Capacity Building Workshop on "Non-detriment Findings and Review of Signifi cant Trade in Plant Species" JanuaryJanuary 09-11,09-11, 20112011 Kathmandu, Nepal PROCEEDINGS

GGovernmentovernment ofof NepalNepal CITES Secretariat MMinistryinistry ofof ForestsForests andand SoilSoil ConservationConservation Geneva, Switzerland DDepartmentepartment ofof ForestsForests KKathmandu,athmandu, NepalNepal

Table of Contents

1. Background 1 2. Objecti ves 1 3. Expected Outcomes 2 4. Parti cipants 3 5. Management 3 6. Venue 3 7. Methodology 3 8. Materials 3 9. Workshop Program 3 9.1 Opening of the workshop 3 9.2 Sessions Detail 5 10. Financial statement 12 11. Findings 12 12. Recommendati ons 12 13. Conclusions 13

Annexes Annex 1 : List of Parti cipants 16 Annex 2 : Workshop working programme 19 Annex 3 : NDF Exercise Findings 21 Annex 4 : Country Presentati ons 26 Annex 5 : Statement of Expenditures 43

1. Background authoriti es. This workshop focused on the implementati on of six of these Decisions. These It is a major challenge for many countries in are Decision 15.36 on Review of Signifi cant Trade the region to meet the requirements for trade in Cistanche deserti cola, Dioscorea deltoidea, in CITES-listed plant species, which range from Nardostachys grandifl ora, Picrorhiza kurrooa, legal sourcing and sustainability of the harvest Pterocarpus santalinus, Rauvolfi a serpenti na and requirements to the eff ecti ve control of legal trade Taxus wallichiana and, Decisions 15.23 to 15.27 and deterrence of illegal trade. Mechanisms exist on Non-detriment fi ndings (NDFs). in CITES, and in both exporti ng and importi ng countries, that promote and facilitate compliance. This workshop was organized to strengthen Countries that persistently do not meet CITES the capacity of parti cipants to formulate non- requirements and show no intenti on to achieve detriment fi ndings and, to improve the general compliance, however, may be subjected to one knowledge and understanding regarding the or more internati onal compliance measures process of the Review of Signifi cant Trade in CITES adopted by the CITES Standing Committ ee and plant species from the South Asian region. by the Conference of the Parti es, including trade suspensions. The workshop was also aimed at improving parti cipants’ understanding of the underlying While mechanisms for identi fying non- concept of legal, sustainable and traceable compliance and recommending acti ons to restore trade and, model frameworks or approaches for compliance are well developed, programmes to achieving such trade. encourage and assist countries in meeti ng trade requirements are limited in number and funding There were 19 parti cipants from Bangladesh, and soluti ons are hampered by a lack of specialist Bhutan, China, India, Indonesia, Myanmar, Nepal capacity in many exporti ng countries, or a lack and Sri Lanka. of current biological or trade informati on with respect to certain species. The result is poor or These Proceedings summarize the outcomes of absent management plans for the populati ons the three day workshop. of the species in the wild, reduced levels of legal trade, which in turn impact on economic growth 2. Objecti ves and, on local livelihoods and, reduces opti ons and incenti ves for conserving, managing and using The main objecti ve of the workshop was to wild resources eff ecti vely. enhance the capacity of parti cipants to make nondetriment fi ndings and, to respond to The CITES Secretariat is working with Parti es recommendati ons which result from the Review and others to implement a number of Decisions of Signifi cant Trade of plant species. adopted at the last meeti ng of the Conference of the Parti es (CoP15, Doha, March 2010) that The specifi c objecti ves were to: intend to strengthen the capaciti es of nati onal

PROCEEDINGS 1 1. identi fy the diffi culti es in meeti ng the understood and implemented through fl uid requirements for trade in CITES Appendix- communicati on between these countries, the II listed plant species, ranging from the CITES Secretariat, the Plants Committ ee and, sustainability of the harvest and the the Standing Committ ee. formulati on of the non-detriment fi ndings to the recogniti on of applicable legal requirements o Current guidance on non-detriment fi ndings and the assurance that trade in these species for plant species is tested through case was sustainable and legal. studies relevant to the region. Feedback from parti cipati ng countries to be presented at 2. understand what eff ecti ve implementati on of the 19th meeti ng of the Plants Committ ee CITES mechanisms involves, parti cularly in (PC19, Geneva, April 2011) and regional PC the case of the Review of Signifi cant Trade in representati ves to coordinate with other Appendix II listed species . colleagues from their region on their report to the Committ ee; improved Asian regional report submitt ed at PC19. 3. strengthen the capacity of nati onal authoriti es to implement eff ecti vely a number of o Parti es ready to report to the PC in line with Decisions adopted at the last meeti ng of Decisions 15.23 and 15.26, the two regional the Conference of the Parti es (CoP15, Doha, representati ves for Asia to the PC make March 2010). These are Decision 15.36 on progress on the implementati on of Decision 'Review of Signifi cant Trade in Cistanche 15.24. The CITES Secretariat to be in a positi on deserti cola, Dioscorea deltoidea, Nardostachys to report at PC20 on progress made with the grandifl ora, Picrorhiza kurrooa, Pterocarpus implementati on of Decisions 15.36, 15.25 and santalinus, Rauvolfi a serpenti na and Taxus 15.27. wallichiana', and Decisions 15.23 to 15.27 on 'Non-detriment fi ndings'. 4. Parti cipants 4. strengthen the communicati on among CITES authoriti es in the region, the Regional The parti cipants of the workshop were the Management and Scienti fi c Authoriti es from Representati ves for Asia to the CITES Plants Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar, Committ ee and with the CITES Secretariat. Nepal, and Sri Lanka as well as one regional representati ve, for Asia, from Indonesia, 3. Expected Outcomes to the Plants Committ ee. Altogether there were 24 parti cipants, among them 14 nati onal o Management and Scienti fi c Authoriti es from authoriti es from seven Asian countries, and one Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar, Plants Committ ee member from Indonesia, two Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka are familiar facilitators from the CITES Secretariat (Geneva, with CITES requirements and compliance Switzerland) and, seven observers from the host measures; the Review of Signifi cant Trade is country. Pakistan, unfortunately, was unable

2 Capacity Building Workshop on Non-detriment Findings and Review of Signifi cant Trade in Plant Species to parti cipate in the workshop. The list of the 9. Workshop Program workshop parti cipants is given in Annex 1. The workshop was successfully conducted as per 5. Management the working programme shown in Annex 2

The CITES Secretariat, based in Geneva, provided 9.1 Opening of the workshop: necessary technical and fi nancial support for the workshop. Under contract with the CITES Chief Guest, the Honorable Minister of Forests Secretariat, the Department of Forests, the and Soil Conservati on (MFSC), Nepal Mr. Deepak CITES Management Authority for plant species in Bohara formally inaugurated the workshop by Nepal, organized the logisti cs for the workshop watering a Taxus wallichiana plant. The Honorable and otherwise managed the workshop. Minister welcomed parti cipants and delegates and thanked the CITES Secretariat for providing 6. Venue Nepal the opportunity to host the workshop.

The workshop was organized at the Everest Hotel, He assured parti cipants that Nepal will take New Baneshwor, Kathmandu, Nepal. seriously their deliberati ons on NDF and incorporate them into the nati onal policy. Recently, Nepal had signed a Memorandum of 7. Methodology Understanding (MoU) with China, on matt ers related to the conservati on of and the curbing The methodology adopted for the workshop was of trans-boundary illegal trade in wild animal and based on the principle of “sharing and learning”. plant species and soon a similar MoU would be More specifi cally, it included presentati ons, made with India. He also emphasized that the plenary discussions and group exercises, lessons learned from the workshop would be demonstrati ons and displays, experience-sharing instrumental in helping to fulfi ll the requirements and short briefi ngs following parti cipatory for sustainable harvest and legal trade in CITES- approaches. listed plant species, help understand the eff ecti ve implementati on of CITES mechanisms and, 8. Materials consolidate the capaciti es of nati onal authoriti es to implement eff ecti vely the number of decisions The CITES Secretariat provided necessary NDF adopted at the last meeti ng of the CoP held in training materials and CITES- related documents. Doha, during March 2010. Other materials provided during the workshop included soft and hard copies of the NDF capacity- i) Welcome Address building package. Mr. Gopal Kumar Shrestha , Director General, Department of Forests and Management Authority for Plant Species, Nepal, welcomed

