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A Comprehensive Manual of Abhidhamma a Comprehensive Manual of Abhidhamma the Abhidhammattha Saògaha of Ácariya Anuruddha A Comprehensive Manual of Abhidhamma A Comprehensive Manual of Abhidhamma The Abhidhammattha Saògaha of Ácariya Anuruddha Bhikkhu Bodhi, General Editor Pali text originally edited and translated by Maháthera Nárada Translation revised by Bhikkhu Bodhi Introduction and explanatory guide by U Rewata Dhamma & Bhikkhu Bodhi Abhidhamma tables by U Sìlánanda BUDDHIST PUBLICATION SOCIETY KANDY SRI LANKA Buddhist Publication Society P.O. Box 61 54, Sangharaja Mawatha Kandy, Sri Lanka First published, 1993 Second edition, 1999 Third edition, 2007 Copyright © 1993, 1997, 2006 by Buddhist Publication Society ISBN-10: 955–24–0103–8 ISBN-13: 978-955-24-0103-9 Grateful acknowledgement is made to the Pali Text Society and to Ven. U Sìlánanda for permission to use the Abhidhamma tables indicated in “A Note on the Tables” following the Preface. National Library of Sri Lanka - Cataloguing in Publication Data A Comprehensive Manual of Abhidhamma: The Abhidhammattha Saògaha of Ácariya Anuruddha/comp. by Bhikkhu Bodhi Himi; Translated by Nárada Maháthera:- Kandy: Buddhist Publication Society, 2006 426p.; 22 c.m. ISBN-10: 955–24–0103–8 ISBN-13: 978-955-24-0103-9 i. 294.3829 DDC 22 ii. Title 1. Buddhism - Abhidhammapitaka Typeset at the BPS in Times_BPS with Helvetica_BPS headings Printed by Ajith Printers, Borelasgamuwa. ABOUT THE CONTRIBUTORS MAHÁTHERA NÁRADA was born in Colombo in 1898. At the age of 18 he was ordained as a novice under the revered teacher, Ven. Pelene Vajirañáóa Mahánáyaka Thera, and at the age of 20 he received the higher ordination. During his 65 years in the Sangha, Ven. Nárada distinguished himself by his piety, his disciplined conduct, and his work in propagating the Buddha Dhamma both in Sri Lanka and abroad. He passed away in Colombo in 1983. Ven. Nárada is best known for his book The Buddha and His Teachings, widely regarded as one of the clearest and most detailed introductions to Theravada Buddhism in English. BHIKKHU BODHI is a Buddhist monk of American nationality, born in New York City in 1944. After completing a doctorate in philosophy at the Claremont Graduate School, he came to Sri Lanka for the purpose of entering the Sangha. He received novice ordination in 1972 and higher ordination in 1973, both under the eminent scholar-monk, Ven. Balangoda Ananda Maitreya, with whom he studied Pali and Dhamma. He is the author of several works on Theravada Buddhism and has edited Ven. Ñáóamoli’s translation of the Majjhima Nikáya (Middle Length Discourses of the Buddha) and translated the Saíyutta Nikáya (Connected Discourses of the Buddha). He has been the President of the Buddhist Publication Society since 1988 and was its Editor from 1984 until 2001. He now resides at Bodhi Monastery in New Jersey in the United States. U REWATA DHAMMA was born in Burma and entered the monastery at an early age. He studied Pali and Theravada Buddhism under various eminent scholar-monks in Burma and passed the highest examination in scriptural studies at the age of 23. In 1953 the then president of Burma awarded him the prestigious title of Sásanadhaja-siripavara- dhammácariya. He studied in India from 1956 to 1967, obtaining a doctorate from the Benares Hindu University. In 1975 he moved to England, where he established a Buddhist centre