DOCSLIB.ORG

Party System Institutionalization and Party System Theory After the Third Wave of Democratization*

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Party System Institutionalization and Party System Theory After the Third Wave of Democratization* 19-Katz-3336-Ch-18.qxd 11/22/2005 8:19 PM Page 204 18 PARTY SYSTEM INSTITUTIONALIZATION AND PARTY SYSTEM THEORY AFTER THE THIRD WAVE OF DEMOCRATIZATION* Scott Mainwaring and Mariano Torcal The main argument of this chapter is that the analyze two empirical manifestations of the level of institutionalization is a critical dimen- variable strength of party roots in society. First, sion for understanding party systems. Until the considerable theoretical and comparative liter- mid-1990s, the literature on parties and party ature presupposes that programmatic or systems neglected this fact, as most work on ideological linkages are at the root of stable these subjects implicitly assumed a high level of linkages between voters and parties. In these institutionalization of the party system. Yet theories, voters choose a party or candidate on without focusing on institutionalization, it is the basis of their ideological or programmatic impossible to account for important characteris- preferences. In most post-1978 democracies tics of party systems in most post-1978 democ- and semi-democracies, however, program- racies and semi-democracies. Voters, parties, matic or ideological linkages between voters and party systems in most post-1978 competi- and parties are weak. Weak programmatic and tive regimes are qualitatively different from ideological linkages between voters and par- those of the advanced industrial democracies. ties are a key part of weaker party roots in We focus on the first two dimensions of party society. system institutionalization that Mainwaring The other empirical manifestation of weak and Scully (1995) and Mainwaring (1999: 22–39) party roots in society that we address is that developed: the stability of interparty competi- linkages between voters and candidates are tion and the depth of party roots (or anchoring) more personalistic in most post-1978 competi- in society. In these two dimensions, there are tive regimes than in the advanced industrial persistent and large differences in institutional- democracies. Outside the advanced democra- ization between most post-1978 democracies cies, more voters choose candidates on the and semi-democracies and the advanced indus- basis of their personal characteristics without trial democracies. Most of the advanced indus- regard to party, ideology, or programmatic trial democracies exhibit far greater stability in issues. The high degree of personalism reflects interparty competition than most post-1978 weak party roots in society and runs counter to democracies. what one would expect on the basis of most of In addition, party roots in society are far the theoretical literature on voters and party stronger in most of the advanced industrial systems. Personalism taps an important crite- democracies than in most post-1978 democra- rion for assessing the institutionalization of cies and semi-democracies. Much of the litera- political parties: the depersonalization of par- ture assumes strong party roots in society. In ties and party competition (Mény, 1990: 67). fact, party roots in society range from strong In the conclusion, we argue that weak institu- in most of the advanced industrial to weak tionalization has negative consequences for elec- in most post-1978 competitive regimes. We toral accountability. Weakly institutionalized 19-Katz-3336-Ch-18.qxd 11/22/2005 8:19 PM Page 205 PARTY SYSTEM INSTITUTIONALIZATION AND PARTY SYSTEM THEORY 205 party systems are more vulnerable to allowing some points in greater depth and for a wider anti-party politicians to come to power. Many range of countries rather than provide a super- such anti-party politicians (e.g., President ficial discussion of all four dimensions. Our Alberto Fujimori in Peru, 1990–2000; President analysis is limited exclusively to democracies Hugo Chávez in Venezuela, 1998–present) and semi-democracies;1 parties that function in have had adverse effects on democracy. We authoritarian regimes fall outside our purview. also argue that weak institutionalization ham- pers electoral accountability, which is a key underpinning of democracy. COMPARING PARTY SYSTEMS: THE Until the 1980s, the theoretical literature on LEVEL OF INSTITUTIONALIZATION parties and party systems focused on or implicitly assumed well-institutionalized sys- tems. There were few democracies and semi- A party system is the set of parties that interact democracies with weakly institutionalized in patterned ways. This definition implies party systems. Since the beginning of the third three boundaries between systems and non- wave of democratization (Huntington, 1991), systems. First, as Sartori (1976) pointed out, a however, weakly institutionalized party sys- system must have at least two constituent ele- tems have become commonplace in competi- ments; therefore a party system must have at tive political regimes. These systems have least two parties. Second, the notion of pat- different characteristics and dynamics than terned interactions suggests that there are well-institutionalized systems. Social scientists some regularities in the distribution of elec- need to modify the dominant theoretical litera- toral support by parties over time even if some ture to understand these less institutionalized parties rise and others decline. Third, the idea party systems. of a system implies some continuity in the This chapter builds on Mainwaring and components that form the system. Therefore, Scully (1995) and Mainwaring (1999: 22–39), ‘party system’ implies some continuity in the which spawned most of the contemporary parties that form the system – that is, the insti- work on party system