Satpal Bisht et al. / Journal of Pharmacy Research 2012,5(1),428-429 Research Article Available online through ISSN: 0974-6943 http://jprsolutions.info Evaluation of indicator and antioxidant activity of hybrid rose (Rosa hybrida) Satpal Bisht *, Rojita Mishra, Amrita Panda ,B.Praveen ,Koustava Panda and Tripti Sahu Department of Biotechnology,Roland Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Berhampur- 760010, Orissa, India Received on:20-09-2011; Revised on: 15-10-2011; Accepted on:10-12-2011

ABSTRACT Rosa hybrida cv. Menu Pearl and cv. Cri Cri are hybrid tea roses. The petal extract of Rosa hybrida cv. Menu Pearl and cv. Cri Cri was tested as natural indicator in acid base titrations instead of the synthetic and other conventionally used indicators. Methanolic petal extract of cv. Menu Pearl when used as indicators showed coincidence point’s equivalent to phenolphthalein. Rose hips were analyzed by titration for the presence of vitamin C. Crude rose hips extract (unripe) of cv. Menu Pearl contained 325(w/w %) and cv. Cri Cri 112.5 (w/w%) Vitamin C. Even the flower petals contained Vitamin C twice the amount present in lemon and orange.

Key Words: Rosa hybrida, Synthetic indicator, Vitamin C INTRODUCTION Rose is one of the most important ornamental flower immensely loved world slightly soft. Rose hips contain high concentration of ascorbic acid. Com- wide due to its fascinating beauty, mesmerizing fragrance, preventive and pletely ripe fruits contain ash, crude oil, crude energy, crude fiber, crude cosmetic medicinal benefits. The German chemist Richard Willstätter [1] protein, ascorbic acid, dimethyl sulfite and minerals including K, P, Mg, Ca made the first breakthrough towards the understanding of the chemical struc- and Fe [5]. ture of plant pigments and how colors could vary from plant to plant. He demonstrated that anthocyanins are glucosides, which are responsible for MATERIAL AND METHODS pigmentation. He also showed that the color of a plant doesn’t depend only Hybrid rose plants were collected from Regional Plant Resource Centre, on the pigment’s structure but also the plant’s sap or precisely its physi- Bhubhaneswar, Orissa and authenticated. Petals were dried in shade, crushed ological pH and the concentration of the pigments themselves. Rose flower mechanically in methanol followed by centrifugation to get the extract. Hy- color is primarily composed of structurally simple cyanidin 3, 5-diglucoside drochloric acid, Sodium hydroxide, Acetic acid and Phenolphthalein were [2]. procured from the MERCK. Reagents and volumetric solutions were pre- pared as per Indian Pharmacopoeia.(I.P 1996)The indicator activity of the Acid-base indicators are commonly employed to mark the end of an acid- rose petals of Rosa hybrida cv. Menu Pearl was tested titrimetrically [3] base titration or to measure the existing pH of a solution. Anthocyanins show remarkable change in color with the change in pH due to this property The vitamin C content was quantified using Iodine titration method with it gives an opportunity to use it as an acid base titration indicator rather than minor modifications. KIO3 and KI procured from Sigma Aldrich. A 0.010 M the conventional indicators like Phenolphthalein and methyl orange which solution of KIO3 was prepared as a primary standard and titrated by an are chemical based and may cause health hazards. The methanolic extracts of iodometric procedure against a solution of sodium thiosulfate. In this way, rose flower petals can be used as indicators in acid base titrations. The the concentration of the thiosulfate solution was determined to be 0.075 M. isolation of pure compounds responsible for indicator activity can facilitate Using 50.00 ml of this standard iodate solution, a corresponding quantity of better understanding of the underlying principle of indicators and new theo- I3- was generated and some of this I3- was allowed to react with ascorbic acid ries of indicators could be established [3]. An antioxidant is a molecule ca- present in the rose hips, lemon, orange and Standard. [6] pable of inhibiting the oxidation of other molecules. Antioxidants terminate chain reactions by removing free radical intermediates and inhibit other oxi- RESULTS dation reactions. They do this by being oxidized themselves, so antioxidants The indicator activity of methanolic rose petal extract was analyzed com- are often reducing agents such as thiols, ascorbic acid or polyphenols. [4] pared with phenolphthalein in standard acid base titrations and the color Rose hips are the berry-like fruits of the rose bush left after the bloom dies. change observed was from light pink at the starting point to yellowish orange Rose hips have a tangy, fruity flavor similar to that of cranberries. The fruits at reaching the end point as mentioned in the table 1. are best harvested after the first frost, which makes them turn bright red and Table 1: Parameters for Titration

