin Restaurant, Baan Amphoe

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INTRODUCTION EEC Background The Eastern Economic Corridor (EEC) Development Plan under scheme of Thailand 4.0 aiming to revitalize and enhancing of the well-known Eastern Seaboard Development Program that had supported Thailand as a powerhouse for industrial production in Thailand for over 30 years. Under this initiative, the Eastern Economic Corridor Office of Thailand (the EECO) has been assigned to drive the country’s investment in up-lifting innovation and advanced technology for the future generation. The EEC Development Plan will lead a significant development and transformation of Thailand’s investment in physical and social infrastructure in the area. The EEC project will, initially, be focused in 3 eastern provinces namely Chachoengsao, Chonburi and Rayong. Regarding this, the EEC Policy committee is the primary Royal Thai Government collective force chaired by Prime Minister of Thailand.

Development Goals Given that the economy is one of the most important bases for the development of any nation, growth facilitated by strong developmental structure can be viewed as the cost or fertilizer required to allow such developments to flourish. Over the past decades, Thailand has seen little investment in large-scale projects, a situation which has been the case since the “Eastern Seaboard” era, which changed the course of Thailand’s economic strongholds from agriculture to more industry-oriented focuses. P a g e | 4

Be this as it may, global trends of industry have begun to shift directions and this, importantly, is the spark which prompted Thailand’s necessity to re-envision and enhance the nation. These changes will allow Thailand to better survive and lay the foundation for a new era of prosperity. Today, the Eastern Economic Corridor Development Project (EEC) has risen as a new large-scale investment, which sets its sights on new and unprecedented levels of development under the “Thailand 4.0” initiative. In attempts to best achieve these goals, it was deemed necessary to launch a pilot project in three provinces of Thailand, namely, Chachoengsao, Chonburi, and Rayong. These designations of land for the project are coupled with strong recognition of targeted industries, which were selected and promoted due to their ability to increase investment potentials, facilitate development of economically significant activities, and to provide better facilities in the designated promotional zones. These industries will also place special focus on human resource development and acquisition and development of new technologies, thus providing a more sustainable vision of Thailand. In addition, The Policy Committee of the Eastern Economic Corridor has adopted resolutions as of the 1/2560 meeting on April 5th, 2017, which lays out 8 implementation programmes for EEC regional development. Each of the programmes link together and provide for well-implemented regional development of the EEC in a manner which is just and sustainable in every dimension.

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The 8 implementation programmes for EEC development are as follows: 1. The EEC Infrastructure Development Implementation Programme 2. The EEC Targeted Industries Development Implementation Programme 3. The EEC Human Resource, Education, Research, and Technology Development Implementation Programme 4. The EEC Tourism Development and Promotion Implementation Programme 5. The EEC New City and Community Development Programme 6. The EEC Business Hub and Finance Hub Development Implementation Programme 7. The EEC PR and Mass Engagement Implementation Programme 8. The EEC Agriculture, Irrigation, and Environment Implementation Programme

Infrastructure Overview The EEC is an organization which focuses on the implementation of infrastructural development projects and seamless operation of transportation in providing vital linkages for air, land, rail and sea routes. In doing so it bolsters competitive abilities in offering reduced transportation times and considerably cheaper costs.

CORE DEVELOPMENT AREAS U-Tapao Airport

This project has received approval for public private partnerships in developing the U-Tapao International Airport as a part of the U-Tapao and Eastern Airport City project. PPP investment was deemed necessary so as to facilitate continuous development of the airport and many various activities including: construction readiness and serviced maintenance of the Terminal 3 building, as well as the Commercial Gateway, Phase II Air Cargo, Phase II Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul services, Phase II Aviation Training Center, and the Free Trade Zone. P a g e | 6

The High Speed Train

The High-Speed Rail Linked 3 Airport Project Project Description The High-Speed Rail Linked 3 Airport Project makes use of existing structures and routes as seen in the form of an airport rail link system. Expansions will see the implementation of standard gauge 1.435-meter tracks with 2 new connecting routes from the Phaya Thai – Don Muang route as well as the Lad Krabang – U- Tapao (Rayong) route offering ease of access to and from the airports. These expansions will largely make use of existing routes from the State Railway of Thailand and in total comprise 220 km. of seamless railway routes. Urban line within Bangkok will see slower speeds of 160 km/hr. (Don Muang Station to Suvarnabhumi Station) while intercity line will reach a maximum speed of 250 km/hr. (Suvarnabhumi Station to U-Tapao Station). This system comprises 9 high- speed stations, namely, Don Muang, Bang Sue, Makkasan, Suvarnabhumi, Chachoengsao, Chonburi, Sriracha, Pattaya, and U-Tapao. Currently, the government signed the contract with bidding winner company. Sattahip Commercial Port