in Birmingham as his base. For many years he taught meditation and Buddhism at various centres in Europe and the United States. Ven. Rewata Dhamma edited and published the Abhidhammattha Saògaha with the Vibhávinì-Þìká in 1965 and the Visuddhimagga with its Mahá-Þìká in 1970, both in Varanasi. His translation of the Abhidhammattha Saògaha into Hindi, with his own commentary written in Hindi, was published in 1967 and was awarded the Kalidasa Prize by the Hindi Academy as one of the outstanding books of the year. It is used as a textbook in Buddhist studies in many universities in India. In 2002 the Myanmar Government granted him the high title of Aggamahápaóðita. He was a long-time Vice President of the World Buddhist Sangha Council, as well as a founder-member of the International Network of Engaged Buddhists. His book, The First Discourse of the Buddha, is published by Wisdom Publications. Ven. Rewata Dhamma passed away in May 2004. U SILÁNANDA was born in Burma and became a Buddhist monk in 1947. He held two degrees of Dhammácariya (Master of Dhamma) and was a university lecturer in Pali and Buddhist studies in Sagaing and Mandalay. He held a prominent position in the Sixth Buddhist Council, convened in Rangoon in 1954, as the chief compiler of the comprehensive Pali-Burmese Dictionary and as one of the final editors of the Pali Canon and Commentaries. He came to the United States in 1979, where he taught Vipassana meditation, Abhidhamma, and various other aspects of Theravada Buddhism. Ven. Sìlánanda founded the Dhammánanda Vihara and was the Spiritual Director of the Theravada Buddhist Society of America, the Dhammachakka Meditation Center, and the Tathagata Meditation Center in California. For his outstanding contributions to Buddhism, Ven. Sìlánanda was awarded the prestigious titles of Aggamahápaóðita in 1993 and Aggamahásaddhammajotikadhaja in 1999. He was also the Rector of the Theravada Buddhist Missionary University in Yangon. His book, The Four Foundations of Mindfulness, is published by Wisdom Publications. Ven. Sìlánanda passed away in August 2005. GENERAL CONTENTS Detailed Contents ix List of Tables xix Abbreviations xxi Preface xxiii Introduction 1 A MANUAL OF ABHIDHAMMA: I. Compendium of Consciousness 23 II. Compendium of Mental Factors 76 III. Compendium of the Miscellaneous 114 IV. Compendium of the Cognitive Process 149 V. Compendium of the Process-freed 185 VI. Compendium of Matter 234 VII. Compendium of Categories 264 VIII. Compendium of Conditionality 292 IX. Compendium of Meditation Subjects 329 Colophon 365 Notes 369 Appendix I: Textual Sources for the 89 and 121 Cittas 376 Appendix II: Textual Sources for the 52 Mental Factors 379 Bibliography 381 Glossary 387 Index 395 DETAILED CONTENTS CHAPTER I COMPENDIUM OF CONSCIOUSNESS Para Page Words of Praise 1 23 The Fourfold Ultimate Reality 2 25 Four Classes of Consciousness 3 27 SENSE-SPHERE CONSCIOUSNESS 4-17 Unwholesome Consciousness 4-7 Consciousness Rooted in Greed 4 32 Consciousness Rooted in Hatred 5 36 Consciousness Rooted in Delusion 6 37 Summary of Unwholesome Consciousness 7 39 Rootless Consciousness 8-11 Unwholesome-Resultant Consciousness 8 40 Wholesome-Resultant Rootless Consciousness 9 41 Rootless Functional Consciousness 10 44 Summary of Rootless Consciousness 11 45 Beautiful Consciousness 12 45 Sense-Sphere Beautiful Consciousness 13-16 Sense-Sphere Wholesome Consciousness 13 46 Sense-Sphere Resultant