The Frame of the Phaedo Matthew Hiscock
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PLATO's SYMPOSIUM J
50 ccn~ PLATO'S SYMPOSIUM j - - -- ________j e Library of Liberal Arts PLATO'S SYMPOSIUM Tran lated by BENJAMIN JOWETT With an Introduction by FULTON H. ANDERSON Professor of Philosophy, University of Toronto THE LIBERAL ARTS PRESS NEW YORK CONTENTS SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY .. .... ................................... ......... ... ........... 6 EDITOR'S INTRODUCTION ................... ............................................. 7 SYMPOSIUM APOLLODORUS 13 THE SPEECH OF PHAEDRUS ...... .......................... .......................... .. 19 THE SPEECH OF PAU ANIAS ................. ... ................................. ... .. 21 THE SPEECH OF ERYXIMACHUS 27 THE SPEECH OF ARISTOPHAN E .. ............................... .................. 30 THE SPEECH OF AGATHON ............ .............................................. .. 35 THE SPEECH OF SocRATES ................................ .. ................... ..... .. 39 THE SPEECH OF ALCIBIADES ................. ............... ... ........... ...... .... .. 55 8 PLATO INTROD CTION 9 crescendo, and culminates in the report by Socrates on wi dom and epistemology, upon all of which the Symposium ha bearing, learned from the "wi e" woman Diotima. are intertwined, we m ay set down briefly a few of the more general The dialogue i a "reported" one. Plato himself could not have principles which are to be found in it author's many-sided thought. been present at the original party. (What went on there was told The human soul, a cording to Plato, is es entially in motion. time and time again about Athens.) He was a mere boy when it It is li fe and the integration of living functions. A dead soul is a con took place. Nor could the narrator Apollodorus have been a guest; _lladiction in terms. Man throughout his whole nature is erotically he was too young at the time. The latter got his report from motivated. His "love" or desire i manifest in three mutually in Aristodemus, a guest at the banquet. -
Faunal Remains
This is a repository copy of Faunal remains. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/169068/ Version: Published Version Book Section: Halstead, P. orcid.org/0000-0002-3347-0637 (2020) Faunal remains. In: Wright, J.C. and Dabney, M.K., (eds.) The Mycenaean Settlement on Tsoungiza Hill. Nemea Valley Archaeological Project (III). American School of Classical Studies at Athens , Princeton, New Jersey , pp. 1077-1158. ISBN 9780876619247 Copyright © 2020 American School of Classical Studies at Athens, originally published in The Mycenaean Settlement on Tsoungiza Hill (Nemea Valley Archaeological Project III), by James C. Wright and Mary K. Dabney. This offprint is supplied for personal, noncommercial use only. Reuse Items deposited in White Rose Research Online are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved unless indicated otherwise. They may be downloaded and/or printed for private study, or other acts as permitted by national copyright laws. The publisher or other rights holders may allow further reproduction and re-use of the full text version. This is indicated by the licence information on the White Rose Research Online record for the item. Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ Copyright © 2020 American School of Classical Studies at Athens, originally published in The Mycenaean Settlement on Tsoungiza Hill (Nemea Valley Archaeological Project III), by James C. -
Ritualdynamics
Originalveröffentlichung in: H.F.J. Horstmanshoff- H.W. Singor- F.T. van Straten - J.H.M. Strubbe (eds.), Kykeon. Studies in Honour of H.S. Versnel, Leiden-Boston-Cologne: Brill 2002, S. 23-48 RITUAL DYNAMICS: THE BOIOTIAN FESTIVAL OF THE DAIDALA ANGELOS CHANIOTIS 1. Sources and puzzles In Turkish folkore Nasreddin Hoca is a representative of populär wisdom; his stories are well-known in Greece as well. One of them goes as follows: Nasreddin Hoca had been appointed as a judge in a dispute between two men. After the plaintiff had presented his case, Nasreddin Hoca looked at him and said: 'You are right'. Then it was the defendant's