institutionalization. tutionalization of political parties. We add to these earlier works in four ways. Party systems vary on many dimensions, First, we provide more systematic empirical but social scientists strive to identify the most evidence by using cross-national surveys to important among them to facilitate categoriza- demonstrate some of the earlier propositions tion and comparison. How, then, should social about party system institutionalization. Based scientists compare and classify party systems? on survey data, we also develop new indica- Sartori’s (1976) seminal book identified two tors to assess the strength of parties’ program- dimensions of party systems as particularly matic roots in society. Second, we analyze a important: the number of relevant parties and broader range of countries than these earlier the degree of ideological polarization. However, works and other previous work on this subject. he inadequately conceptualized an equally Third, we analyze some new aspects of party important property of party systems: their level system theory that these previous works did of institutionalization. not address in detail; in particular, we question In his discussion of the difference between the assumption of programmatic/ideological consolidated party systems and non-systems, linkages that permeates some of the literature. Sartori (1976: 244–8) was prescient in recogniz- Finally, we present more rigorous tests of some ing the importance of party system institutional- empirical propositions while dropping some ization (which he called ‘consolidation’). earlier and harder-to-test claims about conse- However, we disagree with three aspects of his quences of low institutionalization. The second conceptualization of institutionalization. First, half of the chapter, while building conceptually he posited a dichotomy between consolidated and theoretically on Mainwaring and Scully systems and non-systems, whereas we find it (1995) and Mainwaring (1999), presents new much more useful to conceive of institutional- arguments and evidence. ization as a continuum. Nothing in the definition Unlike Mainwaring and Scully, we do not of ‘system’ justifies a rigid dichotomous demar- compare party systems on all four dimensions cation between a system and a non-system pro- of party system institutionalization. Given vided that there is some pattern in interparty spatial constraints and because of the difficul- competition and some continuity in the main ties of obtaining comparable valid empirical parties of the system. These two criteria are easy information for all four dimensions for a wide to meet in a minimal way. Sartori’s dichotomous range of countries, we preferred to develop categories ignore important variance within 19-Katz-3336-Ch-18.qxd 11/22/2005 8:19 PM Page 206 206 HANDBOOK OF PARTY POLITICS each of those categories. Moreover, a dichotomy institutionalization means that political actors requires a precise and inevitably arbitrary cut have clear and stable expectations about the point: a case must be categorized as consoli- behavior of other actors. In Huntington’s (1968: dated or as a non-system. 12) words, ‘Institutionalization is the process by Second, Sartori set an excessively high which organizations and procedures acquire threshold for what constitutes a party system. value and stability’. An institutionalized party For example, he claimed that Colombia did not system, then, is one in which actors develop have a party system in the 1970s when in fact it expectations and behavior based on the had one of the oldest party systems in the premise that the fundamental contours and world. The Liberals and Conservatives had rules of party competition and behavior will been the main electoral contenders for decades prevail into the foreseeable future. In an institu- whenever elections were relatively free and fair, tionalized party system, there is stability
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Veridiction and Leadership in Transnational Populism: the Case of Diem25
    Politics and Governance (ISSN: 2183–2463) 2020, Volume 8, Issue 1, Pages 217–225 DOI: 10.17645/pag.v8i1.2539 Article Veridiction and Leadership in Transnational Populism: The Case of DiEM25 Evangelos Fanoulis 1 and Simona Guerra 2,* 1 Department of International Relations, Xi’an Jiaotong–Liverpool University, 215123 Suzhou, China; E-Mail: [email protected] 2 School of History, Politics and International Relations, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK; E-Mail: [email protected] * Corresponding author Submitted: 3 October 2019 | Accepted: 16 January 2020 | Published: 5 March 2020 Abstract While research tends to explore questions of power and leadership at the national level, populism in Europe has moved be- yond national borders, with an increasing number of transnational movements and organizations. This article investigates the Democracy in Europe Movement 2025 (DiEM25) and its leadership’s main speeches. Informed by both discourse theory and Michel Foucault’s work on parrhesia (veridiction), the analysis draws on readings of transnational Euroalternativism and populism, pointing out the conflicting logic of bringing them together at the transnational level. Our findings thus stress the increasing politicization of European integration as an opportunity to mobilize transnational activities, which are based on the populist ‘people vs. the elites’ dichotomy and against Brussels’ unaccountable elites (see FitzGibbon & Guerra, 2019), while indicating the limits of leadership in a populist transnational movement (de Cleen, Moffitt, Panayotu, & Stavrakakis, 2019; Marzolini & Souvlis, 2016). Keywords discourse analysis; Euroalternativism; leadership; parrhesia; power relations; transnational populism Issue This article is part of the issue “Leadership, Populism and Power” edited by Cristine de Clercy (Western University, Canada).