Recent transformations means this port can facilitate world-class modern cruise ships. It also supports a successful shipbuilding and oil rig assembly industry. P a g e | 7

Laem Chabang Deep Sea Port

Laem Chabang Port Phase III will place it in a better position to accept the future demands of international sea freight and transportation industries. This expansion will see the creation of a deep seaport and many other facilities including the implementation of a single rail transfer operator (SRTO), the construction of a larger Port A, and the renovation of many facilities so as to alleviate internal traffic problems ranging from networking to transportation systems. The renovations and expansions of the Laem Chabang port will better prepare it for linkage with habour-external transportation systems and an increased volume of various shipping vessels. Map Ta Phut Port

Map Ta Phut Industrial Port Phase III will see enhancements to existing infrastructure to better facilitate shipment of natural gas and raw fluid material for the petrochemical industry. The double-track rail lines

The double-track rail lines will connect industrial zones nationwide. It also connects to Laem Chabang, Map Ta Phut, and our new Sattahip deep sea port.

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Geology of Eastern Region, Thailand General Geology of Eastern Thailand covering Chonburi Rayong Chantaburi and Trad provinces consists of distinctive subparallel mountain ranges lying in NW-SE trending and follow the major structural setting of the region. This region lies in a mobile belt which has been affected by many cycles of orogenic activities as suggest by the high-grade metamorphic of the basement complex in the west and series of calcareous, arenaceous and argillaceous sedimentary rocks ranging in age from lower Paleozoic to Mesozoic distributed from west to east direction respectively. (Figure 1.) Stratigraphy The geological stratigraphy from the oldest to the youngest rocks can be classified as follow; Pre Cambrian formation were distributed at the west part of the region. The rocks compose of high grade metamorphic rocks such as quartz-mica schist, quartz kyanite schist, amphibolite schist, biotite-diopside gneiss, hornblende- diopside gneiss, biotite gneiss, biotite-hornblende gneiss, biotite-feldspar-quartz gneiss, marble, calc-silicate and amphibolite. They are generally known as inferred Precambrian age. There is no apparent contact between the inferred Precambrian rocks and Lower Paleozoic sequences in the region. The Cambro-Ordovician unit is characterized by quartzite, quartz-schist, slate and sandstone interbedded with dark gray argillaceous limestone. They crop out mainly in the western hills along the coast line from Chonburi to Sattahip and occur in the offshore islands. The Silurian-Devonian rocks crop out mainly in the central part of the region on the east flank of the major anticlinal structure and they are apparently overly the Precambrian by an angular unconformity. In general, this unit is characterized by metasedimentary rocks of quartz-mica schist and quartzite prevailing in the lower sequence and slate, phyllite slaty shale, sandstone interbedded with tuffaceous sandstone and chert bed with nautiloid fossils of the Middle Silurian age successively overlying in the upper sequence. Carboniferous formation distribute on the eastern part of the region. They are mainly conglomerate, quartzite, siltstone, sandstone with fossils of brachiopod and bryozoa. They are overlain by the upper sequence of shale which is partly interbedded with chert, quartzite, dark gray limestone, tuffaceous sandstone and andesitic tuff. Carboniferous-Permian formation of Chonburi Group is the sedimentary sequence distributed all over the eastern part of Thailand. The Group can be subdivided into 3 formations namely Sriracha formation, Pluta Luang formation and Dhammarat formation. The rocks compose of conglomerate tuffaceous shale, chert, pebbly sandstone, mudstone and sandstone.

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Figure 1. Geologic Map of Eastern Thailand (Excerpted from 1:1,000,000 Geologic Map of Thailand, DMR, 1999)

The Permian rocks mainly occur in the eastern part of the region. They are distributed between Prachinburi and Chonburi provinces and extend eastward to the Thai-Cambodia border. The lower part is characterized by volcanic micaceous sandstone interbedded with conglomerate shale and chert bed with limestone lens containing volcanic rock fragments and fusulinids. In contrast with the upper part of the unit it contains a predominantly massive limestone facies. Permo-Triassic formation distributes along the east part of Bo Thong district, Chonburi Province. The rocks compose of shale, sandstone, siltstone, slate and metamorphose tuff. Oolitic limestone bed may alternated within the sequence. Triassic formation mudstone alternated with siltstone and arkosic sandstone in light brown and dark gray colors. P a g e | 10

