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Textural Relations and Mineral Compositions of Garnierite Ores Using X-Ray

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Textural Relations and Mineral Compositions of Garnierite Ores Using X-Ray macla nº 11. septiembre ‘09 revista de la sociedad española de mineralogía 155 Textural Relations and Mineral Compositions of Garnierite Ores Using X-Ray Images /JOAQUÍN A. PROENZA (1,*), ANTONIO GARCÍA-CASCO (2), JOHN F. LEWIS (3), SALVADOR GALÍ (1), ESPERANZA TAULER (1), MANUEL LABRADOR (1), FRANCISCO LONGO (4) (1) Departament de Cristal.lografia, Mineralogia i Dipòsits Minerals. Facultat de Geologia. Universitat de Barcelona, C/ Martí i Franquès s/n, E– 08028 Barcelona (2) Departamento de Mineralogía y Petrología, Universidad de Granada, Avenida Fuentenueva, s/n, 18002 Granada (3) Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052, U.S.A. (4) Falcondo XStrata Nickel, Box 1343, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic INTRODUCTION. (milliseconds) avoids problems of beam dominantly of Ni-rich talc-willemseite damage to silicate minerals. Analyses of (the so-called kerolite-pimelite series) “Garnierites” are significant ore minerals the mineral compositions were made and Ni-serpentine. Many EMPA in figure in the saprolitic horizons of Falcondo with the same electron microprobe 2 lie close to or just below the talc- nickel laterite deposits in the Dominican operated at 15 KeV and 10 nA. willemseite join, and probably are Republic. The garnierite mineralization intimate mixtures of two mineral mainly occurs as millimetric to RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. phases, known as the 10A° garnierites centimetric-thick veins. Other or kerolite-pimelite series (where tlc > occurrences include tension fracture- X-ray maps revealed the spatial srp) as defined by Brindley et al. (1979). fillings, anastomizing veins, boxwork distributions of Ni and associated fabric, coatings on joints, often elements. They show that textures and displaying slickensides and breccias mineral compositions are variable and (Proenza et al., 2008). These authors complex at the µm-scale (Fig. 1), have concluded that Falcondo garnierite suggesting a complex history of ores consist of fine-grained mixture of deposition of the garnierite minerals. three solid solutions: (i) lizardite- nepouite, (ii) talc-willemseite, and (iii) The maps show discrete localization of sepiolite-falcondoite. However, the high Ni contents (bright white in X-ray garnierite ores are compositionally image of figure 1), and regions with variable on a fine scale and exhibit typical colloform fabric characterized by heterogeneous textures. alternating light and dark bands. Ni-rich phases are iron-poor, indicating a In this study, using X-ray images, we secondary (neoformed in lateritic provide new data on textural relations conditions) origin. In contrast, areas of and mineral compositions of garnierites elevated Fe indicate that relict primary ores from Falcondo Ni lateritic profile silicates (e.g. oceanic serpentine) are (Central Dominican Republic). partially preserved. ANALYTICAL AND COMPUTATION Si-rich areas correspond to a later TECHNIQUES. generation of microcrystalline quartz or colloidal silica filling voids and fractures. Elemental (Si, Ni, Mg, Fe, Al, Na, Ca, Co, On the other hand, Si- rich areas and Mn) X-ray images were obtained containing small quantities of Ni with a CAMECA SX–50 microprobe at represent the cryptocrystalline variety of the Serveis Cientificotècnics of the quartz, poorly defined, named University of Barcelona operated at 15 “chrysoprase”. keV and 200 nA, a focused beam, step (pixel) size of 3 µm, and counting time of Chemical variations mainly occur as 25-30 ms/pixel. These images were changes in Si, Mg and Ni content. The processed with DWImager software amounts of Al, Cr, Ti, Ca, Na and K are fig 1. Left: Back scattered electron image of (Torres-Roldán and García-Casco very low. Quantitative electron selected area of garnierite sample GAR-4. Right: X- unpublished). García-Casco (2007) has microprobe analyses, and X-ray ray image corresponds to Ni (Kα) of the same area documented that high beam current diffraction, indicate that the studied of the sample. combined with short counting time garnierite ores are composed palabras clave: Garnieritas, Níquel, Lateritas, Falcondo, República key words: Garnierites, Nickel, Laterites, Falcondo, Dominican Dominicana, Caribe. Republic, Caribbean. resumen SEM 2009 * corresponding author: [email protected] 156 Also, our results suggest the presence in Finally, X-ray maps suggest that the so- garnierite ores of karpinskite called chrysoprase consists of fine- [(Mg,Ni)2Si2O5(OH)2)(?)] in close grained mixture of cryptocrystalline association with serpentine and Ni- variety of quartz (chalcedony) and trace bearing talc. Karpinskite is a valid amounts of Ni-rich talc. This Ni-rich species (Pre-IMA, 1956), but phase is responsible of their questionable, reported only as veinlets characteristics green colour. in “kerolitized” serpentinite from Nizhni Tagil massif (Urals, Russia). ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. Falcondo karpinskite has an This research has been financially intermediate composition between talc supported by the Spanish project (high Si/(Mg+Ni ratio) and serpentine CGL2006-07384. JAP and JFL gratefully (low Si/(Mg+Ni ratio) (see figure 2). acknowledge the help and hospitality extended by the staff of Falcondo mine Si (XSTRATA). Chrysoprase REFERENCES. Brindley, G.W., Bish, D.L., Wan, H.M. (1979): Compositions, structures, and properties of Sepiolite Falcondoite Willemseite Talc nickel-containing minerals in the kerolite- Karpinskite (Ni) Karpinskite (Mg) pimelite series. Am. Mineral., 64, 615-625. Brindley, G.W., Hang, P.T. (1973): The nature Nepouite Serpentine of garnierite-I Structure, chemical compositions and color characteristics. Clays and Clay Mineral., 21, 27-40. García-Casco, A. (2007): Magmatic paragonite in trondhjemites from the Sierra del Convento mélange, Cuba. Ni Mg American Mineralogist, 92, 1232-1237. fig 2. Projection of garnierite ores composition (at.%) in Si-Ni-Mg ternary diagram. The figure also Proenza, J.A., Lewis, J.F., Galí, S., Tauler, E., indicates the positions of the solid solution series Labrador, M., Melgarejo, J.C., Longo, F., between Ni-sepiolite-falcondoite, talc-willemseite, Bloise, G. (2008): Garnierite mineralization karspinskite (Mg) – karspinskite (Ni) and lizardite- from Falcondo Ni-laterite deposit nepouite. (Dominican Republic). Macla, 9, 197-198. Probably, karpinskite corresponds in a general way to the minerals often termed as deweylites, or may correspond to poorly crystalline material reported in garnierites and identified as mixtures of talc-like minerals and serpentine (Brindley and Hang, 1973). .
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