Area-based Assessment: Avdiivka Basic Service Unit Overview Ukraine, July 2017 Introduction Key Findings Map 1: Locations of assessed settlements in the Avdiivka BSU Conflict between Ukrainian forces and armed This overview covers the Avdiivka BSU where ² KOSTIANTYNIVKA UKRAINE opposition groups broke out in eastern Luhanska nine communities were assessed (Figure 1). oblast Ukraine in 2014. Almost 10,000 people have DOBROPILLIA • Service access is best in the larger Donetska been killed, 22,231 wounded, and about one oblast RUSSIAN million displaced from their homes by fighting1. communities of Avdiivka and Pervomaiske. FEDERATION The humanitarian and recovery response These communities have functioning health to the crisis is hampered by information and education facilities, a limited range of gaps regarding access to basic services in financial services and markets, and are communities located close to the contact line. connected to the water and sewage networks. They offer waste collection services and POKROVSK REACH conducted an assessment of all OCHERETYNE managed waste dumping sites. However, NOVOSELIVKA settlements within 5 km of the contact line with DRUHA conflict affects service provision in both KRASNOHORIVKA two main objectives: 1. To understand how settlements, with all health and education VESELE residents of communities in the area access AVDIIVKA KAMIANKA facilities damaged by shelling. SELYDOVE basic services; 2. To identify gaps in service SIEVERNE provision and understand challenges from Settlements NETAILOVE • Overall access to services is poor in the Assessed VODIANE OPYTNE Non-Assessed Settlements Providing Services the perspectives of both service providers PERVOMAISKE smaller communities. Seven communities in Reference Settlements > 10,000 and users. The results will be used to inform the assessed area have no health or education BSU Boundary NEVELSKE strategic planning by humanitarian and local INSO Grey Zone (May 2017) facilities, no connections to the sewage and government actors. Figure 1: Communities assessed within the Figure 2: Profiles of KIs interviewed water networks, and no waste collection Avdiivka network This assessment collected data at the services. community level from 100 communities. Raion Settlement Pop. Distance from Profile Female Male Total Interviews were conducted with 350 Key • Distance to facilities is the key challenge contact line Informants (KIs) representing community in accessing facilities and services. Travel Avdiivska Avdiivka 33,829 0.1 km Community KI 28 4 32 members, members of the local administration, between communities to use schools and Yasynuvatskyi Pervomaiske 1,500 2.5 km Administration KI 1 2 3 and representatives of health and education financial services, visit healthcare providers, Yasynuvatskyi Vodiane 120 2.4 km Education facility KI 8 - 8 facilities. The assessment did not conduct or shop for food is also dangerous due to Yasynuvatskyi Kamianka 90 1.7 km Health facility KI 1 1 2 representative sampling, and therefore results shelling. Within the BSU, public transport should be considered indicative only. Through Yasynuvatskyi Novoselivka 80 1.3 km between communities is limited, which means network analysis, the assessed communities Druha were clustered into seven Basic Service Units travelling to services is time-consuming and Yasynuvatskyi Sieverne 47 6 km (BSUs) to determine the main constraints in expensive. Yasynuvatskyi Opytne 43 0.9 km service access and provision in each BSU. Yasynuvatskyi Nevelske 42 2.1 km Yasynuvatskyi Vesele 23 3.5 km 1. OHCHR, ‘Report on the human rights situation in Ukraine’, December 2016. Protection Map 2: Courts and police stations in the BSU Protection risks are high across the BSU Frequent shelling indicates a high need for due to proximity to the contact line: only one psycho-social support (PSS) services, which assessed community is located more than 4 are insufficient in every assessed community km from the contact line. KIs in eight of the except Kamianka. Child Friendly Spaces are DOBROPILLIA nine assessed communities report daily available only in Avdiivka, but are required only shelling in some areas of their communities,. in Pervomaiske as almost all children have left This was confirmed by International NGO the other small communities in the BSU. Safety Organisation (INSO) data in five of Vulnerable groups these communities, while the remaining three communities are within hearing range of daily KIs did not report specific protection concerns shelling but have not been hit directly. for women in the assessed communities. POKROVSK MYRNOHRAD Landmine / ERW risks IDPs are reportedly living in six of the assessed communities. There are almost OCHERETYNE Landmines/ERW are reported in all nine 3,000 