PROCEEDINGS 3 parti cipants and delegates from the CITES regionally- coordinated acti viti es to improve the Secretariat. He hoped that the workshop, the fi rst management of shared plant species. of its kind in the region, would be fundamental in helping to enhance the capacity of nati onal 2. Mr. Yubaraj Bhusal, Secretary, MFSC, Nepal authoriti es in understanding the making of NDFs welcomed delegates and workshop parti cipants to and various CITES related processes. He also Nepal. He highlighted Nepal's natural features as emphasized that the outcomes of this workshop a country of rich biodiversity and its potenti al for would be appropriately taken into account by legal trade in internati onal markets through the CITES Authoriti es of the region in order to fulfi ll implementati on of CITES mechanism. He affi rmed the objecti ves of the Conventi on. that Nepal is in a process of preparing domesti c CITES legislati on to ensure its commitment to the ii) Opening remarks conservati on of endangered wild fl ora and fauna and to responsible (i.e. sustainable and legal) 1. Ms Marceil Yeater, Chief, Legal Aff airs and Trade trade in species listed in CITES which were not Policy, CITES Secretariat, Geneva, made remarks endangered. on behalf of the Secretariat. She expressed appreciati on to Nepal and other parti cipati ng 3. Dr. Krishna Chandra Paudel, Joint Secretary, countries and highlighted the importance of the MFSC, Nepal, as the chair of the opening workshop being held in a range State, in order ceremony, overviewed the scope of the workshop. to gain a bett er understanding of the context He hoped that parti cipants' commitments in which the regulati on of CITES trade of plant and feedback would play an important role in species takes place. She also menti oned that one developing a framework within which countries of the key purposes of the workshop was to test could eff ecti vely make NDFs and parti cipate in with parti cipants, and to obtain their feedback the Review of Signifi cant Trade in plant species. upon, new guidance material that had been Finally, he wished all success to the workshop. developed by the Plants Committ ee for making non-detriment fi ndings – that is, determining iii) Vote of Thanks whether proposed trade in a parti cular plant species would be detrimental to its survival in the Mr. Mohan Prasad Amatya, Offi ciati ng Director wild. General, Department of Plant Resources and Scienti fi c Authority for plant species, Nepal, Although the workshop’s ti tle refers to non- thanked all of the invitees for their parti cipati on detriment fi ndings and the Review of Signifi cant in the opening ceremony, emphasizing that Trade, she hoped that parti cipati ng countries the CITES Secretariat had provided fi nancial would also be considering matt ers such as and technical support for organizati on of legal acquisiti on fi ndings, the setti ng and the workshop in Nepal. He thanked the Hon. management of voluntary export quotas, the Minister, the Secretary and the CITES Secretariat issuance of CITES trade documents, inter-agency representati ves for their opening remarks. cooperati on, CITES compliance procedures and

4 Capacity Building Workshop on Non-detriment Findings and Review of Signifi cant Trade in Plant Species 9.2 Sessions Detail 15.25 and 15.27. On the second day, a country- based group exercise on NDFs was carried out Aft er the formal opening, diff erent sessions of and each parti cipati ng country presented the the workshop were facilitated by Ms Marceil status of informati on generally available to it Yeater and Ms Milena Sosa Schmidt as per the for making NDFs, which is explained in more working program. The third day's sessions were detail in Annex 3. On the third day, parti cipants chaired by the Director General, Department of gave their country presentati ons about NDFs Forests, Nepal. On the fi rst day, the facilitators they had done in relati on to one species from focused mostly on a range of diff erent subjects their respecti ve countries. See Annex 4 for these and issues in order to enhance parti cipants’ country presentati ons. Parti cipants fi nalized the familiarity with NDFs so that parti cipati ng nati onal workshop’s fi ndings and recommendati ons before authoriti es would be able to report to the PC in concluding the last session. Complete texts of line with Decisions 15.23 and 15.26. The regional the workshop materials and presentati ons, along representati ve of Asia to the PC informed other with pictures taken of diff erent events, were parti cipants about the progress to be made burned onto a DVD and a copy was provided on the implementati on of Decision 15.24 and to each parti cipant. The table below provides a the need to report at PC20 on progress made summary of the deliberati ons within each of the with the implementati on of Decisions 15.36, diff erent sessions held during the three days of the workshop.

PROCEEDINGS 5 Days Topic of the session Session Deliberati on Resource person 1 Plants in CITES This session was focused on increasing parti cipants’ Milena Sosa Schmidt knowledge about the defi niti on of ‘species’, with respect to readily-recognizable parts and derivati ves, the defi niti on of ‘arti fi cially propagated’, the treatment of hybrids, and the use of phytosanitary certi fi cates and permits for ti mber species under the Conventi on. Parti cipants were also informed about exempti ons for seedlings and ti ssue cultures in vitro, solid or liquid media, transported in sterile containers. 1 Compliance with The CITES compliance procedures have their basis Marceil Yeater CITES in and are applied in a manner consistent with the text of the Conventi on (e.g. Arti cle XIII), applicable rules and principles of internati onal law, relevant Resoluti ons and Decisions of the Conference of the Parti es (e.g. Resoluti on Conf. 14.3), the decisions and recommendati ons of CITES subsidiary bodies and historical practi ces.

The CITES compliance procedures focus on the obligati ons to designate a Management Authority and a Scienti fi c Authority (Arti cle IX), to ensure that trade only takes place according to the Conventi on (Arti cles III-VII and XIV), to take appropriate measures to enforce the Conventi on and prohibit trade in specimens in violati on thereof (Arti cle VIII), to maintain records of trade and prepare periodic reports on implementati on of the Conventi on (Arti cle VIII) and to respond to communicati ons of the Secretariat (related to informati on that a species in Appendix I or II is being adversely aff ected by trade or that the provisions of the Conventi on are not being eff ecti vely implemented) (Arti cle XIII)

6 Capacity Building Workshop on Non-detriment Findings and Review of Signifi cant Trade in Plant Species Days Topic of the session Session Deliberati on Resource person 1 Science in CITES In this session, discussions focused on the Milena Sosa Schmidt and the Plants importance of science in CITES, the need for non- Committ ee detriment fi ndings as the basis for trade, how pragmati c management can support sustainable uti lizati on and how CITES data can be used to analyze wildlife trade trends.

Science is what makes CITES achieve its conservati on and environmental sustainability results, and it gives credibility to CITES decision-making processes.

The principal requirement of managing wild resources for internati onal trade in the context of CITES is that exports should not be detrimental to the survival of the species in the wild - i.e. they should be sustainable.

The Plants Committ ee provides scienti fi c advice and guidance, deals with nomenclatural issues and assists the Secretariat with the implementati on of the Resoluti on on the Identi fi cati on Manual and Decisions related to it and, upon request of the Secretariat, reviews proposals to amend the Appendices with regard to possible identi fi cati on problems. 1 Review of An overview of Signifi cant Trade Review for CITES Milena Sosa Schmidt Signifi cant Trade Appendix II plant species was presented and (Plants and Standing discussed during this session, with special reference Committ ee) to the case of Aquilaria malaccensis. The result of the Signifi cant Trade Review process generally removes the need for importi ng countries to apply unilateral stricter domesti c measures (such as import bans or externally-imposed export quotas for range States).

The process can result in individual exporti ng countries being assisted to undertake fi eld studies as well as to develop the technical and administrati ve capacity necessary to implement the requirements of Arti cle IV if these are lacking.

PROCEEDINGS 7 Days Topic of the session Session Deliberati on Resource person 1 Role of the CITES The respecti ve roles of CITES nati onal authoriti es Marceil Yeater and authoriti es with were discussed. The task of the Scienti fi c Authority Milena Sosa Schmidt emphasis on the is to determine and advise the Management role of the Scienti fi c Authority whether the export of specimens of Authority species included in Appendices I and II is detrimental to their survival and the key responsibility of the Management Authority is to issue CITES permits and certi fi cates, inter alia, on the basis of advice from the Scienti fi c Authority where this is required under the Conventi on. The Management Authority also has responsibility for recordkeeping and reporti ng, for communicati on with other Parti es and the Secretariat and for the coordinati on of CITES implementati on at nati onal level. In this context, it should ensure that the Scienti fi c Authority is informed about all relevant CITES issues. 1 Non-detriment This secti on started explaining the terms and Milena Sosa Schmidt fi ndings. concepts in the text of the Conventi on that relate to the impacts of trade on species. A non-detriment fi nding may be understood as a conclusion by a Scienti fi c Authority that the export of specimens of a parti cular species will not impact negati vely on the survival of that species in the wild. It was explained in which circumstances the non-detriment fi nding by a Scienti fi c Authority is required. Key concepts to remember were presented. The Resoluti on Conf. 10.3, Role of the Scienti fi c Authority, recommends that the NDF are based in : distributi on; populati on status; populati on trends; harvesti ng techniques; other biological and ecological factors; and uti lizati on and trade informati on. In the CITES Strategic Vision:

2008-2013 Parti es set the Objecti ve 1.5 as the Best available scienti fi c informati on is the basis for non- detriment fi ndings. With the initi ati ve of Mexico and, through document CoP14 Doc. 35, the Parti es decided to organize an internati onal workshop with experts on NDF. The idea was to strengthen capaciti es of CITES Scienti fi c Authoriti es, in parti cular related to methodologies, instruments, informati on, technical knowledge and other necessary resources to formulate NDF. The approach of an adapti ve management was presented.

