Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air Wilayah Sungai Mahakam
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POLA PENGELOLAAN SUMBER DAYA AIR WILAYAH SUNGAI MAHAKAM TAHUN 2017 DAFTAR ISI DAFTAR ISI .................................................................................................. ii DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................ v DAFTAR GAMBAR ...................................................................................... viii BAB I PENDAHULUAN ................................................................................... 1 1.1 Latar Belakang ..................................................................................... 1 1.2 Maksud, Tujuan, dan Sasaran ............................................................. 6 1.3 Isu-isu Strategis ................................................................................... 7 1.3.1 Isu Strategis Nasional ........................................................................7 1.3.2 Isu Strategis Lokal........................................................................... 11 BAB II KONDISI PADA WILAYAH SUNGAI ..................................................... 25 2.1 Peraturan Perundang-undangan di Bidang Sumber Daya Air dan Peraturan Terkait Lainnya .................................................................. 25 2.2 Kebijakan Dalam Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air ................................. 28 2.2.1 Kebijakan Nasional .......................................................................... 28 2.2.2 Kebijakan Lokal Pemerintah Daerah Terkait Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air ........................................................................................ 29 2.3 Inventarisasi Data .............................................................................. 32 2.3.1 Data Umum .................................................................................... 32 2.3.2 Data Sumber Daya Air ..................................................................... 36 2.3.3 Data Kebutuhan Air ........................................................................ 71 2.4 Identifikasi Kondisi Lingkungan dan Permasalahan .......................... 77 2.4.1 Aspek Konservasi Sumber Daya Air ................................................. 77 2.4.2 Aspek Pendayagunaan Sumber Daya Air .......................................... 79 2.4.3 Aspek Pengendalian Daya Rusak Air ................................................ 79 2.4.4 Aspek Sistem Informasi Sumber Daya Air ........................................ 80 2.4.5 Aspek Pemberdayaan dan Peningkatan Peran Masyarakat Dan Dunia Usaha ............................................................................................ 80 2.5 Identifikasi Potensi Yang Bisa Dikembangkan .................................... 80 2.5.1 Aspek Konservasi Sumber Daya Air ................................................. 80 ii 2.5.2 Aspek Pendayagunaan Sumber Daya Air .......................................... 81 2.5.3 Aspek Pengendalian Daya Rusak Air ................................................ 82 2.5.4 Aspek Sistem Informasi Sumber Daya Air ........................................ 82 2.5.5 Aspek Pemberdayaan dan Peningkatan Peningkatan Peran Masyarakat dan Dunia Usaha ........................................................................... 82 BAB III ANALISIS DATA .............................................................................. 83 3.1 Kriteria, Asumsi dan Standar ............................................................. 83 3.1.1 Kesesuaian Lahan, meliputi: ............................................................ 83 3.1.2 Penentuan DAS Kritis ...................................................................... 87 3.1.3 Potensi Erosi ................................................................................... 88 3.1.4 Angkutan Sedimen .......................................................................... 89 3.1.5 Pertumbuhan Penduduk ................................................................. 90 3.1.6 Ketersediaan Air .............................................................................. 91 3.1.7 Kebutuhan Air, meliputi: ................................................................. 91 3.1.8 Debit Banjir .................................................................................... 94 3.1.9 Kualitas Air ..................................................................................... 95 3.1.10 Kerapatan Stasiun Hidroklimatologi di WS ....................................... 97 3.2 Skenario Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air .............................................. 98 3.2.1 Analisis Aspek Konservasi Sumber Daya Air ..................................... 98 3.2.2 Analisis Aspek Pendayagunaan Sumber Daya Air ........................... 