turn to present his argument and, again, Hoca's response was the same: 'You are right'. Thereupon one of the on- lookers at the trial turned to Hoca and said: 'You are the judge; you have to pass a judgment now'. Hoca looked at him calmly and an- swered: 'You are right, too'. Whenever I heard this story as a child, I laughed, but at the same time I was puzzled about its meaning. I still am, but I can not help thinking of this story whenever I read different interpretations of the same Greek festival. Of course, not everyone is right, but there is hardly any study which does not offer a new interesting insight. I also could not help thinking of Hoca's story again, when I read the jacket of the second volume of the Inconsistencies in Greek and Roman Religion. There, Henk Versnel expresses his conviction 'that the three approaches to religion known as "sub- stantivistic", functionalist and cultural-symbolic respectively, need not be mutually exclusive.' If I have chosen such a puzzling festival as the Daidala for this paper in honor of Henk Versnel, it is because I think that it pre- sents an interesting case of a ritual, in the study of which different interpretative approaches are not mutually exclusive or contradic- tory, but complementary. -
The Historicity of Plato's Apology of Socrates
Loyola University Chicago Loyola eCommons Master's Theses Theses and Dissertations 1946 The Historicity of Plato's Apology of Socrates David J. Bowman Loyola University Chicago Follow this and additional works at: https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_theses Part of the Classical Literature and Philology Commons Recommended Citation Bowman, David J., "The Historicity of Plato's Apology of Socrates" (1946). Master's Theses. 61. https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_theses/61 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Loyola eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of Loyola eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License. Copyright © 1946 David J. Bowman !HE HISTORICITY OP PLATO'S APOLOGY OF SOCRATES BY DA.VID J. BOWJWf~ S.J• .l. !BESIS SUBMITTED Ilf PARTIAL FULFILIJIE.NT OF THB: R}gQUIRE'IIENTS POR THE DEGREE OF IIA.STER OF ARTS Ill LOYOLA UlfiVERSITY JULY 1946 -VI'fA. David J. Bowman; S.J•• was born in Oak Park, Ill1no1a, on Ma7 20, 1919. Atter b!a eleaentar7 education at Ascension School# in Oak Park, he attended LoJola AcademJ ot Chicago, graduat1DS .from. there in June, 1937. On September 1, 1937# he entered the Sacred Heart Novitiate ot the SocietJ ot Jesus at Milford~ Ohio. Por the tour Jear• he spent there, he was aoademicallJ connected with Xavier Univeraitr, Cincinnati, Ohio. In August ot 1941 he tranaterred to West Baden College o.f Lorol& Universit7, Obicago, and received the degree ot Bachelor o.f Arts with a major in Greek in Deo.aber, 1941. -
Plato's Symposium: the Ethics of Desire
Plato’s Symposium: The Ethics of Desire FRISBEE C. C. SHEFFIELD 1 Contents Introduction 1 1. Ero¯s and the Good Life 8 2. Socrates’ Speech: The Nature of Ero¯s 40 3. Socrates’ Speech: The Aim of Ero¯s 75 4. Socrates’ Speech: The Activity of Ero¯s 112 5. Socrates’ Speech: Concern for Others? 154 6. ‘Nothing to do with Human AVairs?’: Alcibiades’ Response to Socrates 183 7. Shadow Lovers: The Symposiasts and Socrates 207 Conclusion 225 Appendix : Socratic Psychology or Tripartition in the Symposium? 227 References 240 Index 249 Introduction In the Symposium Plato invites us to imagine the following scene: A pair of lovers are locked in an embrace and Hephaestus stands over them with his mending tools asking: ‘What is it that you human beings really want from each other?’ The lovers are puzzled, and he asks them again: ‘Is this your heart’s desire, for the two of you to become parts of the same whole, and never to separate, day or night? If that is your desire, I’d like to weld you together and join you into something whole, so that the two of you are made into one. Look at your love and see if this is what you desire: wouldn’t this be all that you want?’ No one, apparently, would think that mere sex is the reason each lover takes such deep joy in being with the other. The soul of each lover apparently longs for something else, but cannot say what it is. The beloved holds out the promise of something beyond itself, but that something lovers are unable to name.1 Hephaestus’ question is a pressing one. -