    [Show full text]
  • Remarks by Professor Richard Perham Following His Installation As Master, 5 January 2004
    Remarks by Professor Richard Perham following his installation as Master, 5 January 2004 President, fellow Johnians, On the 6th of November last year, the Fellows of this College paid me the highest compliment of my academic life by electing me to the Mastership. The declaration I have just made requires me to do all in my power to secure the good government of the College as a place of education, religion, learning and research, and to observe all the statutes. It has not escaped my notice that the declaration made by a Fellow on being admitted to his or her Fellowship requires him or her also to observe the statutes - but the important qualification ‘all’ is omitted. No doubt historians of the College will be able to enlighten me as to the reasons for this difference in the declarations - meanwhile I shall continue to work on the assumption that Fellows are not at liberty to pick and choose among the statutes they observe! What are we to make of this College of ours as we embark on a new calendar year in what is still almost a new century? St John’s is not a grand College, but it is a great one, unique I believe in Cambridge and Oxford. The difference, I put it to you, is an important one that has been with us for almost 500 years. It is not something of which we need be, or should be, embarrassed. We trace our foundation back to the largesse of the Lady Margaret Beaufort, mother of King Henry VII, but we owe much to Bishop (now Saint) John Fisher, her spiritual adviser and companion.
    [Show full text]
  • Civil Society and the State in Democratic East Asia
    PROTEST AND SOCIAL MOVEMENTS Chiavacci, (eds) Grano & Obinger Civil Society and the State in Democratic East Asia East Democratic in State the and Society Civil Edited by David Chiavacci, Simona Grano, and Julia Obinger Civil Society and the State in Democratic East Asia Between Entanglement and Contention in Post High Growth Civil Society and the State in Democratic East Asia Protest and Social Movements Recent years have seen an explosion of protest movements around the world, and academic theories are racing to catch up with them. This series aims to further our understanding of the origins, dealings, decisions, and outcomes of social movements by fostering dialogue among many traditions of thought, across European nations and across continents. All theoretical perspectives are welcome. Books in the series typically combine theory with empirical research, dealing with various types of mobilization, from neighborhood groups to revolutions. We especially welcome work that synthesizes or compares different approaches to social movements, such as cultural and structural traditions, micro- and macro-social, economic and ideal, or qualitative and quantitative. Books in the series will be published in English. One goal is to encourage non- native speakers to introduce their work to Anglophone audiences. Another is to maximize accessibility: all books will be available in open access within a year after printed publication. Series Editors Jan Willem Duyvendak is professor of Sociology at the University of Amsterdam. James M. Jasper teaches at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York. Civil Society and the State in Democratic East Asia Between Entanglement and Contention in Post High Growth Edited by David Chiavacci, Simona Grano, and Julia Obinger Amsterdam University Press Published with the support of the Swiss National Science Foundation.
