Nature, art and politics in China Nature, art and politics in Qing Dynasty China

Shitao ( Ruoji), Returning Home, c1695. Album of twelve leaves; ink and colour on paper (16.5 × 10.5 cm) Map of China during the Qing (Ch’ing) Dynasty 1644-1912 Individualist: Traditionalist: Court artist: , Fish Wang Hui, Clearing Lang Shining, Assembled and rocks, 1699 after rain, 1662 blessings, 1723, Individualists

• ‘Remnants’ or ‘left overs’ of the

• Themes of resistance, seclusion, and sadness

• Painting a way of expressing inner states

Bada Shanren (Zhu Da) Fish and Rocks, 1699. Hanging scroll; ink on paper (134.6 x 60.6 cm) Bada Shanren (Zhu Da) Fish and Rocks, 1699 Bada Shanren (Zhu Da) Fish and Rocks, Qing dynasty (1644–1911), dated 1699. Hanging scroll; ink on paper (134.6 x 60.6 cm) 鱼 余 Bada Shanren (Zhu Da), Birds in a Lotus Pond, Qing dynasty (1644–1911), c1690. Handscroll; ink on satin (27.3 x 205.1 cm) Bada Shanren (Zhu Da), Birds in a Lotus Pond, Qing dynasty (1644–1911), c1690. Handscroll; ink on satin (27.3 x 205.1 cm) Bada Shanren (Zhu Da), Birds in a Lotus Pond Qing dynasty (1644–1911), c1690. Handscroll; ink on satin (27.3 x 205.1 cm) (Zhu Ruoji), Outing to Zhang Gong's Grotto, Qing dynasty (1644–1911), c1700. Handscroll; ink and colour on paper (45.9 x 286.4 cm Shitao (Zhu Ruoji), Outing to Zhang Gong's Grotto, Qing dynasty (1644–1911), c1700. Handscroll; ink and colour on paper (45.9 x 286.4 cm Shitao (Zhu Ruoji), Outing to Zhang Gong's Grotto, Qing dynasty (1644–1911), c1700. Handscroll; ink and colour on paper (45.9 x 286.4 cm I keep my door closed all year: that's my usual life, But leaving the suburbs for the countryside I suddenly felt crazy. On the narrow paths I didn't meet many of the kind of people I have to bow to, Just a compiler of poems resting on his back in the wilderness fields. It’s not that we’re inseparable friends but we do get on well together, So we were delighted, and loosened our robes. I give a great sigh today as I try to remember Baocheng With red trees all the way to the horizon, and a drunken composition Shitao (Zhu Ruoji, 1642– 1707), Drunk in Autumn woods, c1702, hanging scroll; ink and colour on paper, 161 x 70.5 cm

Traditionalists

Study and imitation of past artists to preserve their subjects and techniques

“Great synthesis” between past and present (Dong Qichang)

Creativity lies in ability to enter into a dialogue with past masters

Wang Hui, Landscapes after Ancient Masters: Peach Blossom Spring Following Zhao Mengfu's Methods of Using Colour, 1674. Album of 12 paintings; ink and colour on paper; 22 x 33.8 cm Juran (active 960-986) Ten Thousand Li Along the Yangzi River (detail), ink on silk, 43.5 x 1656.6

Wang Hui, Clearing after rain over streams and mountains, 1662 Hanging scroll; ink on paper; 113 x 45.1 cm Mi Youren, Cloudy mountains, before 1200, ink on paper Wang Hui, Clearing after rain over streams and mountains, 1662 Hanging scroll; ink on paper; 113 x 45.1 cm Wang Hui and assistants, The 's Southern Inspection Tour, Scroll Three: Ji'nan to Mount Tai, 1698. Handscroll; ink and colour on silk (67.8 x 1393.8 cm) Kang-xi Emperor Yongzheng Emperor Qianlong Emperor (K’ang-hsi) (Yung-cheng) (Ch’ien-lung) r.1662-1722 r.1722-1735 r.1736-1795 Unknown court artists Unknown court artists Attributed to Lang Shining Hanging scroll, colour on Hanging scroll, colour on Hanging scroll, colour on silk, silk, Palace Museum, silk, Palace Museum, Beijing Palace Museum, Beijing Portrait of the Qing Emperor Kangxi, 1662- 1722, colour on silk

Portrait of the Ming Emperor Taizu, 1368-98, colour on silk, 291.4x 162.8 cm Kang-xi Emperor Yongzheng Emperor Qianlong Emperor (K’ang-hsi) (Yung-cheng) (Ch’ien-lung) r.1662-1722 r.1722-1735 r.1736-1795 Unknown court artists Unknown court artists Attributed to Lang Shining Hanging scroll, colour on Hanging scroll, colour on Hanging scroll, colour on silk, silk, Palace Museum, Beijing silk, Palace Museum, Beijing Palace Museum, Beijing Unknown court artists, Portrait of the Kangxi emperor in informal dress holding a brush Hanging scroll, ink and colour on silk, 50.5 x 31.9 cm, The Palace Museum, Beijing

Unknown court artists, Emperor Kangxi, c1700, 138 x 107 cm, colour on silk, Palace Museum, Beijing Anonymous court artists, Album of the Yongzheng Emperor in Costumes, Yongzheng period, (as the calligrapher Mi Fu; as Daoist magician) Album leaves, colour on silk, 34.9 x 31cm Anonymous court artists, Album of the Yongzheng Emperor in Costumes, Yongzheng period, (as Mongolian noble; as western tiger slayer) Album leaves, colour on silk, 34.9 x 31cm Yongzheng Emperor r.1722-1735 Unknown court artists Hanging scroll, colour on silk, Palace Museum, Beijing

Lang Shining, The Qianlong Emperor in court dress, 1736, Palace Museum, Beijing Giuseppe Castiglione (Chinese name Lang Shining), Assembled blessings, 1723, Palace Museum, Beijing Giuseppe Castiglione (Chinese name Lang Shining), Assembled blessings, 1723, Palace Museum, Beijing Giuseppe Castiglione (Chinese name Lang Shining), Assembled blessings, 1723, Palace Museum, Beijing