Titrant Titrate Indicator color change and pH range *Corresponding author. Standard Petal extract Dr. Sat Pal Singh Bisht , Professor & Head HCl NaOH Color less to pink Light pink to yellowish orange CH COOH NaOH Color less to pink Light pink to yellowish orange P.G. Department of Biotechnology 3 Roland Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Berhampur-760010 (Orissa) India. Table 2: Mean volume in ml at the Equivalent point of titration

Titrant Titrate Standard indicator CV Menu Pearl (phenolphthalein) in ml Rose Indicator, in ml

HCl(1N) NaOH(1N) 1.1 ± 0.3 1.3 ± 0.1

CH3COOH(1N) NaOH(1N) 9.3 ± 0.1 9.5 ± 0.2

Journal of Pharmacy Research Vol.5 Issue 1.January 2012 428-429 Satpal Bisht et al. / Journal of Pharmacy Research 2012,5(1),428-429 The vitamin C concentration in each of the samples was calculated according times as that of the amount of vitamin C present in orange or lemon. Even the to [6] and the results shown the high concentration of vitamin C is present in flower petals of both the varieties contain about two times the vitamin C as unripe rose hips of Rosa hybrida cv.Menu Pearl and cv.Cri Cri. that of lemon or orange. The present investigation further substantiates the studies of other workers too [9] therefore it needs more investigations Table 3: Comparison of Vitamin C to establish hybrid rose as a noble source of Vitamin C and an effective Source Sample Vitamin C concentration antioxidant. (w/w% )

Standard 59.30 REFERENCES Orange 50 1. Nobel Prize Presentation, 1915 (The Nobel Foundation), Press release Lemon 50 issued in 1915 describing Willstätter’s pioneering work in plant cv. Menu Pearl rose petal 112.5 pigment chemistry. http ://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/ cv. Menu Pearl rose hip 325 cv. Cri Cri rose petal 55 chemistry/laureates/1915/willstatter-lecture.pdf. cv. Cri Cri rose hip 115 2. Jun o, Yoshiaki K, Hidehito T et al ,Plant Biochemistry, Anthocya- nin Biosynthesis in roses, Nature 435: 2005: 757. 758. DISCUSSION 3. Vishwas C. B, Radheshyam D P, Channekar PR et al Herbal Indica- Methanolic extracts of cv. Menu pearl rose petals were tested positive to use tors as a substituent to synthetic indicators, International Journal of as natural indicators in acid base titrations instead of the chemical based Green Pharmacy,2(3); 2008:162-163. 4. Sies H ,”Oxidative stress: oxidants and antioxidants” Exp Physiol; indicators i.e. phenolphthalein and it was also observed that the equivalence 82 (2); 1997: 291–295. points obtained by the rose petal extract was coinciding with the equiva- 5. Fikret D and Musa Ö , Chemical and technological properties of rose lence point obtained by standard indicator. Extracts of many other flowers (Rosa canina L.) fruits grown wild in Turkey, Journal of Food Engi- like Rosa indica, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis [3] were also tested for indicator neering,47(4); 2001 :333-336. activity and their use was found as useful, economical, simple and accurate 6. Harris, D. C. Quantitative Chemical Analysis. 5th ed.: W. H. Freeman for acid base titrations methods. The results obtained shown that the rou- & Company, New York. 2000; Chapter 7. tinely used indicators can be replaced successfully by flower extracts as they 7. Gazivoda T., Raic-Malic S and Marjanovic M et al, The novel C-5 are simple and accurate and can be prepared instantly.Ascorbic acid is a aryl, alkenyl, and alkynyl substituted uracil derivatives of l-ascorbic acid: Synthesis, cytostatic, and antiviral activity evaluations Bioor- water-soluble vitamin and is important in forming collagen, a protein that ganic & Medicinal Chem, 15(2) ; 2007: 749-758. gives structure to bones, muscles and blood vessels. It has been suggested 8. Erdurak-Kiliç C.S, Uslu B.and Dogan. B et al , Anodic Volta metric that it is an effective antiviral agent. In addition, ascorbic acid has been behavior of ascorbic acid and its selective determination in pharma- widely used in the pharmaceutical, chemical, cosmetic and food industry as ceutical dosage forms and some Rosa species of Turkey J. Anal. an antioxidant [7-8]. World Health Organization (WHO) suggests that an Chem.,61; 2006 :1113-1120. uptake of minimum of 60mg of vitamin C daily is required to sustain a 9. Saeed N, Faezeh K and Fatemeh M. K, et al , Extraction and quanti- healthy life. The results shown that the vitamin C content in the hips of cv. tative determination of ascorbic acid during different maturity stages Menu Pearl was about six times whereas the hips of cv. Cri cri was about two of Rosa canina L. fruit, Journal of Food Composition and Analy- sis,21(,4); 2008: 300-305.

Source of support: Nil, Conflict of interest: None Declared

Journal of Pharmacy Research Vol.5 Issue 1.January 2012 428-429