Designing ICs for Multi-Gigabit Etherne t Appli cati ons

An Architectural Perspective

John Kikidis, CEO P +30-261-0911575, [email protected]

Nov 30th, 2007

20071130

Analog Integrated Electronic Systems S.A. Patras Science Park GR-265 04 Platani Rio Greece Agenda

• Brief introduction to Analogies • Enterprise • Ethernet for Access Networks

Thessaloniki - 30th Nov 2007 Analogies Confidential - 2/30 Company Profile Analog Integrated Electronic Systems S.A.

• A New Fabless Semiconductor Design Company – Specializes in the development and provision of analog/mixed signal Intellectual Property (IP) blocks or components and analog/mixed signal design services • Intellectual Property (IP) block development and provision of –Higgph speed front end PHYs with em phasis in communications (SERDES , VCOs, PLL, Equalizers), high speed interfaces (memory/bus PHY IFs) and connectivity – Analog implementation of signal processing algorithms for error correcting codes (emphasis to TURBO-like correcting schemes) – Low noise/low power design and characterization for read-out circuitry (device modeling, phase noise reduction, transmission lines) • Design Services – Emphasis on physical layer and specialized analog/mixed signal circuits • Consulting Services

Thessaloniki - 30th Nov 2007 Analogies Confidential - 3/30 Ethernet Network Topology & Media

TitdTwisted pai r copper (Ca t 6/7) workgroup switch (<100m)

Workgroup Aggregation

62.5/125 µm Legacy FDDI -grade MMF switch-switch risers (300m) Workgroup Aggregation

50/125µm Multi-mode f(fiber (MMF ) backbone (65m)

Single mode fiber (SMF) inter-campus (10km)

10GbE

MMF Backbone Campus A Campus B Enterprise Backbone

Thessaloniki - 30th Nov 2007 Analogies Confidential - 4/30 10Gb/s Ethernet Layers

MAC

Reconciliation SubSub--LayerLayer XGMII XGMII

64B/66B PCS WIS 64B/66B PCS PHY (XSBI) 8B/10B PCS PMA PMA PMA PMD PMD PMD MDI MDI MEDIUM MEDIUM MEDIUM

10GBASE10GBASE--WW10GBASE- 10GBASE-RR 10GBASE10GBASE--XX

Thessaloniki - 30th Nov 2007 Analogies Confidential - 5/30 Enterprise MSA Optical Modules

XENPAK • Hot pluggable modules • XAUI interface XENPAK X2/XPAK • 40% smaller than XENPAK • XAUI interface • Support for 10GE and 10GFC XFP XPAK • 10-Gbit/s serial interface (XFI) • Support for 10GE, 10GFC and OC-192 X2 SONET SFP/SFF and SFP+ • 1/2/4-Gbit/s serial interface, SFP+ 8/10G XFP SFP/SFF • Support for 1/2/4/8 Gbit/s Fibre Channel • Support for 1 and/or 10Gbit/s Ethernet • SS0GC/OCFP+ 10GFC/OC-199SO2 SONET

Thessaloniki - 30th Nov 2007 Analogies Confidential - 6/30 10Gb/s XENPAK/X2, XFP Modules Architecture

XENPAK, XPAK, X2 Transceiver Architecture XFP Transceiver Architecture

XGXS PCS PMA PMD PMA PMD TOSA TOSA XAUI XFI 64B/ 3.125G 8B/10B 66B LDD Laser CDR LDD Laser Des decode encode SerDes 4x 10 1x 10 3.125 uP uP CDR Gbit/s 10.312 Gbit/s Gbit/s 64B/ Serial Serial 3. 125G 8B/10B Gbit/s 66B Ser encode TIA PD TIA PD decode CDR ROSA ROSA