8 Capacity Building Workshop on Non-detriment Findings and Review of Signifi cant Trade in Plant Species Days Topic of the session Session Deliberati on Resource person Documents Doc. 16.2.2 on Report of the Animals and Plants Committ ees and, Doc. 16.3 on non- detriment fi ndings for ti mber, medicinal plants and, agarwood, provide an overview of the work done on this matt er by both Committ ees; they also present a complete list of reference documents that have been produced by the Committ ees on NDF.

Decisiones 15.23 to 15.27 agreed at the last CoP, establish the procedure for Parti es, the Animals and Plants Committ ees and, the Secretariat, to conti nue the work of revision of the current guidance as tools to make NDF in order to submitt the results for considerati on at CoP16. 2 NDF Exercises Parti cipati ng countries saw now in more depth: Milena Sosa Schmidt

1- The process of formulati on of NDF followed in their countries;

2- The guidance proposed by the Plants Committ ee to make NDF proposed in document CoP15 Doc. 16.3;

3- The consultati on by the Plants Committ ee per Noti fi cati on to the Parti es 2011/004.

4- Next steps: input to the PC.

A country-based group exercise on NDF was carried out during the full second day of work in order to assess whether the parti cipati ng countries considered the PC guidance applicable for their CITES plant species.

The exercise used the form in Noti fi cati on 2011/004 for evaluati ng the availability of informati on for making NDFs (i.e. to assess the level of risk which trade could present for the survival of the populati ons of the species in the wild).n annexfrce base.

Each parti cipati ng country then presented the results of its group exercise, which focused on one CITES Appendix II species found in its territory. Details of the group exercise results are given in Annex 3.

Parti cipants agreed to send their results to the PC through the regional report of Asia. The regional representati ve for Asia to the PC, agreed to liaise aft er the workshop with all present countries in order to include this informati on in the regional report to PC19.

PROCEEDINGS 9 Days Topic of the session Session Deliberati on Resource person Nepal's country Nepal presented the current trade status of the Gopal Kumar Shrestha presentati on on species. The trade has decreased in recent years 3 Taxus wallichiana due to the species’ regulati on under CITES and also a decline in the resource base.. China's country This parasiti c plant att aches itself to the root of Dr. Haining Qin presentati on Haloxylon sp. and is on Cistanche deserti cola found in the desert ecosystem. Although the species is not considered to be ‘endangered’ under CITES, the species is categorized as ‘endangered’ in the IUCN Red List. China only issues permits for arti fi cially propagated plantati on products. Arti fi cial propagati on increased aft er the 1980s. The records of 2008 showed the plantati ons covered 900 hectares. Plantati on producti on was 5600 tons in 2010 Bangladesh's This is an exoti c plant species for Bangladesh Dr. Tapan Kumar Dey country and the trees are 50-80 ft tall. It is used mainly presentati on for agarwood producti on. Plantati ons cover 200 on Aquilaria hectares. Businessmen buy trees which are 8-10 yrs malaccensis old or older.

Ten year old trees have a girth of 20-30cm . The price of agarwood oil is 1000 US$ per litre. The life span of a natural tree is 30-50yrs and the lifespan of an arti fi cially propagated tree is 10yrs. tAgarwood is produced by making wounds on trees and then inoculati ng them with Micorhiza, mixed with soil within a polyester bag. Bhutan's country No export from Bhutan is allowed. Old trees are Sonam Tobgay presentati on used for experiemental purposes by the government on Aquilaria insti tute of medicine. malaccensis There has not been any research on the chemical component and ingredients. The plant is reported to be used only for religious purposes by Hindus and Buddhists. Bhutan has no data on the quanti ty of local consumpti on. Srilanka's country This is a tropical pitcher plant found in waterlogged Ratnayake Hiti bandarale presentati on open areas. It is distributed in patches and the Dayawan on Nepenthes populati on status is unknown. There is a high disti llatoria demand for the species in Japan and the UK as an ornamental plant. Sri Lanka issues export permits for cut fl owers produced from ti ssue cultures.

10 Capacity Building Workshop on Non-detriment Findings and Review of Signifi cant Trade in Plant Species Days Topic of the session Session Deliberati on Resource person India's country India proposed this plant for inclusion in CITES Dr. Maheshwar Hegde presentati on Appendix II in 1997. No legal trade is allowed in on Pterocarpus India. santanalis The natural habitat has decreased from 20000 to 5000 hectares. Heartwood is used commercially aft er removal of sapwood. A nati onal capacity building workshop on related NDFs was conducted recently. Culti vati on is promoted in the original habitat, Andhra Pradesh has the best wood quality. The species is valued for Sanatalin, dye, wood powder, and its medicinal properti es. Even the roots are dug out for use. Myanmar's country The species is not protected by legislati on in Maung Maung Than presentati on on Myanmar. It has been diffi cult to make a NDF and Rauvolfi a serpenti na therefore no CITES export permits have been issued. The annual harvest quota is fi xed by the Department of Forests (both the Scienti fi c and Management Authority). Indonesia's country A fi eld guidebook on this species was published Dr. Tukirin presentati on and local management guidelines were formulated. Partomihardjo on Aquilaria It is characterized by fast growth and can reach malaccensis 5m tall in 5 yrs ti me. The seed germinati on rate is 90%. Suspension inoculati on to stem is used to arti fi cially produce agarwood. It is called Black Magic Wood by Muslims. Quota calculati on is based on 3yrs producti on at the nati onal level. No criti cal problems have occurred Indonesia regarding its management

There are problems in connecti on with inoculati on as arti fi cially produced agarwod is inferior to natural agarwood. The smell of agarwood oil varies from species to species. There have been att empts to produce arti fi cial oil. Findings and The CITES Secretariat gave a short presentati on on Mr. Gopal Kumar Recommendati ons. compliance and enforcement issues related to the Shrestha, Marceil medicinal plant trade and implementati on of CITES Yeater and Milena Sosa in the region. Under the guidance of the chairperson, Schmidt parti cipants worked together to review and evaluate the workshop and then reached agreement on the Findings and Recommendati ons contained in subsequent secti ons of this report. Closing of the Mr. Gopal Kumar Shrestha, Chairperson of the third Mr. Gopal Kumar workshop day’s sessions fi nally closed the workshop with his Shrestha concluding remarks

PROCEEDINGS 11 10. Financial statement • More eff ort is needed to ensure that the plants are given the same att enti on as animals in The total expenditures for the workshop totalled CITES. Oft en the animal species take the full US$ 33298.00. A summary of the workshop’s dedicati on of the CITES authoriti es and plants expenditures is given in Annex 5. species are relegated; this results in huge loses of revenue for the concerned Governments 11. Findings that could be gaining billions of dollars from a legal trade in their plant products. Acti viti es The three-day workshop concluded with the should be designed to improve management following fi ndings: plans, conservati on strategies, nati onal • Informati on and specialized capacity for legislati on and enforcement measures for making NDFs for plant species are lacking in plant species. some of the South Asian countries • The CITES Secretariat should help range • Strengthening the technical capacity of the States access the funds needed to conduct Scienti fi c Authority working on plant species populati on surveys and other NDF-related of certain countries is essenti al. studies and, also to organize nati onal level workshops for raising awareness about CITES • Many countries in the region share similar requirements. . challenges regarding the conservati on, management, sustainable use and trade of • All parti cipants agreed that the workshop CITES-listed plant species. was successful and that, informati on- sharing should conti nue among countries • Nati onal technical guidelines on through this kind of acti viti es (e.g. organizing methodologies to assess the sustainability of additi onal regional workshops on a periodic harvesti ng plant species from the wild (and basis whenever possible) from plantati ons) is oft en lacking. • The conservati on of plant species should be • The workshop was meaningful for sharing promoted through their sustainable use and experiences and learning about the responsible trade. management of, conservati on of, sustainable use of and trade controls for CITES-listed plant species in the region. 12. Recommendati ons The workshop parti cipants unanimously agreed • There is a need to designate Scienti fi c and on the following recommendati ons Management Authoriti es for plant species in each country which are independent of each • Develop and conduct more awareness-raising other but which nevertheless work in close programmes on non- detriment fi ndings for coordinati on. all plant species that are listed in CITES.