On the Arrangement of the Platonic Dialogues
Ryan C. Fowler 25th Hour On the Arrangement of the Platonic Dialogues I. Thrasyllus a. Diogenes Laertius (D.L.), Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers 3.56: “But, just as long ago in tragedy the chorus was the only actor, and afterwards, in order to give the chorus breathing space, Thespis devised a single actor, Aeschylus a second, Sophocles a third, and thus tragedy was completed, so too with philosophy: in early times it discoursed on one subject only, namely physics, then Socrates added the second subject, ethics, and Plato the third, dialectics, and so brought philosophy to perfection. Thrasyllus says that he [Plato] published his dialogues in tetralogies, like those of the tragic poets. Thus they contended with four plays at the Dionysia, the Lenaea, the Panathenaea and the festival of Chytri. Of the four plays the last was a satiric drama; and the four together were called a tetralogy.” b. Characters or types of dialogues (D.L. 3.49): 1. instructive (ὑφηγητικός) A. theoretical (θεωρηµατικόν) a. physical (φυσικόν) b. logical (λογικόν) B. practical (πρακτικόν) a. ethical (ἠθικόν) b. political (πολιτικόν) 2. investigative (ζητητικός) A. training the mind (γυµναστικός) a. obstetrical (µαιευτικός) b. tentative (πειραστικός) B. victory in controversy (ἀγωνιστικός) a. critical (ἐνδεικτικός) b. subversive (ἀνατρεπτικός) c. Thrasyllan categories of the dialogues (D.L. 3.50-1): Physics: Timaeus Logic: Statesman, Cratylus, Parmenides, and Sophist Ethics: Apology, Crito, Phaedo, Phaedrus, Symposium, Menexenus, Clitophon, the Letters, Philebus, Hipparchus, Rivals Politics: Republic, the Laws, Minos, Epinomis, Atlantis Obstetrics: Alcibiades 1 and 2, Theages, Lysis, Laches Tentative: Euthyphro, Meno, Io, Charmides and Theaetetus Critical: Protagoras Subversive: Euthydemus, Gorgias, and Hippias 1 and 2 :1 d. -
ION: Plato's Defense of Poetry Critical Introduction We
ION: Plato's defense of poetry Critical Introduction We occasionally use a word as a position marker. For example, the word 'Plato' is most often used to mark an anti-poetic position in the "old quarrel" between philosophy and poetry. Occasionally that marker is shifted slightly, but even in those cases it does not shift much. So, W.K.C. Guthrie in his magisterial History of Greek Philosophy1 can conclude [Plato] never flinched from the thesis that poets, unlike philosophers, wrote without knowledge and without regard to the moral effect of their poems, and that therefore they must either be banned or censored (Vol IV, 211). Generally, studies of individual dialogues take such markers as their interpretative horizon. So, Kenneth Dorter,2 who sees the importance of the Ion as "the only dialogue which discusses art in its own terms at all" (65) begins his article with the statement There is no question that Plato regarded art as a serious and dangerous rival to philosophy—this is a theme that remains constant from the very early Ion to the very late Laws (65). Even in those very rare instances where the marker is itself brought into question, as Julius Elias' Plato's Defence of Poetry3 attempts to do, the one dialogue in which Plato picks up poetry (rather than rhetoric) on its own account and not in an explicitly political or educational setting—the Ion—is overlooked entirely or given quite short shrift. Elias, after a two paragraph summary of the dialogue says "almost anybody could defend poetry better than Ion; we must look elsewhere for weightier arguments and worthier opponents" (6) and does not refer to the dialogue again in his book. -
The Rationality of Plato's Theory of Good and Evil