XAUI-10G Serial SerDes PMA PHY 10G Serial TIA and LDD PMD PHY 10G Serial CDR PMA PHY 10G Serial TIA and LDD PMD PHY • Ild10Includes 10-Gbit/s Ser Des /CDR • Transi mpe dance Amp lifier (TIA) • Ild10Includes 10-Gbit/s DlDual • Transimpedance Amplifier (TIA) • 4x3.125Gbit/s Electrical XAUI next to Photo Diode (PD) in CDR or two single next to Photo Diode (PD) in interface Receiver Optical Sub-Assembly CDRs Receiver Optical Sub-Assembly (ROSA) • 10Gbit/s XFI Electrical (ROSA) • Laser Device Driver (LDD) XFI interface • Laser Device Driver (LDD) driving driving the laser in the the laser in the Transmitter Optical Transmitter Optical Sub- Sub-Assembly (TOSA) Assembly (TOSA)

Thessaloniki - 30th Nov 2007 Analogies Confidential - 7/30 Example of a 10G CMOS XAUI Transceiver Aeluros AEL1001 Electrical To Optical Interface OS MM mm ×5m ndard C mm m Sta μ , 2.5m Optical To Electrical Interface VV 33 W, 0 . 1 .2V/2.5 mm 11 800

Presented at ISSCC 2004

Thessaloniki - 30th Nov 2007 Analogies Confidential - 8/30 The Legacy LAN fiber infrastructure Issue Modal Dispersion!

MMF Modal Bandwidth 400 MHz-MHz-kmkm 500 MHzMHz--kmkm 2000 MHzMHz--kmkm (62.5 micron) (50 micron) (50 micron) MMF MMF MMF

10GBASE10GBASE--SS 32 m 82 m300 m (850 nm)

LX4 (4x 2.5G, 1310 nm) 240 m 300 m300 m

10G rate (1310 nm) ~ 60 m~160m ~ 600 m

Building riser applications – cost of pulling new fiber is prohibitive • Need ~300 m reach over multimode fiber • Characterized by sensitivity to power, footprint & cost • Modal dispersion limiting MMF transmission upgrades The Electronic Dispersion Compensation technology has been developed to address such challenges

10GbE Intercampus or Backbone Network

Thessaloniki - 30th Nov 2007 Analogies Confidential - 9/30 EDC Architectures

FdFFeed Forward d/Dii / Decision Maximum Likelihood Sequence Feedback Equalization Detection/Estimation (MLD/MLSE) (FFE/DFE) • Enhancement to current PMA/PMD • Line rate A/D with DSP to handle architecture sequence of samples to restore bit sequence • Single component implementation • More efficient than FFE/DFE, but new • Adaptive control loop that could also architecture utilize FEC BER info • May compensate for certain pattern- • Either analog or digital implementation dependent ISI which other equalizer can not • Strong solution in combination with FEC + FFE + DEC - MLSE. A/D Processor DFE

Thessaloniki - 30th Nov 2007 Analogies Confidential - 10/30 Detail: EDC FFE/DFE Architecture

ROSA FFE+DFE EDC

Linear + FFE + DEC TIA -

DFE

T/s T/s T T

c1 X c2 X cn X gm X g1 X

Σ Σ

500-700mW of power for 10Gb/s operation

Thessaloniki - 30th Nov 2007 Analogies Confidential - 11/30 XENPAK/X2, XFP LRM Modules Architecture

XENPAK, X2 LRM Transceiver Architecture XFP LRM Transceiver Architecture

XGXS PCS PMA PMD PMA PMD TOSA TOSA XAUI XFI 64B/ 3.125G 8B/10B 66B LDD Laser CDR LDD Laser Des dddecode encode SerDes 4x 10 1x 10 3.125 uP uP CDR Gbit/s 10.312 Gbit/s Gbit/s 64B/ Serial Gbit/s Serial 3.125G 8B/10B FFE/DFE FFE/DFE 66B LINEAR LINEAR Ser encode EDC PD CDR PD decode TIA EDC TIA ROSA ROSA

