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A Comprehensive Manual of Abhidhamma This eBook is offered freely. If you wish, you may donate and help us continue offering our services. May you be happy! To make a donation, please visit: www.pariyatti.org PARIYATTI 867 Larmon Road Onalaska, Washington 98570 USA 360.978.4998 www.pariyatti.org Pariyatti is a nonprofit organization dedicated to enriching the world by: v Disseminating the words of the Buddha v Providing sustenance for the seeker’s journey v Illuminating the meditator’s path COMPENDIUM OF CONSCIOUSNESS 1 A Comprehensive Manual of Abhidhamma 01titles.p65 1 08/04/2000, 12:26 PM COMPENDIUM OF CONSCIOUSNESS 3 A Comprehensive Manual of Abhidhamma The Abhidhammattha Sangaha of ¾cariya Anuruddha Bhikkhu Bodhi, General Editor Pali text originally edited and translated by Mah±thera N±rada Translation revised by Bhikkhu Bodhi Introduction and explanatory guide by U Rewata Dhamma & Bhikkhu Bodhi Abhidhamma tables by U S²l±nanda BPS PARIYATTI EDITIONS 2007.CompMan.frontmatter.pmd 3 12/4/2006, 10:19 PM BPS PARIYATTI EDITIONs AN IMPRINT OF PARIYATTI PUBLISHING 867 Larmon Road Onalaska, WA 98570 www.pariyatti.org Copyright © 1993, 1999 Buddhist Publication Society All Rights Reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any means whatsoever without the written permission of BPS Pariyatti Editions, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. Published with the consent of the original publisher. Copies of this book for sale in the Americas only. Grateful acknowledgement is made to the Pali Text Society and to Ven. U Silananda for permission to use the Abhidhamma tables indicated in “A Note on the Tables” following the preface. First Edition BPS Pariyatti Edition, 2000 Reprinted 2003, 2007, 2010 PDF eBook, 2012 ISBN: 978-1-928706-02-1 (Print Softcover) ISBN: 978-1-938754-20-3 (PDF eBook) COMPENDIUM OF CONSCIOUSNESS 5 ABOUT THE CONTRIBUTORS MAH¾THERA N¾RADA was born in Colombo in 1898. At the age of 18 he was ordained as a novice under the revered teacher, Ven. Pelene Vajira- ñ±ºa Mah±n±yaka Thera, and at the age of 20 he received the higher ordination. During his 65 years in the Sangha, Ven. N±rada distinguished himself by his piety, his disciplined conduct, and his work in propagating the Buddha Dhamma both in Sri Lanka and abroad. He passed away in Colombo in 1983. Ven. N±rada is best known for his book The Buddha and His Teachings, widely regarded as one of the clearest and most de- tailed introductions to Theravada Buddhism in English. BHIKKHU BODHI is a Buddhist monk of American nationality, born in New York City in 1944. After completing a doctorate in philosophy at the Claremont Graduate School, he came to Sri Lanka for the purpose of entering the Sangha. He received novice ordination in 1972 and higher ordination in 1973, both under the eminent scholar-monk, Ven. Balangoda Ananda Maitreya, with whom he studied Pali and Dhamma. He is the author of several works on Theravada Buddhism, including four translations of major Pali suttas along with their commentaries. Since 1984 he has been the Editor for the Buddhist Publication Society, and since 1988 its President. U REWATA DHAMMA was born in Burma and entered the monastery at an early age. He studied Pali and Theravada Buddhism under various eminent scholar-monks in Burma and passed the highest examination in scriptural studies at the age of 23. In 1953 the then