• Informati on on biology, conservati on and • Create a funding mechanism to assist trade, of plant species someti mes exists but countries in conducti ng surveys and research is oft en incomplete and out-of-date; up-to- on NDF-related matt ers. date informati on of this nature is someti mes lacking.

12 Capacity Building Workshop on Non-detriment Findings and Review of Signifi cant Trade in Plant Species • Carry out more capacity building acti viti es on exporti ng and importi ng countries for legal NDF-related issues, for Scienti fi c Authoriti es and sustainable CITES trade and quick in range States of Appendix II plant species. handling of any incidents of illegal trade.

• Develop more robust rules and procedures • The CITES Secretariat should take the initi ati ve for compliance monitoring and enforcement, to strengthen nati onal capacity to formulate and implement them eff ecti vely NDFs for plant species and to arti culate CITES requirements for plant species with the • Undertake preliminary assessments of the nati onal CITES legislati on. status of the populati ons of CITES plant species in the wild; an interim measure can • Criteria and indicators for NDFs should be be the setti ng of cauti ous harvest and export developed. quotas and, reconsider the uti lity and the need to keep an export ban in place with no • Coordinati on and cooperati on between strategy to lift it. nati onal (including local), regional and internati onal stakeholders on CITES-related • Strengthen and promote regional matt ers should be strengthened. cooperati on mechanisms for a improving the implementati on of CITES in the region. 13. Conclusions • Consider the guidance proposed by the Plants Imposing permanent bans on the export of Committ ee and other tools as the ’radar specimens of parti cular species may encourage plot diagram‘ for plant species and, identi fy illegal trade. Therefore, apart from banning the nati onal level funding to undertake capacity export of specimens of parti cular plant species, building acti viti es on NDFs. range States may take measures to produce • Encourage bilateral and multi lateral missing biological and ecological informati on, collaborati on on curbing illegal trade in gather existi ng informati on of this nature, adopt plants, plant products and derivati ves. nati onal strategies and management plans to conserve and ensure a sustainable harvest of the • Establish Biodiversity Detecti on Units at populati ons in the wild and, increase producti on Customs border points. from plantati ons when these can release pressure • Enhance capacity to carry out research and of harvesti ng the populati ons in the wild. development acti viti es aimed at technology Although illegal trade cannot be fully stopped, it transfer and value added goods so that local can be controlled and kept to a minimum level communiti es can get more benefi ts from the if range States are committ ed to promote and CITES-listed species, which should help to ensure sustainable, legal and, traceable CITES decrease overexploitati on pressure on wild trade in plant species. Each parti cipati ng country populati ons. benefi ted from the sharing of each other's • Future workshops should be held in diff erent experiences and, from the CITES Secretariat’s countries on a rotati ng basis. This will give presentati ons. In their fi nal evaluati on of the all nati onal authoriti es the opportunity to workshop, parti cipants determined that they contribute to and to help att ain eff ecti ve benefi ted a lot from this workshop and agreed cooperati on and coordinati on between that such workshops should be conducted

PROCEEDINGS 13 regularly to strengthen CITES capacity in the the results of the NDF exercise undertaken during region to work on plant species. the workshop, in accordance with Noti fi cati on to the Parti es No. 2011/004 [htt p://www.cites.org/ It was agreed that all parti cipati ng countries eng/noti f/2011/E004.pdf]. will now coordinate with the two Regional Representati ves for Asia to the Plants Committ ee The parti cipati on of the Regional Representati ve in order to submit - to the next meeti ng of the CITES for Asia to the PC, Dr. Tukirin, was found to be highly Plants Committ ee (PC19, Geneva, April, 2011) - valuable for enhancing communicati ons within the region and with the Plants Committ ee.

14 Capacity Building Workshop on Non-detriment Findings and Review of Signifi cant Trade in Plant Species Annexes

PROCEEDINGS 15 chowdhurynasim59@yahoo. com [email protected], [email protected], jamkhar @ yahoo.com c [email protected] c [email protected] c [email protected] fi fi fi

ti ti ti Country AuthorityCountry Email 25 years Bangladesh Management [email protected], 25years Bangladesh Scien Professional Professional Experience (Years) 8years Scien Bhutan 16years Management Bhutan [email protected], 4 Years China Management [email protected] 19 years China Scien on ti ca fi Academic Academic Quali in graduate Post Management Ph.D wildlife Biology,M. sc forestry,M. sczoology Master in Master Environmental management. M.Sc Mountain M.Sc Mountain Forestry Ph.D ( Plant Ph.D ( Plant Biology) Research Professor Professor Research Ph.D on ti tute tute ti on, ti airs, airs, ff cer, cer, ffi ce, P.R China P.R ce, ffi ora a ora cer, Head Bio- Head cer, fl ffi on Highest Two ti Joint secretary (admin.) secretary Joint of the people's Government of Bangladesh, Republic and of Environment Ministry Forest circle &Nature Wildlife of Forest Department Department of Forests and of Forests Department Services Park Diversity Inventory, Data & Data Inventory, Diversity plan sec Management Division Department wildlife Services, and Park of Forests & of agriculture Ministry Forest state forestry administra forestry state no.18 Hepinigli Dongji, Beijing 100714, P.R.China of china ,IUCN SSC, point focal Ins professor, Research C+C17hina cites management management C+C17hina cites authority/the endangered species import and export o management of Science, Academy of Botany Beijing china 10093 Xiangdhan cipants ti cipants Name cipants Organiza ti Azad Chowdhury Azad 3 Sonam Tobgay Mr. o Forest Sr, 1 A. N. Shamsuddin Mr. 2 Dey Kumar Tapan Dr. of forests, Conservator S.N Par 4 Gyeltshen Kinzang Mr. o forestry Chief 5 liangchen Yuan Mr. Division of 6 Haining Qin, Ph.D. list and red Group Specilists Annex 1 : List of Par 1 : List Annex

16 Capacity Building Workshop on Non-detriment Findings and Review of Signifi cant Trade in Plant Species [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] c [email protected] c [email protected] c [email protected], fi fi fi c

ti ti ti ti Myanmar Management [email protected], Country AuthorityCountry Email 31 years Nepal Management [email protected] 12 Years 12 Years India Scien Professional Professional Experience (Years) 22 Years Sri lanka Management [email protected] 12 Years 12 Years India Management [email protected] cer ffi on ti ca fi Ph. D. Nepal Scien M.Sc Forestry, M. M.Sc Forestry, Sc.Chemistry M.Sc. (Pharma. ) 32 Years Nepal Scien M.Sc ( Forestry ) M.Sc ( Forestry 34 Years Nepal Management , [email protected] B.Sc. (Vetenary ), B.Sc. (Vetenary 28 Years Myanmar Scien Ph.D. M.Sc ( Ph.D. Agriculture) Ph. D. Indonesia [email protected] Academic Academic Quali M. Ph ( Plant M. Ph ( Plant Biology) M.Sc wildlife M.Sc ( Geoology ) O Research on Division ti of tute ti of tute cs and Tree cs and Tree ti ti cer, wildlife wildlife cer, ffi on on Highest Two ti ti General, ng Director ti st, Ins st, ti cia ffi Department of wildlife of wildlife Department conserva Under Secretary, Department Department Under Secretary, Resources of Plant Department of Forests Department O of Plant Department Resources Director General, Department Department General, Director Of Forest wildlife conserva wildlife of Ministry Department, pyi Taw Nay Forestry, Breeding(IFGTB), Coimbatore, Coimbatore, Breeding(IFGTB), India Biology, for centre Research Indonesian Ins jakarta Science Jajan Raya & Training Director, Division, Forest Research Department,Building39,Nay Pyi Taw, Forest Gene Forest Division,Ministry of Division,Ministry and Environment no.441 Forest,Room , New Bhawan Parayavaran Delhi cipants Name cipants Organiza ti bandarala bandarala ti Hi Dayawan Baral Amatya Shrestha Than Partomihardjo 16 Ratnayake Mr. 15 Ranjan Dr.Sushim 14 Harihar Sigdel Mr. General, Deputy Director 13 Mohan Prasad Mr. 12 Gopal Kumar Mr. 11 Thien Aung Mr. and Nature Director, Asst. 10 Maung Mr. 9 Tukirin Dr. 7 Rawat Ms. Chandra o Research S.N Par 8 Hegde Maheshwar Dr. Scien