• XAUI-10G Serial SerDes PMA • 10G Serial TIA and LDD PMD • 10G Serial CDR PMA • 10G Serial TIA and LDD PMD PHY PHY PHY PHY • Linear Transimpedance Amplifier • Includes 10-Gbit/s SerDes/CDR • Linear Transimpedance Amplifier • Includes 10-Gbit/s Dual (TIA) next to Photo Diode (PD) in • 4x3.125Gbit/s Electrical XAUI (TIA) next to Photo Diode (PD) in CDR or two single Receiver Optical Sub-Assembly interface Receiver Optical Sub-Assembly CDRs (ROSA) • EDC integrated or external (ROSA) • 10Gbit/s XFI Electrical • Laser Device Driver (LDD) driving • Laser Device Driver (LDD) XFI interface the laser in the Transmitter Optical driving the laser in the • EDC integrated or Sub-Assembly (TOSA) Transmitter Optical Sub- external Assembly (TOSA)

• IEEE has created the IEEE Std 802.3aq-2006 (Type: 10GBase-LRM), which was approved on 15 September 2006. It is available from IEEE at http://standards.ieee.org/getieee802/802.3.html

Thessaloniki - 30th Nov 2007 Analogies Confidential - 12/30 Enterprise 10G IO Architecture Transitions Max Switch XAUI Density 8x XENPAK,X2 3.125 12-16 ports MAC Gbit/s transceiver X2 TdToday XAUI XFI 8x XAUI 2x10 32 ports 3.125 Gbit/s XFP MAC Gbit/s PHY Serial XFP

Analog XAUI 10G! 1st gen 2008 8x XAUI 2x10 3.125 Gbit/s SFP+ 48 ports MAC Gbit/s PHY Serial w/EDC SFP+

Analog XFI 10G! 2nd gen 2010 MAC 2x10 1:1 2x10 Or 2 SFP+ with 10G Gbit/s Gbit/s SFP+ per MAC? 48+ ports Serial PHY Serial SerDes w/EDC (dual?) SFP+

Thessaloniki - 30th Nov 2007 Analogies Confidential - 13/30 Enterprise 10G IO Architecture/Applications@2010 A new partitioning using 10G SFP+

1) 850nm Analog XFI 10G! MMF – SR 1:1 2x10 2) 1310nm Gbit/s SFP+ MMF – LRM MAC Serial TxRx 3) 1310nm SMF – LR 4) 1550nm CMOS CMOS SMF – ER/ZR? or SiGe?SiGe?

CMOS CMOS Analog TOSA XFI orPMA SiGe? 10G!

LDD Laser

64B/ SerDes Connector? 20-pin Pre w/EQ source CDR 66B EQ encode CDR 2x10 2x10 I2C Analog Gbit/s Gbit/s uCtrl Control MAC Serial Serial 64B/ SerDes LIA/ Limiting 66B CDR EDC Linear PA or Linear PIN decode CDR preEQ TIA

ROSA

Thessaloniki - 30th Nov 2007 Analogies Confidential - 14/30 Ethernet for Access Networks Ethernet Passive Optical Network (EPON)

Thessaloniki - 30th Nov 2007 Analogies Confidential - 15/30 PON Topology

Customer Premises

Diplexer or Central Office (CO) Triplexer

Diplexer or 2 or 3 wavelengths at 100Mbps to 2. 5 Gbps Triplexer

4-8 Transceivers 8:1 Splitter 4:1 Splitter Diplexer or per CO. Triplexer

Optical Line Diplexer or Terminal (OLT) Triplexer Fujitsu example Optical Termination ofOTUf a OTU Units (OTUs)

Thessaloniki - 30th Nov 2007 Analogies Confidential - 16/30 EPON Technology Evolution

Thessaloniki - 30th Nov 2007 Analogies Confidential - 17/30 10GE/1GE EPON FTTx platform