Granite batholith on the eastern coast of the Gulf of Thailand compose of adamelite with hornblende-biotite granite. Uniform grain and two type grain with age ranging 245-210 my (Burton and Bignell, 1966) in Chonburi and gneissic granite in Rayong. Small scattered intrusive basic body of Permian age crop out in the eastern part of the region at Amphoe Sa Kaeo, Prachinburi province. The rocks consist mainly of pyroxenite, gabbro and serpentinite. Magnesite is the main associated mineral occurring. The extrusive basaltic rocks are limited in Chanthaburi and Trad provinces. They occurred as scattered small body or plugs in the western part of the region. Basaltic flow at east of Chanthaburi was dated by fission track method as 2.57 Ma (Carbonnel et. al., 1972). The basal of this region have been known as the sources of sapphire and ruby of gem quality. Quaternary sediments can be subdivided into 7 units as intertidal clay unit, floodplain sand, silt and clay unit, fluvial sand and clay unit, recent beach sand unit, colluvial gravel, sand and laterite unit, high terrace gravel and clay unit and residual sand, silt and clay with rock fragment unit.

Coastal change along the Gulf of Thailand coast The Gulf of Thailand is a continental shelf sea of the South China Sea. It comprises the territorial waters of 3 bordering countries. The coastline is stretched like a horseshoe, extending from the Thai-Malaysian border northward to the Upper Gulf and turning toward the east to reach the Thai-Cambodia border. The total length of the coast is approximately 1,700 kilometers, with 17 provincial coastal areas. Many large rivers which discharge into the Gulf of Thailand have made its coasts in many ways important from the past to present. Sea-level changes during 6,000-800 B.P. resulted in the deposition of marine sediments in inland areas. These deposits are characterized by coastal geomorphology of beach sands, sand dunes, lagoons, marsh and tidal flats vegetated with mangrove forest. The coastal areas represent a rather dynamic environment. In the past, this environment was only changed by natural processes but recently it is changed by both natural processes as well as human activities. The changing coastlines have a strong impact on the environment and on social and economic conditions within the coastal societies. Coastal change, in particular coastal erosion, is a geological hazard which occurs continuously and has a trend of increasing magnitude. According to this concern the present study project on coastal change was conducted along the coasts of the Gulf of Thailand between1998-2000 (Sinsakul et. al., 2000). In this study the different types of coasts and their related changing phenomena are based on geologic data while the rates of change per year are compiled from physical changes as well as from negative impacts on the societies in each coastal zone. P a g e | 11

THE IMPACT OF COASTAL EROSION

INNER GULF eroded of 82 kms from 122 kms. (67.2%)

EAST COAST WEST COAST eroded 65 kms eroded of 327 from 485 kms kms from 1095 (13.4 %). kms (29.9 %).

ANDAMAN COAST eroded of 100 kms from 900 kms (12 %). The results of the study reveal that there are many evidences of coastal change along the Gulf of Thailand. Severe erosion with rates of more than 5 m per year occur along a distance of 181 km or about 11% of the total coastline. Moderate erosion with rates between 1-5 m per year comprise about 302 km or 18% of the coast. Depositional coastlines exist along 127 km or 8% of the total coastal length. The remaining 63% describe a stable coast with seasonal changes and recovered by natural processes. According to this study, coastal change is documented at an overall length of 610 km or 37% of the total coastline in the Gulf of Thailand. Erosional impacts are found in every provinces along the coasts of the Gulf of Thailand. Erosion of the sandy beaches is usually seen in coastal areas in the eastern and western parts of the Gulf which are developed for the tourism This evidence indicates a strong human induced factor to coastal change besides factors related to geology or to sea-level rise in context with global warming. Protection measures against the erosional processes in the Gulf of Thailand should have a careful assessment with regard to their engineering design and structure.

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Excursion route for 7th-8th August 2019 the coastal change of the Eastern Corridor Development, Thailand

Stop 1. Thai Island and Sea National History Museum, Sattahip, Chonburi Province Stop 2. Sang Chan Beach Coastal protection, Rayong Province

Stop 3. Ban Phala Cliff Coast, Map Ta Phut, Rayong Stop 4. GISTDA, Sriracha, Chonburi Province Stop 5. Laem Chabang Deep Sea Port, Sriracha, Chonburi Province Stop 6. Pattaya beach nourishment, Bang Lamung, Chonburi Province

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Stop 1. Thai Island and Sea National History Museum Thai Island and Sea National History Museum (Khao Ma Cho) is located at Samae San, Sattahip, Chonburi. 12°36'09.9"N 100°57'00.4"E