president of Burma awarded him the prestigious title of S±sanadhaja-siripavara-dham- m±cariya. He studied in India from 1956 to 1967, obtaining a doctorate from the Benares Hindu University. In 1975 he moved to England, where he established a Buddhist centre in Birmingham as his base, and he now teaches meditation and Buddhism at various centres in Europe and the United States. Ven. Rewata Dhamma edited and published the Abhi- dhammattha Sangaha with the Vibh±vin²-ݲk± in 1965 and the Visuddhimagga with its Mah±-ݲk± in 1970, both in Varanasi. His trans- lation of the Abhidhammattha Sangaha into Hindi, with his own com- mentary written in Hindi, was published in 1967 and was awarded the Kalidasa Prize by the Hindi Academy as one of the outstanding books of the year. It is used as a textbook in Buddhist studies in many univer- sities in India. 01titles.p65 5 08/04/2000, 12:26 PM 6 A COMPREHENSIVE MANUAL OF ABHIDHAMMA U S¿L¾NANDA was born in Burma and has been a Buddhist monk since 1947. He holds two degrees of Dhamm±cariya (Master of Dhamma) and was a university lecturer in Pali and Buddhist studies in Sagaing and Mandalay. He held a prominent position in the Sixth Buddhist Council, convened in Rangoon in 1954, as the chief compiler of the comprehen- sive Pali-Burmese Dictionary and as one of the final editors of the Pali Canon and Commentaries. Since 1979 he has been living in the United States, where he teaches Vipassana meditation, Abhidhamma, and vari- ous other aspects of Theravada Buddhism. Ven. S²l±nanda is the Founder- abbot of the Dhamm±nanda Vihara and the Spiritual Director of the Theravada Buddhist Society of America and the Dhammachakka Medi- tation Center in California. His book The Four Foundations of Mind- fulness is published by Wisdom Publications. 01titles.p65 6 08/16/2000, 12:18 PM CONTENTS vii GENERAL CONTENTS Detailed Contents ix List of Tables xix Abbreviations xxi Preface xxiii Introduction 1 A MANUAL OF ABHIDHAMMA: I. Compendium of Consciousness 23 II. Compendium of Mental Factors 76 III. Compendium of the Miscellaneous 114 IV. Compendium of the Cognitive Process 149 V. Compendium of the Process-freed 185 VI. Compendium of Matter 234 VII. Compendium of Categories 264 VIII. Compendium of Conditionality 292 IX. Compendium of Meditation Subjects 329 Colophon 365 Notes 369 Appendix I: Textual Sources for the 89 and 121 Cittas 376 Appendix II: Textual Sources for the 52 Mental Factors 379 Bibliography 381 Glossary 387 Index 395 Special Acknowledgement 02cont.p65 7 08/04/2000, 12:26 PM viii A COMPREHENSIVE MANUAL OF ABHIDHAMMA 02cont.p65 8 08/04/2000, 12:26 PM DETAILED CONTENTS CHAPTER I COMPENDIUM OF CONSCIOUSNESS Para Page Words of Praise 1 23 The Fourfold Ultimate Reality 2 25 Four Classes of Consciousness 3 27 SENSE-SPHERE CONSCIOUSNESS 4-17 Unwholesome Consciousness 4-7 Consciousness Rooted in Greed 4 32 Consciousness Rooted in Hatred 5 36 Consciousness Rooted in Delusion 6 37 Summary of Unwholesome Consciousness 7 39 Rootless Consciousness 8-11 Unwholesome-Resultant Consciousness 8 40 Wholesome-Resultant Rootless Consciousness 9 41 Rootless Functional Consciousness 10 44 Summary of Rootless Consciousness 11 45 Beautiful Consciousness 12 45 Sense-Sphere Beautiful Consciousness 13-16 Sense-Sphere Wholesome Consciousness 13 46 Sense-Sphere Resultant Consciousness 14 48 Sense-Sphere Functional Consciousness 15 49 Summary of Sense-Sphere Beautiful Consciousness 16 51 