119 3.2.3 Analisis Aspek Daya Rusak Air ...................................................... 168 3.2.4 Analisis Aspek Pemberdayaan dan Peningkatan Peran Masyarakat dan Dunia Usaha ......................................................................... 183 3.2.5 Analisis Aspek Sistem Informasi Sumber Daya Air .......................... 184 3.2.6 Upaya Pemenuhan Kebutuhan Air sesuai Pertumbuhan Ekonomi ... 185 3.3 Alternatif Pemilihan Strategi ............................................................. 198 3.3.1 Aspek Konservasi Sumber Daya Air ............................................... 198 3.3.2 Aspek Pendayagunaan Sumber Daya Air ........................................ 199 3.3.3 Aspek Pengendalian Daya Rusak Air ............................................. 199 iii 3.3.4 Aspek Sistem Informasi Sumber Daya Air ...................................... 201 3.3.5 Aspek Pemberdayaan dan Peran Masyarakat dan Dunia Usaha ...... 201 BAB IV KEBIJAKAN OPERASIONAL ........................................................... 202 4.1 Skenario Ekonomi Rendah ............................................................... 203 4.2 Skenario Ekonomi Sedang ................................................................ 221 4.3 Skenario Ekonomi Tinggi .................................................................. 240 iv DAFTAR TABEL Tabel 1-1 Wilayah Administrasi yang Masuk di WS Mahakam............................. 3 Tabel 1-2 DAS WS Mahakam ............................................................................. 5 Tabel 1-3 Pelayanan Air Bersih Kabupaten/Kota di WS Mahakam Tahun 2015 ... 8 Tabel 1-4 Produksi Padi Sawah Menurut Kabupaten/Kota, 2015 ........................ 8 Tabel 1-5 Lokasi dan Lama Genangan Banjir ................................................... 12 Tabel 1-6 Produksi Perikanan Menurut Sub Sektor Perikanan (Ton).................. 21 Tabel 2-1 Kawasan Strategis WS Mahakam ...................................................... 30 Tabel 2-2 Jumlah Penduduk di WS Mahakam Tahun 2015 ............................... 32 Tabel 2-3 Tutupan Lahan WS Mahakam .......................................................... 34 Tabel 2-4 Curah Hujan Tahunan di WS Mahakam............................................ 37 Tabel 2-5 Suhu Udara Rerata di WS Mahakam ................................................. 38 Tabel 2-6 Kelembapan Udara Rerata di WS Mahakam ...................................... 38 Tabel 2-7 Penyinaran Matahari Rerata di WS Mahakam ................................... 38 Tabel 2-8 Nama Sungai di WS Mahakam .......................................................... 39 Tabel 2-9 Daerah Rawa di WS Mahakam Per Kabupaten ................................... 43 Tabel 2-10 Daerah Irigasi di WS Mahakam Per Kabupaten ................................. 44 Tabel 2-11 Daftar Daerah Irigasi di WS Mahakam .............................................. 44 Tabel 2-12 Bendung di WS Mahakam ................................................................ 54 Tabel 2-13 Irigasi Pompa di WS Mahakam ......................................................... 56 Tabel 2-14 Danau di WS Mahakam .................................................................... 57 Tabel 2-15 Waduk dan Embung di WS Mahakam ............................................... 58 Tabel 2-16 Nama Cekungan Air Tanah dan Luasannya di WS Mahakam ............. 60 Tabel 2-17 Hasil Kualitas Air Sungai Samboja .................................................... 63 Tabel 2-18 Hasil Kualitas Air di Sungai Donang ................................................. 64 Tabel 2-19 Hasil Kualitas Air Sungai Tunan ....................................................... 65 Tabel 2-20 Hasil Kualitas Air Sungai Telake ....................................................... 67 Tabel 2-21 Hasil Kualitas Air Sungai Riko .......................................................... 68 Tabel 2-22 Kebutuhan Air Rumah Tangga, Perkotaan dan Industri (RKI)............. 71 Tabel 2-23 Kebutuhan Air Untuk Pertanian WS Mahakam ................................. 71 Tabel 2-24 Kebutuhan Air Untuk Peternakan WS Mahakam ............................... 72 Tabel 2-25 Kebutuhan Air Untuk Perikanan / Tambak WS Mahakam ................. 72 Tabel 2-26 Debit Potensi WS Mahakam .............................................................. 74 v Tabel 2-27 Rekapitulasi Potensi dan Kebutuhan Air WS Mahakam ..................... 75 Tabel 2-28 Potensi Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Air (PLTA) di WS Mahakam .......... 81 Tabel 3-1 Kriteria Kesesuaian Lahan Untuk Permukiman ................................. 84 Tabel 3-2 Kriteria Penilaian Kekritisan Lahan Berdasar Prosentase Lahan Kritis ..................................................................................... 88 Tabel 3-3 Pengaruh Luas DAS terhadap SDR ..................................................