Wilfrid Laurier University Scholars Commons @ Laurier Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive) 1979 The Rationality of Plato’s Theory of Good and Evil Allan A. Davis Wilfrid Laurier University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.wlu.ca/etd Part of the Philosophy Commons Recommended Citation Davis, Allan A., "The Rationality of Plato’s Theory of Good and Evil" (1979). Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive). 1508. https://scholars.wlu.ca/etd/1508 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Scholars Commons @ Laurier. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive) by an authorized administrator of Scholars Commons @ Laurier. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ABSTRACT Plato has been called the "father of rational theology." This thesis is an attempt to examine in the light of contemporary Platonic scholarship five of Plato's essentially religious doctrines insofar as they support the idea that Plato's theory of good and evil is rational. Chapters 1 and 2 examine the plausibility of Plato's theory of knowledge. Chapter 3 states briefly his theory of Forms, while Chapter 4 attempts to give this doctrine credence by analysing those aspects of it which seem least convincing. Chapters 5 and 6 consider Plato's theory of soul and conclude that, although some of his beliefs in this area lack credibility, his interpretation of the nature and function of soul is basically plausible. Chapters 7 and 8 examine the rationality of Plato's Idea of the Good. Chapter 9 sketches his notion of balance and proportion and, in conclusion, Chapter 10 attempts to show how this theory provides an underlying credibility not only to all the theories discussed but also to Plato's theory of good and evil in its entirety. -
An Apology of Euripides: Defending the Poets
[Expositions 11.1 (2017) 118–137] Expositions (online) ISSN: 1747–5376 An Apology of Euripides: Defending the Poets MARLENE K. SOKOLON Concordia University One of the main prosecutors of Socrates on charges of impiety and corruption in 399 B.C.E. was the poet Miletus. In Plato’s version of his Apology (22b), Socrates defends himself by pointing out that poets are merely inspired and their audiences are better at explaining their poems.1 This critique of poetry is found and developed across Plato’s corpus, especially in the Republic (604b– 608d) where Socrates ends the ancient quarrel by exiling the poets from the city and philosophic education. This banishment, however, unleashed a new quarrel as to the meaning of Socrates’ critique of poetry, especially in light of his generous use of poetic elements in Plato’s dialogues. Generally, this debate has examined whether Socrates’ critique is ironic from the philosopher’s perspective. In contrast, this analysis takes up Socrates’ explicit challenge in the Republic (607e) for a defender (prostatēs) to give apology of poetry demonstrating that it is not simply pleasant but beneficial to regimes and human life. Offering two of Euripides’ plays in defense—Suppliant Women and Ion—the article investigates Euripides’ poetic contribution to understanding two enduring questions of political philosophy: what is the best regime; and what is the role of myth in political origin. Importantly, Euripides provides a serious account of such questions and reveals that a poetic education may be not only beneficial, but essential in any democratic regime. Socrates’ Critique of the Poets In Plato’s Apology, Socrates’ critique of the poets appears in the context of his defense against his old accusers. -
A Companion to Greek Religion
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by OpenEdition Kernos Revue internationale et pluridisciplinaire de religion grecque antique 21 | 2008 Varia Daniel OGDEN (ed.), A Companion to Greek Religion Joannis Mylonopoulos Electronic version URL: http://journals.openedition.org/kernos/1683 ISSN: 2034-7871 Publisher Centre international d'étude de la religion grecque antique Printed version Date of publication: 1 January 2008 ISSN: 0776-3824 Electronic reference Joannis Mylonopoulos, « Daniel OGDEN (ed.), A Companion to Greek Religion », Kernos [Online], 21 | 2008, Online since 15 September 2011, connection on 21 April 2019. URL : http:// journals.openedition.org/kernos/1683 Kernos RevuedesL vres 319 2. Comptes rendus et notices 1i1liogr phiques Dan elO8DEN(ed.),A Companion to ree) Religion,Oxford,BlackEell,2007.1 vol.18×2Icm,097p.