    [Show full text]
  • Political History of the Balkans (1989–2018) This Page Intentionally Left Blank POLITICAL HISTORY of the BALKANS (1989–2018) Edited by József Dúró – Zoltán Egeresi
    The Balkan Peninsula has played a crucial role in human history many times. The region framed the 20th century. The end of the Political History of the Balkans Cold War also had a significant effect on the region as it resulted (1989–2018) in bloody wars, economic collapse and complicated political transitions. The 2000s and 2010s opened the way towards EU membership, as many countries received candidate status and launched accession negotiations – however, this process has recently been facing obstacles. Political History This volume provides a general overview of the Post-Cold War history of the Balkans and explores the dynamics behind these tremendous changes ranging from democratic transitions to EU prospects. The authors describe the transitional period, the evolution of the political system and highlight the most important of the Balkans political developments in each country in the region. We recommend this book to those who seek a deeper insight into the recent history of the Balkans and a deeper understanding of its political developments. (1989–2018) POLITICAL HISTORY OF THE BALKANS (1989—2018) POLITICAL HISTORY The work was created in commission of the National University of Public Service under the priority project PACSDOP-2.1.2-CCHOP-15-2016-00001 entitled “Public Service Development Establishing Good Governance”. Zoltán Egeresi (eds.): Egeresi Zoltán — József Dúró József Edited by JÓZSEF DÚRÓ European Social Fund ZOLTÁN EGERESI INVESTING IN YOUR FUTURE Political History of the Balkans (1989–2018) This page intentionally left blank POLITICAL HISTORY OF THE BALKANS (1989–2018) Edited by József Dúró – Zoltán Egeresi Dialóg Campus Budapest, 2020 The work was created in commission of the National University of Public Service under the priority project PACSDOP-2.1.2-CCHOP-15-2016-00001 entitled “Public Service Development Establishing Good Governance”.
    [Show full text]
  • Civil Societies and Social Movements: Potentials and Problems
    Civil Societies and Social Movements Civil Societies and Social Movements examines and contributes to debates surrounding social capital, social movements and the role of civil society in emerging forms of governance. The authors adopt a broad range of research approaches, from testing hypotheses drawn from rational choice theory against available statistics on associations, to ethnographic study of emerging attempts at participant/delibera- tive democracy. The book is divided into three clear sections, which focus on the following core aspects of civil society: • The position of civic organizations between state and society in emerging forms of governance. • The geographical scales of social movement mobilizations and actions from the local to the global. • The patterns of public trust and civic engagement that fall under the rubric of social capital. The volume draws on case studies from a wide range of countries, including Russia, Ukraine, Britain, Greece, Spain, Germany, Argentina and new Asian democracies. Presenting current research on the key dimensions of civil society, this book will appeal to those researching and studying in the fields of political science, sociology and social policy. Derrick Purdue is Senior Research Fellow in the Cities Research Centre of the University of the West of England, Bristol, UK. Routledge/ECPR studies in European political science Edited by Thomas Poguntke University of Birmingham, UK on behalf of the European Consortium for Political Research The Routledge/ECPR Studies in European Political Science series is published in association with the European Consortium for Political Research – the leading organization concerned with the growth and development of political science in Europe. The series presents high-quality edited volumes on topics at the leading edge of current interest in political science and related fields, with contributions from European scholars and others who have presented work at ECPR work- shops or research groups.
    [Show full text]
  • Nicola and Maria Louisa Marisa
    Social Impacts of Greek Financial Crisis after a decade of austerity measures Nicole Proano & Marisa López June 8th 2018 Street art painting in Athens. Photo: Marisa López Final Exam Project Europe in the World 2018 Prof. Asbjorn Jorgensen Index GREECE IN NUMBERS 3 A story of a Greek Social Kitchen 11 On the Frontlines of Suicide in Greece 14 Transformative Power of Greek Solidarity 19 Dancing for Freedom. Cretan resistance against Fascism 29 EU – SYRIZA relations nearing post-bailout 40 Reflection Report Error! Bookmark not defined. Sources list Error! Bookmark not defined. You can find the reports in the following website: https://marisalopandnicolepro.exposure.co/ The only exception is “Dancing for Freedom. Cretan resistance against Fascism” due to its controversial content because of the sources with whom we have talk and since we want to guarantee the maximum exclusive publication if we successfully publish it. 2 GREECE IN NUMBERS Eight years of economic crisis Link website: https://marisalopandnicolepro.exposure.co/greece-in-numbers by Marisa López & Nicole Proano Photo: Nicole Proano “Greece is back!" launched Alexis Tsipras, the Greek prime minister from SYRIZA on March 2nd at the Delphi Economic Forum. "Greece has gone from recession to growth in 2017. The rate is estimated at more than 2% for 2018 as for the next years. Unemployment in three years fell by 7% and the trend is downward,” he said. Greece was seriously affected by the financial crash of 2008. Since then it has suffered almost a decade of official financial oversight that has come at an enormous social and economic cost.
