ISSN 00063509, Biophysics, 2011, Vol. 56, No. 3, pp. 577–583. © Pleiades Publishing, Inc., 2011. Original Russian Text © I.I. Pelevina, G.G. Afanas’ev, A.V. Aleshchenko, M.M. Antoshchina,V.Ya. Gotlib, A.A. Konradov, O.V. Kudryashova, E.Yu. Lizunova, A.N. Osipov, N.I. Ryabchenko, A.M. Serebryanyi, 2011, published in Radiatsionnaya Biologiya. Radioekologiya, 2011, Vol. 51, No. 1, pp. 154–161. RADIOBIOLOGY AND RADIOECOLOGY The Molecular and Cellular Consequences of the Chernobyl Accident I. I. Pelevinaa, G. G. Afanas’eva,†, A. V. Aleshchenkob, M. M. Antoshchinac, V. Ya. Gotliba, A. A. Konradovb,†, O. V. Kudryashovaa, E. Yu. Lizunovaa, A. N. Osipova, N. I. Ryabchenkoc, and A. M. Serebryanyib a Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991 Russia b Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334 Russia c Medical Radiological Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Obninsk, 249036 Russia Email:
[email protected] Received July 5, 2010 Abstract—In this paper the results of research at 5–10 and 24 years after the Chernobyl accident are summa rized. These results include the investigation of genomic instability, formation of the adaptive response, genome damage, and oxidative status. The studies were performed on cells in culture, mice, children and adults who lived in the contaminated areas, and liquidators of the consequences of the Chernobyl accident. Inhibition of cell proliferative activity, late cell death, and the increase in micronucleus and giant cell fre quency were observed after the exposure of cells in culture in the accident zone followed by their culturing in laboratory conditions.