Burst 10G 1G mode 1310nm 1310nm control LDD Laser

1G Bypass TOSA 1 mode Gbit/s LDD Laser PCI Pre Connecto 20-pin 1/10G Serial CDR w/EQ source EQ Express? PON MAC I2C Analog with EPON Control 4G NP uCtrl OAM, Burst

Mode 10 r LIA/ Limiting ? Control Gbit/s CDR EDC Linear PA or Linear PIN Serial preEQ TIA XFI SFP+ module ROSA

FTTx Residential Media Gateway 10G 15xx nm linear • Example of a next generation 10GE/1G FTTx CPE platform ROSA

Thessaloniki - 30th Nov 2007 Analogies Confidential - 18/30 Designing Multi-Gigabit Ethernet ICs

• High speed analog/mixed signal design knowledge a must – Extensive demand for relative talent • Ethernet is a huge market attracting all major players • Lucrative research area as manyy/ 10Gbit/s interfaces as well as next gen 100Gbit/s Ethernet are standardized by IEEE

Thank you!

Thessaloniki - 30th Nov 2007 Analogies Confidential - 19/30 Back up

Thessaloniki - 30th Nov 2007 Analogies Confidential - 20/30 Strong Foundation

• Extensive Know How – Based on the extensive experience in analog design accumulated over the years from pppeople that graduated from the Electronics Lab of the Electrical and Com puter Engineering Dept., University of Patras and employed as GiGA A/S/Intel employees • Talented Personnel – A professor, a senior researcher and 2 graduate students were the initiators to the Analogies effort in 2006 – Enriched with Ioannis Kikidis, forme r membemember of the lab and semiconducto r indust ry business manager at Intel • Innovative IP – Analogies’ Intellectual Property (IP) and its personnel's expertise are its key differentiators • Experienced management team – Company is managed by a team of industry veterans with a solid record of achievements • Committed shareholders – Seed funding round closed; funds have been contributed and secured by the founding members, private investors and an investment firm

Thessaloniki - 30th Nov 2007 Analogies Confidential - 21/30 Optical Interfaces Architecture Evolution From optical line cards to optical modules/transceivers

Discrete Line Cards (Proprietary) - Long and Ultra long reach applications - Performance was key - Likely to use FEC/EFEC rates and interfaces

Multi Source Agreement Modules (Transponders) - Con ta in PMA, PMD and opti cs (TOSA/ROSA) - 300 pin SONET/SDH/OTN Modules - Framer interface to module is 16 x 622Mbit/s - XENPAK/XPAK/X2 - MAC interface to module is 4 x 3.125Gbit/s (aka XAUI)

Multi Source Agreement Modules (Transceivers) - 10Gbit/s serial XFP: Contains Serial PMA, PMD and Optics (TOSA/ROSA) - 10Gbit/s serial protocol agnostic module - Flexible “data agnostic” solution - Framer/MAC interfaces through gasket PMA - 8/10Gbit/s serial SFP+: Contains only Serial PMD and Optics (TOSA/ROSA) – PMA becomes part of host card

Thessaloniki - 30th Nov 2007 Analogies Confidential - 22/30 PON Components

2-Channel Systems Central Office Outside Plant Customer Premise OLT Transceiver OTU Diplexer 1550nm or 1550nm or 1490nm Tx 8:1 4:1 1490nm Rx

Splitter Splitter Mux/ 1310nm Mux/ 1310nm Demux burst-mode Rx Demux burst-mode Tx Switched Digital Video (SDV) over IP Optional Mux/Demux can be a TFF

3-Channel Systems Central Office Outside Plant Customer Premise OLT Transceiver OTU Triplexer 1490nm Tx 1490nm Rx

1310nm 8:1 4:1 1310nm ux/ mux ux/ mux

burst-mode Rx ee burst-mode Tx ee

Splitter Splitter MM MM D D 1550nm 1550nm Rx analog Tx EDFA

Thessaloniki - 30th Nov 2007 Analogies Confidential - 23/30 Real Examples of Advanced Services