    [Show full text]
  • SOUND POLITICKS the Official Undergraduate Journal of Political Science at the University of Pennsylvania
    SOUND POLITICKS The Official Undergraduate Journal of Political Science at the University of Pennsylvania IN THIS ISSUE: COLLEGE ADMISSIONS AND CRIMINAL RECORDS: BANNING THE BOX AGAIN By: Rebecca Heilweil FROM THE CLASSROOM TO THE SUPREME COURT: THE FEDERALIST SOCIETY, ORIGINALISM, AND THE CONSERVATIVE LEGAL REVOLUTION By: Sean Foley DEGREES OF THE “RESOURCE CURSE”: THE CASES OF NORWAY AND SAUDI ARABIA By: Jillian Moely THE SPECTRE OF SYRIZA: THE EUROPEAN UNION DEBT CRISIS AND THE RADICAL LEFT By: Natasha Kadlec AN INTERVIEW WITH PROFESSOR JESSICA STANTON By: Jordan Dannenberg “MAY THE FIRST PRINCIPLES OF SOUND POLITICKS BE FIX’D IN THE MINDS OF YOUTH” – BENJAMIN FRANKLIN (1749) VOLUME XXI SPRING 2016 2 | SOUND POLITICKS SPRING 2016 | 3 LETTER FROM THE EDITOR The theme of the 2015-2016 academic year at the University of Penn- EDITOR-IN-CHIEF: sylvania was discovery. As we embraced the opportunity to explore, in great- Jordan Dannenberg er depth, one another’s academic endeavors, we developed a greater appre- ciation for shared intellectual experience. As the academic year draws to a EDITORIAL BOARD: close, this journal provides one more opportunity to engage with the robust Sarah Baldinger intellectual life at Penn. It refects the passion of the members of Penn’s polit- Nicholas Buchta Iman Charania ical science community and their commitment to contributing to the intel- Sarah Engell lectual life that Benjamin Franklin sought to inspire. In the spirit of this year’s Yasmeen Kaboud academic theme, I invite you to discover the contributions within Sound Pol- Casey Lipton iticks. Edgar Palomino The articles in this year’s issue address diverse topics and fall within sev- Brooke Reczka eral subfelds of the political science discipline.
    [Show full text]
  • New Forms of Political Party Membership Political Party Innovation Primer 5 New Forms of Political Party Membership
    New Forms of Political Party Membership Political Party Innovation Primer 5 New Forms of Political Party Membership Political Party Innovation Primer 5 © 2020 International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance International IDEA publications are independent of specific national or political interests. Views expressed in this publication do not necessarily represent the views of International IDEA, its Board or its Council members. The electronic version of this publication is available under a Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0) licence. You are free to copy, distribute and transmit the publication as well as to remix and adapt it, provided it is only for non-commercial purposes, that you appropriately attribute the publication, and that you distribute it under an identical licence. For more information visit the Creative Commons website: <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/>. International IDEA Strömsborg SE–103 34 Stockholm Sweden Telephone: +46 8 698 37 00 Email: [email protected] Website: <https://www.idea.int> DOI: <https://doi.org/10.31752/idea.2020.25> ISBN: 978-91-7671-315-0 (PDF) Created with Booktype: <https://www.booktype.pro> International IDEA Contents 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................ 5 2. What is the issue? .................................................................................................. 7 3. Perspectives on new forms of party membership .............................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Apdusans, Neville Initiated an Attempt at a Close Collaboration with Apdusa
    THE Vol. 18 No 2 APDUSAN Sept. 2012 AFRICAN PEOPLE'S DEMOCRATIC UNION OF SOUTHERN AFRICA The Interests Of The Workers And Landless Peasants Shall Be Paramount \ THE MARIKANA MASSACRE – ORGANISING FOR AN ALTERNATIVE WORKERS DEMONSTRATE POWER IN government and the bosses has been ONGOING CLASS WAR unceremoniously rejected. The abominable Marikana massacre clearly In spite of all odds and with great sacrifice the demonstrates the fraud of the so-called South workers have won a signal victory. It sends a clear African anti-apartheid victory that was so gloriously message of workers’ power to the spreading worker portrayed before the world in 1992. resistance in the mining industry. For the time being, The events before and on 16 August had a long the workers of Lonmin may now rest on their short- run-up from the Impala Platinum strike that started term, cruelly won gains. But at least, the class on 20 January 2012. There were strong similarities struggle between workers and the capitalist bosses in between the two disputes which involved labour, the mining industry, supported by the state, has now social and more importantly, broader political issues. become more clearly defined. Workers on the mines The extreme levels of exploitation and workplace are no longer deceived by self-serving, trade union oppression in the mining industry have once again bureaucrats. This reveals the urgent need to organise been inescapably highlighted in the mainstream towards both political and economic alternatives. media. The parliament that makes anti-worker laws must be Striking workers and the communities in which rejected, together with the constitution that gave rise they live have had to face up to the full might of the to it.