Summary of Sense-Sphere Consciousness 17 51 FINE-MATERIAL-SPHERE CONSCIOUSNESS 18-21 Fine-material-Sphere Wholesome Consciousness 18 52 Fine-material-Sphere Resultant Consciousness 19 53 Fine-material-Sphere Functional Consciousness 20 53 Summary of Fine-material-Sphere Consciousness 21 59 IMMATERIAL-SPHERE CONSCIOUSNESS 22-25 Immaterial-Sphere Wholesome Consciousness 22 60 Immaterial-Sphere Resultant Consciousness 23 61 Immaterial-Sphere Functional Consciousness 24 61 Summary of Immaterial-Sphere Consciousness 25 63 SUPRAMUNDANE CONSCIOUSNESS 26-28 Supramundane Wholesome Consciousness 26 65 Supramundane Resultant Consciousness 27 65 Summary of Supramundane Consciousness 28 65 02cont.p65 9 08/04/2000, 12:26 PM x A COMPREHENSIVE MANUAL OF ABHIDHAMMA Para. Page Comprehensive Summary of Consciousness 29 68 121 Types of Consciousness 30-32 In Brief 30 71 In Detail 31 71 Concluding Summary 32 73 CHAPTER II COMPENDIUM OF MENTAL FACTORS Introductory Verse 1 76 THE FIFTY-TWO MENTAL FACTORS 2-9 The Ethically Variable Factors 2-3 The Universals 2 77 The Occasionals 3 81 The Unwholesome Factors 4 83 The Beautiful Factors 5-8 The Universal Beautiful Factors 5 85 The Abstinences 6 88 The Illimitables 7 89 Non-Delusion 8 90 Summary of Mental Factors 9 91 ASSOCIATION OF MENTAL FACTORS 10-17 Introductory Verse 10 91 The Ethically Variable Factors 11-12 91 The Unwholesome Factors 13-14 95 The Beautiful Factors 15-16 96 Fixed and Unfixed Adjuncts 17 99 COMBINATIONS OF MENTAL FACTORS 18-30 Introductory Verse 18 100 Supramundane Consciousness 19-20 100 Sublime Consciousness 21-22 102 Sense-Sphere Beautiful Consciousness 23-24 104 Distinctions among the Beautiful Types 25 105 Unwholesome Consciousness 26-27 106 Rootless Consciousness 28-29 108 Conclusion 30 110 CHAPTER III COMPENDIUM OF THE MISCELLANEOUS Introductory Verse 1 114 Compendium of Feeling 2-4 Analysis of Feeling 2 115 Classification by way of Consciousness 3 116 Summary 4 117 02cont.p65 10 08/04/2000, 12:26 PM CONTENTS xi Para. Page Compendium of Roots 5-7 Analysis of Roots 5 119 Classification by way of Consciousness 6 120 Summary 7 121 Compendium of Functions 8-11 Analysis of Functions 8 122 Classification by way of Consciousness 9 124 Classification by number of Functions 10 128 Summary 11 129 Compendium of Doors 12-15 Analysis of Doors 12 129 Classification by way of Consciousness 13 130 Classification by number of Doors 14 132 Summary 15 134 Compendium of Objects 16-19 Analysis of Objects 16 135 Classification by way of Doors 17 136 Classification by type of Consciousness 18 139 Summary 19 143 Compendium of Bases 20-22 Analysis of Bases 20 144 Classification by way of Consciousness 21 145 Summary 22 148 CHAPTER IV COMPENDIUM OF THE COGNITIVE PROCESS Introductory Verse 1 149 Enumeration of Categories 2-5 The Six Sixes 2 150 Six Types of Consciousness 3 150 Six Processes 4 150 Sixfold Presentation of Objects 5 152 The Five-Door Process 6-11 The Very Great Object 6 153 The Great Object 7 159 The Slight Object 8 159 The Very Slight Object 9 160 Fourfold Presentation of Objects 10 160 Summary 11 162 The Mind-Door Process 12-16 The Limited Javana Process 12 163 Summary 13 166 The Process of Absorption Javanas in the Mind Door 14-16 The Process of Absorption 14 167 Correlations in Absorption 15 169 Summary 16 170 02cont.p65 11 08/04/2000, 12:26 PM xii A COMPREHENSIVE MANUAL OF ABHIDHAMMA Para.
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