PROCEEDINGS 17 wwfnepal.org [email protected] hotmail.com c [email protected] fi

ti and Natural and Natural Resource Manager Country AuthorityCountry Email 25 years Nepal Nepal21years Forester Forester22 years Nepal [email protected] Forester deepakacharya_2003@ 27years Nepal Forester [email protected] 13 Years 13 Years Geneva Botanist [email protected] 35 Years Geneva Lawyer [email protected] Professional Professional Experience (Years) on ti cal cal ti ca fi M. A. Economics, M. A. Economics, I.Sc (Forestry) B.Sc. (Forestry) M. S. (Natural Resource Management) B.Sc M.Sc Forestry, Forestry M.Sc Botany 7yearsM.Sc Degree, Nepal 25years Nepal Botanist Lawyer [email protected] diwakar.chapagain@ M.Sc Forestry(USA), Diploma Forestry (India) Biology Plant ( Biology Plant University)Master in Science, Ph.D ( FM) Science, JD (Juns Doctor) Academic Academic Quali M. Ph ( Birds) 27 YearsBA Pol Sri lanka Scien B.Sc Forestry Student Nepal Forester [email protected] cer, ffi airs and Trade and Trade airs ff cer ffi on on on ti ti on Highest Two ti ti c O c ee fi tt

ti Division, onal Forest Division, onal Forest Division onal Forest ti ti ti ce secretary, WS organising WS organising ce secretary, ffi Department of Forests, of Forests, Department Sec CITES Na Department of Forests Department Department of Forests Department Na of Plant Department Resources Control, Wildlife Coordinator WWF- Nepal Na CITES Sec CITES Under Secretary, Planning Under Secretary, Division, and Monitoring of Forests Department CITES Secretariat Secretariat CITES " "Scien Department of wildlife of wildlife Department conserva Policy Secretariat CITES " Commi ee Members) ee tt cipants Name cipants Organiza ti Chapagain Pyakuryal Schmidt Ratna Bandra Bandra Ratna Dissanayake 7 Dinesh Satyal Mr. O 4 Deepak Acharya Mr. O Forest Assistant 6 Diwakar Mr. 3 Hem Aryal Mr. Under Secretary, 5 Tiwari Achyute Mr. Botanist, Assistant 2 Ram Nandan Sah Mr. Under Secretary 1 Nath Prakash Mr. Observers (Organising Commi (Organising Observers 18 Yeater Ms Marceil A Legal "Chief, 19 Ms Milena Sosa 17 Sarathnayake Mr. S.N Par

18 Capacity Building Workshop on Non-detriment Findings and Review of Signifi cant Trade in Plant Species Annex-2a Workshop working programme

Workshop Schedule 1st day: 09 January Time Acti vity Facilitati on 08h00-09h30 Break fast 09h30-10h45 Registrati on and Opening Milena 10h45-11h00 Break (coff ee-tea) 11h00-11h30 Plants in CITES Milena 11h30-12h00 Compliance with CITES Marci 12h00-12h45 Science in CITES and the Plants Committ ee Milena 12h45-13h30 Review of Signifi cant Trade (Plants and Standing Milena Committ ee) 13h30-14h30 Lunch 14h30-15h30 Role of the CITES authoriti es with emphasis on the Marci (MA, 30’)- Milena role of the Scienti fi c Authority (SA, 30’) 15h30-16h00 Break (coff ee-tea) 16h30-18h00 Non-detrimental fi ndings Milena 18h30-20h00 Recepti on Dinner 2nd day: 10 January 08h00-09h00 Break fast 09h00-10h30 Non-detrimental fi ndings (exercise) Milena 10h30-11h00 Break (coff ee-tea) 11h00-13h00 Non-detrimental fi ndings (exercise) Milena 13h00-14h00 Lunch 14h00-15h30 Non-detrimental fi ndings (exercise Milena 15h30-16h00 Break (coff ee-tea) 16h00-17h30 Non-detrimental fi ndings (exercise Milena 3rd day: 11 January 08h00-09h00 Break fast 09h00-10h30 Case examples from Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Marci India, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka 10h30-11h00 Break (coff ee-tea) 11h00-13h00 Case examples from Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Marci. India, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka

PROCEEDINGS 19 Workshop Schedule 13h00-14h00 Lunch

14h00-15h30 Conclusions and recommendati ons. Closing the Milena workshop 15h30-16h00 Break (coff ee-tea) 16h00-17h30 Conclusions and, recommendati ons. Closing the Milena workshop

Annex-2b Workshop working programme

Opening Ceremony Time Acti vity 10:00 Registrati on All Invitees Chairing the Session Dr. Krishna Chandra Paudel, Joint Secretary, Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservati on 10:15 Welcome and objecti ve of the work Mr. Gopal Kumar Shrestha, Direc- shop tor General, Department of Forests 10:25 Inaugurati on Chief Guest, Honorable Minister Mr. Deepak Bohara , Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservati on Opening Remarks Representati ve Cites Secretariat Ms. Marceil Yeater, Chief,Legal Aff airs and Trade Policy, CITES Secretariat, Geneva Guest Mr. Yubraj Bhusal, Secretary, MFSC Chief guest Honorable Minister Mr. Deepak Bohara , MFSC Vote of Thanks Mr. Mohan Prasad Amatya, Of- fi ciati ng Director General, Depart- ment of Plant Resources 10:40 Closing Remarks Chairperson, Dr. Krishna Chandra Paudel, Joint Secretary, MFSC 10:45 Tea and Snacks

20 Capacity Building Workshop on Non-detriment Findings and Review of Signifi cant Trade in Plant Species Annex-3a NDF Exercise Findings

THE AVAILIBILITY OF INFORMATION IN MAKING OF NDF TO ASSESS THE RISK LEVEL OF A SPECIES Indonesia Bhutan Bangladesh S. N. Element Aquilaria malaccensis wild wild wild plantati on 1 1. Distributi on 2 2. Abundance of the populati on 3. Populati on trend in 3 comparison with historical references 4. Age structure of the 4 populati on 5. Biological cycle and 5 reproducti ve strategy 6. Habitat requirements and 6 adaptability (specialist versus generalist) 7. Impact of the disappearance of 7 the species on the ecosystem 8. Capacity for natural 8 repopulati on of areas where it has disappeared 9 9. Is the species migratory? USE 10. Quanti ty of material 10 harvested 11. Stage of the biological cycle 11 when the harvest takes place 12. Extent and type of area being 12 harvested (usually determined by ease of accessibility) 13. Existence of a regulatory system, in parti cular limits to 13 harvesti ng and areas where harvest is prohibited. 14. Does harvesti ng destroy the 14 whole specimen?

PROCEEDINGS 21 THE AVAILIBILITY OF INFORMATION IN MAKING OF NDF TO ASSESS THE RISK LEVEL OF A SPECIES Indonesia Bhutan Bangladesh S. N. Element Aquilaria malaccensis wild wild wild plantati on 15. Level of demand for the 15 species and value of product(s) in trade 16. Is harvesti ng conti nuous, 16 regular or other? 17. Do the harvesti ng methods 17 cause side damages? 18. Does harvesti ng have 18 conservati on purposes for the species? 19. Does the harvesti ng extend to 19 other species? OTHER FACTORS 20. Probable extent of illegal 20 trade 21. Degradati on and loss of 21 habitat 22 22. Eff ect of polluti on 23. Will harvesti ng in the area covered by the non-detriment 23 fi nding have consequences for the species in other parts of its range? 24. Competi ti on from alien 24 invasive species 25. Diseases, meteorological 25 incidents 26. Risks associated with climate 26 change

Filled with one of the colours below according to the availability of informati on: Not Detailed Limited available

22 Capacity Building Workshop on Non-detriment Findings and Review of Signifi cant Trade in Plant Species cola cola ti Cistanche Cistanche deser a fi na ti Rauwol serpen llatoria ti Nepenthes Nepenthes dis santalinus Pterocarpus Pterocarpus Wild Wild Wild Wild Wild Taxus Taxus NEPAL INDIA SRILANKA MYANMAR CHINA walichiana on ti on ti on ti in comparison on trend ve strategy ve harvested ty of material it has where on of areas ti ti ti ti THE AVAILIBILITY OF INFORMATION IN MAKING OF NDF TO ASSESS THE RISK LEVEL OF A SPECIES ASSESS IN MAKING OF NDF TO OF INFORMATION THE AVAILIBILITY 5. Biological cycle and cycle 5. Biological reproduc 6. Habitat requirements and requirements 6. Habitat versus (specialist adaptability generalist) of 7. Impact of the disappearance the species on ecosystem natural 8. Capacity for repopula disappeared 9. Is the species migratory? USE 10. Quan cycle of the biological 11. Stage place takes when the harvest being and type of area 12. Extent by (usually determined harvested ease of accessibility) with historical references with historical of the popula structure 4. Age 1. Distribu 2. Abundance of the popula 3. Popula 5 6 7 8 9 4 1 2 3 10 11 12 S. N. Element