    [Show full text]
  • Mera25 Programme
    ELECTORAL PROGRAMME 2018-2019 European Transnationalism | Economic Rationalism | Social Emancipation TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction – For the return of Vision and Dignity .......................................................... 3 2. Escaping the Debt Colony: Financial, institutional and social policies ............................. 4 2.1 Seven Financial and Institutional Policies ................................................................... 4 2.2 Always with the Weak: Resolving the humanitarian crisis, labour laws, pensions ..... 8 3. Green Transition ................................................................................................................ 9 3.1 Energy .......................................................................................................................... 9 3.2 Transportation .............................................................................................................. 9 3.3 Industry ........................................................................................................................ 9 3.4 Waste Disposal........................................................................................................... 10 3.5 Tourism ...................................................................................................................... 10 3.6 Agriculture – Farming – Forestry – Fishing .............................................................. 10 3.7 Water Resources .......................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Next Left, New Social Deal
    Dr. Ania Skrzypek Next Left, New Social Deal. 10 Strategic Proposals for the Progressives to become the Movement of the Future is a new FEPS Senior Research Fellow FEPS paper, in which the author – Dr. Ania Skrzypek, FEPS Senior Research Fellow – captured the most intriguing ideas articulated in the course of nearly a decade of a pan-European, interdisciplinary and multidimensional conversation. Focused on the prospects and choices that the centre left is facing, the Next Left, New Social Deal publication is herewith released in the hopes that it will prove to be a constructive contribution and inspiration. It calls for 10 Strategic Proposals a new understanding of modernity and of the implications of living in transformational times, when it comes to forging a new for the Progressives social contract. It proposes solutions how to regain political ground, by investing in concepts such as Welfare Societies; to become Egalitarian Quality Employment; and a Strong, Active and the Movement of the Future Dynamic State that prevents inequalities. It also makes the case for progressive way to solve the European dilemma and to forge new global solidaristic commitments. To that end, the text points out how to succeed in times of fragmentation and volatility of electorates, by reaching beyond the traditional partisan polarization and by claiming new grounds in order to Proposals 10 Strategic re-enter the broader political competition. Phone +32 (0)2 234 69 00 Fax +32 (0)2 280 03 03 of the Future to become the Movement for the Progressives [email protected] @FEPS_Europe FEPS This project is realised by FEPS with the support of and with the fi nancial support of the European Parliament Next Left, New Social Deal 10 Strategic Proposals for the Progressives to become the Movement of the Future Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Otices of The
    OTICES OF THE AMERICAN MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY Scientific Issues in Manufacturing page 404 Three Reports on Graduate Education: National Research Council page 390 Conference Board of the Mathematical Sciences page 398 AMS-MAA-SIAM Committee on Preparation for College Teaching page 412 Cambri ge Meeting (June 29-July 1) page 460 MAY/JUNE 1992, VOLUME 39, NUMBER 5 Providence, Rhode Island, USA ISSN 0002-9920 Calendar of AMS Meetings and Conferences This calendar lists all meetings and conferences approved prior to the date this insofar as is possible. Abstracts should be submitted on special forms which are issue went to press. The summer and annual meetings are joint meetings of the available in many departments of mathematics and from the headquarters office of Mathematical Association of America and the American Mathematical Society. the Society. Abstracts of papers to be presented at the meeting must be received The meeting dates which fall rather far in the future are subject to change; this is at the headquarters of the Society in Providence, Rhode Island, on or before the particularly true of meetings to which no numbers have been assigned. Programs deadline given below for the meeting. The abstract deadlines listed below should of the meetings will appear in the issues indicated below. First and supplementary be carefully reviewed since an abstract deadline may expire before publication of announcements of the meetings will have appeared in earlier issues. Abstracts a first announcement. Note that the deadline for abstracts for consideration for of papers presented at a meeting of the Society are published in the journal Ab· presentation at special sessions is usually three weeks earlier than that specified stracts of papers presented to the American Mathematical Society in the issue below.
    [Show full text]