It is a museum that provides the knowledge about the coastal ecosystem and the marine resource with a variety of activities apart from the exhibition within 5 halls. There is diving to see the corals, getting on a glass-bottom boat, and riding a bicycle to see the nature, etc. At the opposite point of Khao Samae San, there is an area about 16 rai with a building that climbs up the mountain to the mountain top to see the panorama view and the depth of the sea. It aims for the audiences to see the beauty of the sea, come up with imagination, and delighted to preserve the national resources according to the royal thought in the subject about the museum. It is considered that Thai Island and Sea National History Museum is an international museum to be called NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM, which is the first place to collect and exhibit the natural objects in terms of geology, botany, and marine animal science in Thailand. P a g e | 14

Hall 5

Hall 4 Hall 3 Hall 2 Hall 1

Figure showing 5 Exhibition Halls from foot hill to top of the hill Exhibition Hall 1: The Great Honor Exhibition Hall 2: The Philosophers' Collaboration Exhibition Hall 3: Always Learn, Be smart Exhibition Hall 4: The Building of Destroying Bad Things Exhibition Hall 5: To Protect Thai Sea's Potentials

The exhibition content in the museum, including botanical garden and nature trail on Kho Samae San is compiled from the discovery results of Thai islands in Plant Genetic Conservation Project Under the Royal Initiation of the navy according to the royal process of “discovering from the mountain top to under the water” by the faculty of science or academics from various branches and institutions who devote themselves for joint operation in the Project and had brought the sample and research about species of plants, animals, soil, rocks, and mineral to exhibit and later, there will be additional adjustment in the appropriate occasion. Regarding the biological and physical resources in the real nature, apart from seeing the sample in the Thai Island and Sea National History Museum, you have to take a walk to top of the mountain to see the coastal landform and environment of sea & land transition. There is a limitation in visiting this section; maybe only for researchers and those who have reasonable reasons in the study of natural environment.

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Stop 2. Sang Chan Beach coastal protection COASTAL EROSION RISK AREAS OF THAILAND

1. CRITICAL RISK AREAS = 3 LOCATIONS 2. MODERATE RISK AREAS = 10 LOCATIONS 3. LOW RISK AREAS = 17 LOCATIONS

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Rayong Coastal change map clearly show moderately erosion (1-5 meters per year) in green line and severely erosion (over 5 meters per year) in red line. The area is considered as critical risk area of the country because highly populate and dense industrial plants. The construction of Mab Ta Phut Deep Sea Harbor caused the degradation of sea resort into barren land. Near shore fishing also had an impact due to decreasing of marine life and sea water contamination.

Past and Present of Beach areas, East of Deep Sea Harbor

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Mab Ta Phut Harbor constructed and operated in 1992 and caused the severe beach erosion on the east side of the harbor along Sang Chan Sea resort. The Industrial Estate Authority of Thailand has been taken measure for the impact with endless solving problem because they tried to use engineering structures to prevent the beach erosion. However, the erosion persist by relocation the hot spots. As show in the picture, several structures were used. In summary, the impact on Thai coast were caused by Natural processes and Human activities.

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Stop 3. Phala Cliff Beach Degradation

Based on Geomorphology pattern and relief of the Terrain, Rayong coastal area were subdivided into 4 main geomorphic map units; Coastal plain, Alluvial plain, Terraces and Mountains and hills (Sinsakul and Chaimanee, 1982). Ban Phala Cliff Beach was an exposure of fluviatile deposition of stiff clayey silty gravelly sand overly on high terrace clayey gravel which clearly shows an angular grain shape. This cliff is continuing collapse due to the effect of Monsoon season. At the beach front, the erosion takes place regarding the deposition of coastal sediment due to the Deep Sea Harbor reclamation.

Map show type of sediments

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Stop 4. GISTDA, Space Inspirium, Sriracha District Thailand has been involved in satellite remote sensing since the launch of NASA ERTS-1 Programme in 1971 through Thailand Remote Sensing Programme (TRSP) under the National Research Council of Thailand (NRCT). In 1979, TRSP was elevated to become one of the NRCT's division, namely Thailand Remote Sensing Center (TRSC). TRSC serviced and promoted utilization of remote sensing data for management of natural resources and environment in Thailand In order to enhance the utilization in remote sensing and GIS, Geo- Informatics and Space Technology Development Agency (Public Organization): GISTDA was established on November 3, 2000 as a public organization which assumes all responsibilities and activities for space technology and geo- informatics applications.

SPACE INSPIRIUM at Sriracha, a learning center that engendered inspiration to the audience, leading to imagination beyond all knowledge. The exhibition composes of 13 sections.