registered IDPs in Avdiivka, according to NOVOSELIVKA communities, but not all hazardous areas DRUHA the local administration, indicating a need for KRASNOHORIVKA have been marked. Communities in need IDP-specific services such as documentation VESELE Services AVDIIVKA of Mine Risk Education (MRE) are Avdiivka, KAMIANKA support in Avdiivka. Court SELYDOVE where the risk of ERW is high due to heavy Temporaily closed facilities shelling, Vodiane, where daily shelling was Administrators reported high proportions of Police SIEVERNE Service Links NETAILOVE reported and administrators state none of elderly people in all communities. Data from Court VODIANE OPYTNE Assessed the hazardous areas are marked, Sieverne, community KIs suggests elderly residents Non-Assessed Settlements Providing Services PERVOMAISKE may struggle to cope with service access Reference Settlements > 10,000 Nevelske, and Pervomaiske. BSU Boundary NEVELSKE challenges related to distance and travel INSO Grey Zone (May 2017) 0 36912Kms Protection challenges for communities time, and may need additional support with Mines/ERW and shelling are the most winterisation requirements. Figure 3: Key protection concerns reported2 Figure 4: Checkpoints affecting communities3 frequently cited protection concern across all Military checkpoints 66+59+38+31+28+28 communities. Proximity of armed groups is 1. Mines / ERW 66% Communities where checkpoint 6 / 8 also a major concern. Damage to property is Military checkpoints impact movement for 2. Shelling 59% controls access a protection concern in Avdiivka, where the residents of six communities. Checkpoints 3. Presence of armed groups 38% Communities where checkpoint 2 / 8 level of shelling damage is high; community at Opytne and Vodiane are most restrictive, restricts delivery of goods 4. Destruction of property 31% tension, typically between IDPs and residents, as they prevent freedom of movement for Communities where checkpoint 2 / 8 is an issue in Vodiane. residents and the Opytne checkpoint restricts 5. Lack of psychosocial support 28% restricts entry or exit delivery of some goods. KIs reported protection services are Community tension 28% unavailable or insufficient across the BSU. 2 2. KIs could report more than one challenge. 3. KIs in one settlement preferred not to answer this question, and therefore information on checkpoints was received for only eight settlements. Education Map 3: Schools and kindergartens in the BSU There are eight functioning educational Education facility conditions facilities in the BSU: four kindergartens, two All eight schools reported some damage due all-grade schools and one secondary final ! to shelling, and six remain in need of repairs. ! DOBROPILLIA school. The main challenges in accessing Although shelling is ongoing at five schools, education in the BSU are the lack of facilities only four have accessible bomb shelters. and conflict-related security risks. Many families with children have reportedly left Electricity shortages occur regularly at all smaller settlements close to the contact line: schools, none of which have generators. there are no or very few children in Vesele, However, heating and gas shortages are rare Nevelske, Sieverne, and Opytne. and no school reported problems accessing ! heating fuel during the last winter. POKROVSK ! MYRNOHRAD Education access challenges !! All schools have flushing toilets and access Educational facilities are available only in OCHERETYNE to running water: only Avdiivka School 6 !! Avdiivka and Pervomaiske. Both communities NOVOSELIVKA reported an insufficient number of toilets. KRASNOHORIVKA DRUHA have facilities offering all levels of education !! Pupil-to-toilet ratios meet SPHERE standards4 VESELE although the all-grade school in Pervomaiske AVDIIVKA at kindergartens, with 13 pupils per toilet on KAMIANKA SELYDOVE plans to stop providing education for Grades Services ! average, but do not meet standards in all- ! ! ! Kindergarten ! 10 and 11. As a result, children in other SIEVERNE grade schools where there are 46 pupils per ! All Grades School Service Links NETAILOVE communities travel to these communities !! VODIANE toilet on average. Education !! OPYTNE or to Krasnohorivka (located south-west of Assessed PERVOMAISKE Challenges delivering education Non-Assessed Settlements Providing Services Pervomaiske), travelling an average distance Reference Settlements > 10,000 NEVELSKE BSU Boundary of 7.2 km. 036912 Kms Both facilities in Pervomaiske and four of six INSO Grey Zone (May 2017) Therefore, the chief access challenges in in Avdiivka stated that insufficient supplies and shortages of funds were their key challenges the BSU are the security risks students are Figure 5: Key education challenges reported5 Figure 6: Protection