PROCEEDINGS 23 cola cola ti Cistanche Cistanche deser a fi na ti Rauwol serpen llatoria ti Nepenthes Nepenthes dis santalinus Pterocarpus Pterocarpus Wild Wild Wild Wild Wild Taxus Taxus NEPAL INDIA SRILANKA MYANMAR CHINA walichiana nuous, to ng extend ti ti ng methods methods ng on OTHER FACTORS OTHER ti ti ng have have ng the ng destroy ti ti cular limits to ti ng con ng on and loss of ti ti the on purposes for ti where ng and areas ti THE AVAILIBILITY OF INFORMATION IN MAKING OF NDF TO ASSESS THE RISK LEVEL OF A SPECIES ASSESS IN MAKING OF NDF TO OF INFORMATION THE AVAILIBILITY ect of pollu ff habitat 22. E other species? trade of illegal extent 20. Probable 21. Degrada species? 19. Does the harves cause side damages? cause 18. Does harves conserva regular or other? regular 17. Do the harves harves is prohibited. harvest 14. Does harves whole specimen? the of demand for 15. Level in of product(s) species and value trade 16. Is harves 13. Existence of a regulatory of a regulatory 13. Existence in par system, 22 20 21 19 18 17 14 15 16 13 S. N. Element

24 Capacity Building Workshop on Non-detriment Findings and Review of Signifi cant Trade in Plant Species cola cola ti Cistanche Cistanche deser a fi na ti Rauwol serpen llatoria ti Nepenthes Nepenthes dis on: ti santalinus Pterocarpus Pterocarpus Not Wild Wild Wild Wild Wild available Taxus Taxus NEPAL INDIA SRILANKA MYANMAR CHINA walichiana ng in the area ti alien on from ti

ti THE AVAILIBILITY OF INFORMATION IN MAKING OF NDF TO ASSESS THE RISK LEVEL OF A SPECIES ASSESS IN MAKING OF NDF TO OF INFORMATION THE AVAILIBILITY Detailed Limited nding have consequences for the for consequences nding have invasive species invasive 25. Diseases, meteorological incidents with climate associated 26. Risks change 23. Will harves covered by the non-detriment by the non-detriment covered fi species in other parts of its range? 24. Compe 25 26 23 24 S. N. Element Filled with one of the colours below according to the availability of informa the availability to below according Filled with one of the colours

PROCEEDINGS 25 Annex 4 Country Presentations

26 Capacity Building Workshop on Non-detriment Findings and Review of Signifi cant Trade in Plant Species Bangladesh

AGARWOOD TREE A Case Study of CITES Plant Species Agarwood Aquilaria malaccensis Lamk, A. agallocha Roxb.) (Aquilaria malaccensis))g in Bangladesh. • BldhiBangladesh is a mem bttfCITESCber state of CITES Communit itiy since 1982. As a par ty Bang la des h has ta ken a ll appropr ia te measures to enf orce th e provi si ons of th e present conventi on. • Among the CITES listed plants(Appendix-ll), Aquilaria malliaccensis, RlfiRauvolfia serpentina, SitSwieteni a macrophhllylla, SitSwieteni amahhiagoni andifd some species of Aloe have 9-10, Jan uar y, 2 011 , jtjnternati onal markktfet for export tf from B angl ldadesh hCITES. CITES Katmandu, Nepal. Management Au thority, Bangladesh is maintaining the ex port record of Aquilaria malaccensis. • BthBoth speci es of SitSwieteni a are exotic speci es i n B angl ad esh , btbut now they become common ti tibmber speci es. Khas iaand Min is try o f Env ironment and Mani puri t rib es t raditi onall y used AdAgarwood agar oil and Forests, Bangladesh. perfume production since last centuary. • It i s a t all evergreen tree. • Leaves of Agarwood are alternate, leathery, 5-8.7 cm, lance- shaped, pointed with faint parallel nerves.

• WdWood scent tddtthed due to the presence of a resi nous sub btstance. • It is found in East Himalayy,,gan low hills, Assam, Bangladesh and Myanmar. • The wood is scented and used as incense and commands a very high price . • Diseased trees become infiltrated with a resinous substance. It is the diseased wood that is valuable, for the hard dark coloured masses are caused byyg a fungus, resulting in the eaglewood or agar wood of commerce. • The light coloured wood in which the resin is embedded is distilled into an oil called `agar-attar’ used in perfumes . • Agarwood is mainly planted by the Forest Department and also by the local people of Molvibazar district. FD has raised 2000 ha. Plantation since 2000 in Sylhet and Chittagong .

Agarwood trees Nailing in Agarwood Trees for Fungal Inoculation

PROCEEDINGS 27 Bangladesh

Agarwood Chips Village Women are ma king Agarwoo d c hips

Sundrygying of A garwood Chi ps Water Sockinggg of Agarwood Chi ps

Agar oil Production in Factory Agar oil

28 Capacity Building Workshop on Non-detriment Findings and Review of Signifi cant Trade in Plant Species Bangladesh

Agar wood Products Exported from Bangladesh During the year 2009 and 2010. Sl. Exporter (Name and Importer (Name and Description Purpose of Security Quantity, Year APdtAggar Products no. Address Country) Address) the stamp no number of transaction specimen 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08

01 Bengal Mobrook Perfume Agar Wood Trade BD 15,600 kg’s 2009 Perfumery Co. Chips. 9118243 House No: 64/2, Saud Bin A Aziz St. Block-C Saud Comm. Centrer, Kumarpara P.O Box : 495 Sylhet, Mubarakiya Souk Bangladesh. A1-Dakhly 15255, Kuwait. 02 Md. Badrul Abdullah Shab Agar Wood Trade BD 200 kg ’ s 2010 Islam Ahned Thani Chips. 9118243 M/S Almed M/S Almedkhan Khan Perfume Trade Perfumes Trade, Old Medaf Hotel, Gangkul, Murshed Bazar, Dakshinbag, Diere, Dubai , UAE Barlekha, Moulve Bazar, Bangladesh.

Plant Species which cannot fell, extract and trade without permission as per Wildlife (Conservation) Act-2011 Amur Amoora cuculata (()Roxb.) (Proposed) Udam Bet Calamus longiscctus (Griff.) Vernacular/Common name Scientific name Dhup Canarium resiniferum (Brace. ) Tali Palm Corypha taliera (Roxb.) Civit Swintonia floribuonda (()Pierre.) Katalal Bana Castanopfpsis armafa ((pSpach. ) Boilam Anisoptera scaphula Karpur Cinnamomum camphora Gilla Entadhda phaseol ldoides Tajbahol Cinnamomum iners (Reinew.) Chal Mugra Gynocardia odorata Haritaki Terminalia chebula Maniraj cycas Cycas pectinata Ashok Saraca asoca/indica Bandarhola Duabanga sonneratoidss (Buch-Ham.) Jhum Alu Dioscorea pentaphylla RitRangirata DlbiifDysoxylum bincetariferum (Hoo k. ) Chundul Tetramelis nudiflora Kumbi Careya arborea (Roxb.) Asphal Euphorbia longan (Steud.)

Baichi Flacourtia indica (Merr.) Raktan Lophopetalum fimbriatum Anantamul Hemidermus indicus Amhastia/Parijat Amhastia nobilis Pipermint Mantha spicato (()Limn.) Uday Padma Maggfgnolia grandiflora Banspata Podoeurpus nerifolia Jahari Champa Magnolia pumila Mao Alo Discorea esculanta Kunch Abrus precatorius Linn. Uriam Mangifera longipes KdbKamdeb ClCaloph hllyllum pol yanth um WllWall. PdkPaduk PlbidPterocarpus aeelbergioedes Khirpa Lumnitzera racemosa Willd. Rita Sapindus mukorosi (Gaer.) Kurchi Holarrhena pabescens Wall. Kusum/ Joyna Schlciehera oliosa (Okin.) Khalshi Aegiceras corniculatum Blanco Udal Sterculia villosa (()Roxb.) Galgal Cochclospgpurmum religiosum Harjora Vitis quadrangularis (Will.) Jat Batna Quercus lancaefolia Roxb. Trikoni Bot Ficus triamgularis Shilbatna Quercus velutina Lindl. Lata Bot Ficus ripens JiJain ThTrachyspermum ammi Linn. BiBBansai Bot Ficus cyant hist ipu la Tali Dischopsis polyantha Benth. Gaya Aswatha Ficus rumphii Tamal Diospyros cordifolia Roxb.