Consciousness 14 48 Sense-Sphere Functional Consciousness 15 49 Summary of Sense-Sphere Beautiful Consciousness 16 51 Summary of Sense-Sphere Consciousness 17 51 FINE-MATERIAL-SPHERE CONSCIOUSNESS 18-21 Fine-material-Sphere Wholesome Consciousness 18 52 Fine-material-Sphere Resultant Consciousness 19 53 Fine-material-Sphere Functional Consciousness 20 53 Summary of Fine-material-Sphere Consciousness 21 59 IMMATERIAL-SPHERE CONSCIOUSNESS 22-25 Immaterial-Sphere Wholesome Consciousness 22 60 Immaterial-Sphere Resultant Consciousness 23 61 Immaterial-Sphere Functional Consciousness 24 61 Summary of Immaterial-Sphere Consciousness 25 63 SUPRAMUNDANE CONSCIOUSNESS 26-28 Supramundane Wholesome Consciousness 26 65 Supramundane Resultant Consciousness 27 65 Summary of Supramundane Consciousness 28 65 x A COMPREHENSIVE MANUAL OF ABHIDHAMMA Para. Page Comprehensive Summary of Consciousness 29 68 121 Types of Consciousness 30-32 In Brief 30 71 In Detail 31 71 Concluding Summary 32 73 CHAPTER II COMPENDIUM OF MENTAL FACTORS Introductory Verse 1 76 THE FIFTY-TWO MENTAL FACTORS 2-9 The Ethically Variable Factors 2-3 The Universals 2 77 The Occasionals 3 81 The Unwholesome Factors 4 83 The Beautiful Factors 5-8 The Universal Beautiful Factors 5 85 The Abstinences 6 88 The Illimitables 7 89 Non-Delusion 8 90 Summary of Mental Factors 9 91 ASSOCIATION OF MENTAL FACTORS 10-17 Introductory Verse 10 91 The Ethically Variable Factors 11-12 91 The Unwholesome Factors 13-14 95 The Beautiful Factors 15-16 96 Fixed and Unfixed Adjuncts 17 99 COMBINATIONS OF MENTAL FACTORS 18-30 Introductory Verse 18 100 Supramundane Consciousness 19-20 100 Sublime Consciousness 21-22 102 Sense-Sphere Beautiful Consciousness 23-24 104 Distinctions among the Beautiful Types 25 105 Unwholesome Consciousness 26-27 106 Rootless Consciousness 28-29 108 Conclusion 30 110 CHAPTER III COMPENDIUM OF THE MISCELLANEOUS Introductory Verse 1 114 Compendium of Feeling 2-4 Analysis of Feeling 2 115 Classification by way of Consciousness 3 116 Summary 4 117 CONTENTS xi Para. Page Compendium of Roots 5-7 Analysis of Roots 5 119 Classification by way of Consciousness 6 120 Summary 7 121 Compendium of Functions 8-11 Analysis of Functions 8 122 Classification by way of Consciousness 9 124 Classification by number of Functions 10 128 Summary 11 129 Compendium of Doors 12-15 Analysis of Doors 12 129 Classification by way of Consciousness 13 130 Classification by number of Doors 14 132 Summary 15 134 Compendium of Objects 16-19 Analysis of Objects 16 135 Classification by way of Doors 17 136 Classification by type of Consciousness 18 139 Summary 19 143 Compendium of Bases 20-22 Analysis of Bases 20 144 Classification by way of Consciousness 21 145 Summary 22 148 CHAPTER IV COMPENDIUM OF THE COGNITIVE PROCESS Introductory Verse 1 149 Enumeration of Categories 2-5 The Six Sixes 2 150 Six Types of Consciousness 3 150 Six Processes 4 150 Sixfold Presentation of Objects 5 152 The Five-Door Process 6-11 The Very Great Object 6 153 The Great Object 7 159 The Slight Object 8 159 The Very Slight Object 9 160 Fourfold Presentation of Objects 10 160 Summary 11 162 The Mind-Door Process 12-16 The Limited Javana Process 12 163 Summary 13 166 The Process of Absorption Javanas in the Mind Door 14-16 The Process of Absorption 14 167 Correlations in Absorption 15 169 Summary 16 170 xii A COMPREHENSIVE MANUAL OF ABHIDHAMMA Para.
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