(Blac)well Companions to the Ancient.orld).ISBN:978+1+ 00I1+20I0+8. Recent scholarsh p n the f eld of Class cs s def n tely dom nated by compan ons, ntroduct ons,asEellasEinf-hrungen tol terallyalmosteveryth ng,and t sleg t matetoask hoEnecessarytheyreallyare,EhethertheyaddneE ns ghtstoourknoEledge,ordothey s mplyrepresenttheproductofaneEscholarlyfast+food+era?Itshouldbestressedfrom theverybeg nn ngthatth sneEcompan oncerta nlydoesnotbelongtothelastcategory, for the sheer Qcollect onR of renoEned contr butors guarantees the h ghest standards. Nevertheless,already nh s ntroductorynote,theed torrevealsthebook’smost mportant Eeakness2 although Ee may or may not agree -
Inspiration and Τέχνη: Divination in Plato's
AARON LANDRY | 85 Inspiration INTRODUCTION and Τέχνη: In Plato’s Ion, inspiration functions in con- Divination in tradistinction to technē.1 Since Ion’s rhapso- dic expertise does not stand up to Socrates’ Plato’s Ion epistemological critique, his performances of Homer cannot stem from knowledge, but from elsewhere, from divine inspiration. The two are presented as a strict disjunction. Yet in both cases there is an appeal to divination. If rhapsody, and poetry by extension, cannot synthesize the two, why does Socrates seem 2 Aaron Landry to think that divination can? This puzzle has Humber College caused quite a bit of consternation about the 3 [email protected] value and subject matter of the dialogue. In particular, it is unclear what Socrates thinks about the nature of poetic and rhapsodic ins- piration. In this essay, I will argue that divi- nation constitutes an alternate, and improved, framework for Ion to model his expertise on. By clarifying the role and scope of divination in the Ion, I aim to show that Socrates’ disjunctive account – inspiration or technē – can actually be integrated. In so doing, I argue that there are in fact positive philosophical theses latent ABSTRACT in the dialogue. In part I, I rehearse the contrasting accoun- In Plato’s Ion, inspiration functions in ts of divination in the dialogue. In the first argumentative exchange, divination is refe- contradistinction to technē. Yet, paradoxically, in both cases, there is an appeal to divination. renced as a paradigmatic technē. The seer is I interrogate this in order to show how these best equipped to speak about the contrasting two disparate accounts can be accommodat- depictions of divination given by Homer and ed. -
Excavations at Phlius, 1924 the Prehistoric Deposits
EXCAVATIONS AT PHLIUS, 1924 THE PREHISTORICDEPOSITS (PLATES 113-118) J N 1924 the AmericanSchool of ClassicalStudies undertooka test excavationat the site of ancient Phlius, which is situated in the Peloponnesos west of the site of ancient Nemea. Designed as a preliminary investigation prior to further excava- tions, the excavators sank numerous trenches on and around the hill which contains the acropolis of the ancient city. A large amount of material was recovered from the scattered trenches but it was never studied and only an abbreviated excavation report was published.' At the end of the season most of the finds from the excavation were packed in wooden boxes, without any preliminary washing, sorting or mending, and stored in the Old Museum at Old Corinth. They rested where they had been placed for forty years until they were unpacked and studied by this writer beginning in the summer of 1964.2 They were found to belong to practically all periods of Greek history, beginning with the Early Neolithic and extending to the Turkish. The boxes unfortunately yielded thoroughly mixed contents, due to the test nature of the excava- tion itself and the circumstances of storage where some mixing had occurred throtlglh collapses. The prehistoric material could, however, be readily identified and segre- gated for study and it is with this material that this article is concerned. A later article will treat a Votive Deposit datable to the seventh and sixth centuries B.C.which was also found on the site. THE EXCAVATION The site of Phlius is situated in a broad plain and consists of a long ridge, which extends westwards from the encircling hills, and the plain immediately around it on its north, south and west sides (Fig.