PROCEEDINGS 29 Bangladesh

Narikeli/Buddha Narikel Pterygota alata Orchids

Vernacular/Common name Scientific name Harina Vitex peduncularis Wall. Ornamental orchid Vandopsis gigantca (Lindl) Blue Vanda Vanda coerulea Shingra Cynometra ramiflora Linn. Kuth Saussurea lappa LLadiesadies sslipperlipper PaphiopedilumPaphiopedilum spp. Samundarphal Barringtonia racemosa Pitcher plant Nepenthes khasiana Red vanda Rananthera inchootiana Mailam Bonea oppositifolia Meissn. Bulbo phyllum Bulbophyllum roxburghii (Reich. ) Duthie Eulophia mackinnonii (Duthie.) Banak Cretaeva nervosa Cymbidium Cymbidium aloifolium (Linnaeus. ) DdbiDendrobium DdbiDendrobium maccar thiae DdbiDendrobium DdbiDendrobium macrophyll hllum Passur Xypylocarpus mekon gensis Piere. Dendbidrobium Dendbdrobium nob blile Dendrobium Dendrobium primulinum

Some Recommendations :

• We need help of CITES secretariate for NDF study and field visit of Plant Committee allocation of quatos fdlttiftfor agarwood plantation forest. • We need capacity building training support on CITES activities. • ElEmployment tftid of trained manpower i iin airport , sea port and land ppggpgports to stop illegal, hunting ,poaching and trade of animal and plants species. • Institutional and logistic support for monitoring CITES ilitiimplications.

30 Capacity Building Workshop on Non-detriment Findings and Review of Signifi cant Trade in Plant Species Bhutan

• Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore & Thailand (Grierson &Long& Long, 1991; CITES , 2003) • Bhu tan (SdSamdrup JkhJongkhg ar-DthDeothang, GlGelephp hu, NDF on Aquilariaq malaccensis Sarpangpg, Pangbanggg • Evergreen Tree (ll&(4om tall & 1.5 -2.5m ddia)&)&Flower) & Flower l andfd fru it at 7-9ddiid9 years and medium sized trees ppg,roduce 1. 5k5kg seed s max, s ha de to leran t w hen BHUTAN yygoung andtithdd may yg generate in p ppure patches under mother trees • Mixeddb broadleaved dl d( (0-1000masl),l) rocky, k sandy, d callldidldiddldlcareous,,pg well drained slopes and ridges and land near swampp/s with rai n fa ll: 2000mm /annum

• No data on role of spp in the ecosystem • No data on global population size: decreasing by 20% over Implementationp of the review of last 3 gens (Hilton-Taylor, 2002) significanti ifi trade d • Global conservation status: VU (2002 IUCN Red list) & inc lu de d in the wor ld lis t o f threa tene d trees (Oldfie ld etlt al, • NhbddfBhNoo expo rt s ha av e bee n reco rded fro m Bhu uta n 1998) (DSDr.Sanggyay WhkWangchuk, in Litt. to TRAFFIC Sou th • Bhutan-totally protected listed under schedule I of FNCA, 1995. Eas t Asi a,,) 2003). • Main threats-both legal and illegal harvesting and the scale of threa t is unsure • Utilization and Trade: The wood and the fragrant resin among the finest and the most valuable NTFP, numerous uses & include curative qualities & aromatic properties and even for rel&dlhligious & traditional Bhutanese me dicine • Int ernati onal tra de w ith this spec ies is pro hibite d in Bhu tan • Extractive harvesting through special permit from DoFPS

Legal acquisition findings Mgtgp & Compliance monitoring g • FNCA, 1995-Chapp,ter V,19 a &b and 20 on Transp ort and Trade (Import & Export) of Forest Produce states : regardingdi use, conservation i & trade d • 19()‘h(()a) ‘The Ministr y ma y issue ru les reg u lating t he transp ort, import and export of forest produce including requirements • ITMSSsa staff ff tr aai in ed d in hha arv est in g, TTToTo tooe thhe that permits be obtained’. plpgpltant co lltllectors group • 19(b) ‘Violation of rules issued under this section is an offence punishable with imprisonment which may extend to • DoFPS staff & ITMS fully deployed in the field 3thfiltthfiktlfth3 months or a fine equal to the fair market value of the during the harvesting time for est p r oduce ill egall y tr an spor ted, impo r ted or ex por ted, or both; and in addition any such forest produce, or the proceeds from the sale thereof , shall be confiscated’. • 20.Unclaimed Timber-“Any timber found beached, stranded, or sunk , and any other unmarked or unclaimed timber or othfher forest ppppyyro duce s hllbhall become property o fhRlf the Royal Government if no person can establish a valid right of possession within one month after a notification has been publis he d o f its be ing foun d”.

PittiPtiPermitting Practices

• Till ddat e o n lly y special spec i a l pe rm its/ / app r ov aal l ggi iv en to th e ITMS for co llec tion & use in tra ditiona l medic ine annua llllyyy bby the Dep ar tmen t o f ForestrForestryy & Park Ser vices

PROCEEDINGS 31 China

Cistanche deserticola Direct • a perennial , parasitic herb, on roots of Exports Haloxylon ssp of Wild- • restrict range to NW China and Mongolia Sourced from • kitlldttkey species to local dessert ecosystem China • threa t s ta tus: CR A2c (2004), 906 tons of stems from natural populati on(MA 2009)

• population details: unclear

•Significant traditional medicinal ppglant for long time • Wild plants was forbidden to collect and export permits only issued for cultivated specimens

LlIlLegal Implement s Procedure of Permits Issuance

C.deserticolar has been used as medicinal plants since 18 c

Now harvest of Wild C.deserticolar was banned Forest Law (1998 rev) Regul ati ons on th e P rot ecti on of Wild Pl ant s (1997) State Council Notification(2000) XinJiang Reg.Regul.(2007) Inner Monggg()golia Reg.Regul.(2009) Only cultivated products are allowed to export by law and regulations CITES framewor k Customs Law (1987) Regulations on the Import and Export Management of Endangg()ered Wild Fauna and Flora (2006)

Management and Compliance Monitoring Global Amphibian Specialist Group Surveyypp on the wild population

Public aware and encourage of the Asian Amphibian Conservation: sustainable use (join with other sector) Integrating Research and Protection Registration of the export campony

Cooperation with other stake holds Don Church, GASG Coordinator/CI Research Lab, SFA, Custom, Company Claude Gascon , GASG Chair/CI

Simon Stuart, IUCN-SSC Janice Long, IUCN-SSC Neil Cox, IUCN -SSC Photo: Jeet Sukumaran

32 Capacity Building Workshop on Non-detriment Findings and Review of Signifi cant Trade in Plant Species Indonesia

Agar wood producing species in Indonesia

NDF OF AGAR WOOD ( Aquilaria spp. & Species Ecology (m asl) * Distribution GiGyyrinops spp.) IN INDONESIA A. beccariana van Tiegh. Up to 825: primary forets Sumatra, Borneo/Kalimantan, common A. cumingiana (Decne) Medium altitude: in primary South Borneo, Moluccas (Morotai & Halmahera) , Ridl. forest A. fillaria (Oken) Merr. Up to 130: open swamp forest Celebes, Moluccas: Morotai, Seram& Ambon, West New Guinea: Sorong)g & Babo) A. hirta Ridl. Up to 300: in hill slope from Riau, South Sumatra, Bangka, Belitung & other neighboring lldftlowland forest small i sl and s (Bin tan, Ba tam ). A. malaccensis Lamk. Up to 270: common in Sumatra,,g Borneo/Kalimantan &its surrounding small islands primary forest A.microcarpa Ba ill. Up to 200 a t pr imary fores t StBkSumatra, Bangka-Be litung, Borneo/K ali mat an & o ther neighboring small islands) G. decipiens nov. sp. At 100 m, primary forest Central Celebes (Warotoli, Palarabi) G. ldladermanii DkDomke 0 – 200 m: vi rgi n f orest – NGi(MtPiLdNew Guinea ( Mt. Prince Laderman ) slope area, dense G. moluccana (Miq.) + 100 Moluccas (Halamahera & Buru) Baill. G. podocarpus (Gilg.) Up to 750, in primary forest West Papua (Sorong, Monep) TPT.Part om ihardj o Domce G. salicifolia Ridl. At 300 m, in fringing rain Western New Guinea (Utakwa & Nabire) Reseach Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences forest Jln. Raya Jakarta – Bogor Km . 46 , Cibinong - Bogor G. verstigii (Gilg.) Up to 900 N.E. Celebes, Lesser Sunda Islands (Lombok, Sumbawa, email: herbogg@[email protected] Domke Flores, Sumba) & West New Guinea)

Source of data: Ding Hou, 1972, Wiriadinata, 1995, Soerhartono & Newton, 2001, Oyen & Nguyen Xuan Dung 1999.