Thessaloniki - 30th Nov 2007 Analogies Confidential - 24/30 Real Example Today KDDI Japan: Top Menu of TV Service Screen

Thessaloniki - 30th Nov 2007 Analogies Confidential - 25/30 FTTx Projected Growth in Japan

Thessaloniki - 30th Nov 2007 Analogies Confidential - 26/30 Optical Access (FTTx) Trends Worldwide

Worldwide FTTx Forecast EU25 FTTx Forecast • FTTx is still in the early stages of growth • Greenfield deployments defaulting to FTTH • FTTN plans adopted by many US and European carriers

Thessaloniki - 30th Nov 2007 Analogies Confidential - 27/30 10G EPON for Digital Video Delivery

Thessaloniki - 30th Nov 2007 Analogies Confidential - 28/30 Optical Modules Multi Source Agreements

MSA 300 pin XENPAK XPAK X2 XFP

Dimensions 1st Gen: 4.76"x1.42"x0.47" 2.7" x 1.4" x 0.4" 2.7“ x 1.4“ x 0.4" ~2.80"x0.73"x0.33" (DxWxH) 4.0" x 3.5" x 0.53“ (121x36x18) mm (91x36x13.4) mm (91x36x13.4) mm (71x18.5x8.5) mm 2nd Gen: 3.0" x 2.2" x 0.53"

Connector 300-pin 70-pin 70-pin 70-pin 30-pin Type

Electrical OIF SFI-4 16-bit IEEE XAUI 4-bit IEEE XAUI 4-bit IEEE XAUI 4-bit OIF XFI 1-bit Interface

Optical SC or LC SC Pluggable SC or LC Pluggable SC or LC Pluggable LC Pluggable Interface Hot- No Yes Yes Yes Yes pluggable MSA 300pin ( XENPAK (Mar 2002) XPAK ( X2 XFPMSA

Protocol SONET/SDH, OTN 10GE, 10G FC 10GE, 10G FC 10GE, 10G FC 10GE, 10G FC Standards OC-192/STM-64 802.3ae, 10GFC OC-192/STM-64 OTU2, OTU2K OTU2, OTU2K

Max Power 6W up to 12W 3W up to 11W Up to 5W (SR < Up to 5W (SR < 4W) ~2W + external 4W) SerDes

Application WAN, Enterprise Enterprise Enterprise Switch, Enterprise Switch, WAN, Enterprise Switch Switch NIC, Storage NIC, Storage Switch, NIC, Storage

Thessaloniki - 30th Nov 2007 Analogies Confidential - 29/30 PON Definitions

APON BPON GPON EPON

Full Name ATM PON Broadband Access PON Gigabit PON Ethernet PON

Standards Group ITU IEEE

Standard ITU-T G.983.1 ITU-T G.983.3 ITU-T G.984.x 802.3

Industry Group FSAN EFM

Bearer Protocol ATM Ethernet

Fibers 1 1 or 2 1 1

2 2 or 3 1550 nm down 1490 nm down Wavelengths 1310 nm up 1550 nm down (Analog RF broadcast CATV--optional) 1310 nm up

• 155.52 Mbps • 155.52 Mbps • 622.08 Mbps • 125 Mbps (100 Mbps • 622.08 Mbps • 622.08 Mbps • 1.244 Gbps effective) Downstream Line Rates • 2.488 Gbps • 1.25 Gbps (1 Gbps effective)

• 155.52 Mbps • 155.52 Mbps • 622.08 Mbps • 125 Mbps (100 Mbps • 622.08 Mbps • 622.08 Mbps • 1.244 Gbps effective) Upstream Line Rates • 1.25 Gbps (1 Gbps effective)

Max. Split Ratio 1 x 32 1 x 32 1 x 64 (128) 1 x 16 (32)

Max. Reach 20 km 20 km 20 (60) Km 20 km

Thessaloniki - 30th Nov 2007 Analogies Confidential - 30/30