Zone 1 Universe; Exhibit the origin of the Universe which will provide the answer through a hologram video presentation on why there is living things on our planet. What factor makes living things survive on Earth? And why aren’t we floating away from Earth? Zone 2 Historical Technology of Space; Exhibit about evolution of going into the space since the beginning of the Age of the Sages, an early space pioneer, and the age of technology of Space. Enjoy the mission of sending a space craft and satellite into an orbit in Space Mission Game.

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Zone 3 Life Begins to Space; Get ready to go out into the space. What factors are being concerned when traveling into outer space? After being out in the space, how will our body react? For example, body and gravity, including experience the Gyroscope, a machine imitating the gravity resistance which is used for astronaut training. Zone 4 Space Station; Showing life in space; living in International Space Station: ISS, and the research in space, including how to carry out mission in space gloves. Zone 5 Space 3D Theater; A storytelling of space adventure through a couple of father and son. Building curiosity about space, seeing the foster from generation to generation, creating inspiration to attract people’s interest about space, and reinforce imagination and learning more about space. Zone 6 Satellite; Exhibit about satellite, type, and orbit of satellite, including satellite building, mission to Mars, and astonished with our world that has satellites circulating around. Zone 7 Geo Informatics; Getting to know Geo Informatics in everyday life which emphasize that it feels close to home for us. Zone 8 Remote Sensing; Exhibit about Remote Sensing technology, energy and radiation, Electromagnetic Energy, Spectral Reflectance, details of picture, information analyze, and also infrared camera used for looking through body or other objects and then show the thermal result. Zone 9 Global Navigation Satellite System; Getting to know Global Navigation Satellite System. Enjoy the Tracking Game that the player will play as an officer who is in charge of guarding the city. And if an incident occurs, which route will the player use to solve the problem. Zone 10 Geographic Information Systems; Geographic Information Systems, analyzing process, and an experimental of making 3D map. Zone 11 GISTDA My House; similarly imitating an aspect of interested locations.

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Stop 5. Laem Chabang Deep Sea Port Development

The Laem Chabang Port is a deep-sea port built for the transportation of international cargo, and occupies 1,015 hectares (2,506 acres, 6,340 rai) of area, and built the Laem Chabang Port Phase I and Phase II which offer the following terminals and berths:

 11 container berths (A0, A2, A3, B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, C1, C2, C3)  1 cruise/passenger and/or Ro-Ro terminal (A1)  1 Ro-Ro berth (A5)  1container and general goods Ro-Ro berth (C0)  1 general bulk goods terminal (A4)  1 repair and maintenance shipyard terminal Remarks: excluding terminal D which is under construction, the first phase is estimated to open in mid-2018. Presently, as of 2015, over 7 million containers and 1 million cars are transported through the Laem Chabang Port on a yearly basis. This means that Laem Chabang functions at about 70% of the approximately 11 million containers and 2 million cars which are shipped in the world’s largest port. Laem Chabang port is now a key of EEC Development Plan. The office of deep sea port will explain at observation tower.

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Stop 6. Pattaya beach nourishment

Pattaya Beach is the famous sea resort in Eastern Thailand with severe erosion problem due to the tourism booming since Vietnam War. Sinsakul et.al., 2000 studied the coastal change of Thailand and reported that the beach along the road connecting Southern Pattaya to Northern Pattaya was eroded with the rate of 2 meter per year or disappear 20 meters within the last 10 years. The Marine Department hired a contractor to improve the landscape and extend the beach under a beach "nourishment" scheme after a survey highlighted major erosion along the 2.7 km Pattaya beach, from the northern end to the southern. So far, the beach has been expanded with the addition of extra sand along a distance of 2.7 km, starting from the northern end, both restoring and widening it. This was taking sand from Koh Rang Kwian, an island about 10 km from nearby Koh Larn. It has the same kind of sand as Pattaya and is not a tourist island. About 360,000 cubic meters of sand are required for the 2.8 km project, which ranges from the Dusit Thani Hotel in North Pattaya to Walking Street at the southern end of the city. Overall, it is planned to increase the beach width to 60 meters, and is aimed at combating natural erosion. The beach's restoration was originally scheduled to begin in late September 2016 and be completed in March 2017. However, the 429-million-baht beach restoration scheme was completed in 2018.

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This Guidebook prepared by Niran CHAIMANEE Suvapak IMSAMUT Sirirat PULKASEM

https://www.rayonghip.com

Department of Mineral Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment 75/10 Rama VI Road, Ratchatewi, Bangkok 10400 Tel: 66 2621 9817-19, Fax: 66 6221 9820, www.dmr.go.th