Densit y esti mati on of ad ult t ree (> 10 cm dbh) of AilibAquilaria beccar iana AiliAquilaria spp. iiSn Suma tra and dKli Kalimant an b ased • Gaharu laut, mengkaras, on the ana lys is of NFI samp le pl ot s puti, gumbil minyak • Kalimantan, Sumatra Location No. of plots Total area Density per ha (()ha) • Primary & secondary ftforest SUMATRA • Lowland to 850 m asl . • tree >40 m , Low land 15 135 0.47 + 0.30 • Leaf ovate-wide elliptic 7,5 -12 x 5 cm UlUp land 3 27 0360.36 + 0170.17 • Inflorescence umbel KALIMANTAN • Flower 9-10 mm, tabung Low land 24 216 0.83 + 0.73 • Fruit compress , acute at both ends 3-4 cm Up land 11 99 1171.17 + 1091.09 • Sd2bSeeds 2, brown, shi hiining. • Basa l ar il reddi sh brown, SdtSource data: Soeh art ono & N ew ton, 2000 . hairy

Aquilaria filaria Gaharu • Gaharu irian , lason Celebes, Moluccas ((),g(g),Seram), age (Sorong), bokuin (Morotai) Tree 10-20 m tall, • Nusa Tenggara , Maluku , Papua, 30 cm diam • Lowland primary & secondary forest Leaf ellippgtic oblong • Tree >20 m, 30 cm diam Flowers tube 5-6 • Leaf elliptic oblong-lancet mm • 10-20 x 3-6cm6 cm • Inflorescence umbel Fruits ovate, • Flower tube,6-7 mm, lblobes roun ddded yy,ellow, mesocarp • Fruit ovate, yellow thick • Mesocarpp,, thick, 2,5 cm Sd(1)2Seeds (1) 2

PROCEEDINGS 33 Indonesia

• Gaharu,,, karas, kekaras, Aquilaria hirta mengkaras, galoop, halim • IdiMlIndia, Malaysi a, S umat ra, • Gaharu bulu, karas Kalimantan, Philippines • Sumatera,,y Malaysia • Primaryyy, & secondary forest, low- • Lowland medium alt. • T4060diTree >40 m, > 60 cm diam • Medium size tree15 m, • Leaf elliptic oblong-lanceolate • Leaf and young branch Aquilaria malaccensis • 757,5-12 x 2-5cm5 cm densely vellous, • Inflorescence umbel • LfidlLeaf widely ova t15te,15-16 x 8- • Flower cup-shaped 5-6 mm 10 cm • Stamen 10 (twice of petals) • Inflorescence umbel • Fruit 3-4 cm, mesocarp thick • Flower 10 mm, tube green • Fruit hairy, spindle shaped

Aqpquilaria microcarpa Gyrinops versteegii • KtiKetimunan, gah aru LbkLombok • NTT, M al uk u, Papua • Lowland- • Gaharu, karas, engkaras, submon tane <1000 mengg,gp,karas, galoop, halim • Sumatra, Kalimantan m • PiPrimary 7 second ary f orest , • Lea f e llip tic low-medium alt. • Tree >40 m,60 cm diam • Inflorescence umbel • Leaf elliptic oblong- • Flower calyx tube lanceolate • 4-10 x 1,5-5 cm long, stamens 5 • Infloresecences umbel to • Fruit ovoid oblong, paniculate • Flower 5 mm, cup shaped • Seed black,g, shining • Fruit < 2 cm, mesocarp thin with white aril

TRADITIONAL MANAGEMENT OF AGARWOOD UTILIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OF AGARWOOD (AlA.malaccensi s) IN EAST KALIMANTAN (AlA.malaccensi s) IN SUMATRA

Seedling of A. malaccensis Mother tree grown in traditional garden under the mother tree Agarwood pilot project plantation

Traditional inoculation method

AbiA big mo ther t ree o f AlA.malaccensi Natural population of A.malaccensis in in the village of Tasik Betung - NblllNursery by local people AddtftditilAgar wood products from traditional old traditional rubber plantation AlA.malaccens is nursery iiBn Beng klkulu, StSumatra, with ith>80idit > 80 cm in diameter inoculation Sumatra

34 Capacity Building Workshop on Non-detriment Findings and Review of Signifi cant Trade in Plant Species Indonesia

Cultivation Technics to stimulating agar wood production Agar wood or resin is result of a unique Fast grow ing trees, more than 5 m t all w ithin 5 years process called phyto- elecsine cause Germination from seeds 90% , by some fungi such as Fusarium, Pythium, Diplodia, Penicillium, Monoculture or mixed with other plantations Aspergilus Start flowering and fruitsing within 5-6 years Very slow process that takes years New technology to stimulate the process faster RRhesearch on agar--woowoodid inocu la tion

In Benggykulu by University of Beng kulu In Riau by LitbangHutan, Hutan, SEAMEOSEAMEO--BiotropBiotrop,, LIPI In Bogor by SEAMEO Biotrop- IPB, Litbang Hutan In Lombok – by University of Mataram IEIn East t&WtKli & West Kalimant an b bFy Forest tD Depart ment s, About 96 locations (total 2000 ha) of gaharuplantation are recorded , LIPI as well Sumatra: Riau: PT Budi DayaPerkasa (15 ha), CV. Megah Aroma Utomo (3 ha), CV. Subur Ra y(ya (3.5 ha ); Jambi:PulaoAro (();pg();30 ha); Lampung (10 ha); Mentawai (2 ha); Palembang Gerhan (300 ha) Kalimantan: East: PT Sumber Alam Jaya (3 ha) , CV Kuda Mas (2 ha), Local governments Pasir(50 ha), Kutai (26 ha), Samboja (20 ha); Central: (2 ha); West: Mandor (()40 ha) Java: Bog(gor (2 ha ), Banten (();y()19 Ha); Surabaya (2 ha) L. S. Islands: Bali (4 ha); Lombok (300 ha) Celebes: CV Wana Gubal (1 ha), Sinjai (5 ha), Toraja (2 ha) ------Source: AiAsgarin 2006

Other species Grade / classification of quality: which have pppotential value to produce aromatic resin Gubal gaharu- gaharu-Super, AB, BC, TG, C1, SSbhTiabah,Tri Thymeleaceae: Kemedangan- C2,TA1 ,2 ,3 , Abu, Tri B,C Aetoxylon sympetalum Enkleia malaccensis Dust Wikstroemia pypolyantha Oil Wikstr omi a ten uir ami s (Quality of incence depend on: Color, aromatic, size and shaped ) GtlGonystylaceae: Gonystylus macrophylla Euphorbiaceae: Exoecaria agallocha Papilionaceae: Export: Singapura, Taiwan, Malaysia, Japan, Arab Saudi, Uni Emirat ,,… DlbDalbergi a parvifl ora

EXPORT QUOTA OF AGARWOOD EtiEstimat e of fthttl the total popul ltiation o f a dlttdult trees (>10(> 10 cm Year Malacensis groups Filaria groups Remarks dbh) of AiliAquilaria spp.iSin Suma tra an dKlitd Kalimatan based s on dittitifdensity estimation from NFIlltNFI sample plots Kuotas Realisation Kuota Realisation 1996 300,000 299,986 1997 300,000 341,497

Location Forest area Population size Population size 1998 150,000 124,313 (x1000 h a) (a) (x 1 000) (b) (x 1 000) 1999 300,000 74,616 SUMATRA 2000 225,000 52,194 Low land 13, 934 654896,548.9 + 4, 180. 2 418. 0 + 418. 0 2001 75,000 72,426 125,000 125,000 Including Gyrinops spp. Up land 33483,348 120531,205.3 + 569. 1 133. 9 + 133. 9 2002 75,000 50,000 125, 000 125,000 Includingyg Gyrino ps spp . KALIMANTAN 2003 50,000 49,585 125, 000 125,000 Includingyg Gyrino ps spp . Low land 31, 199 25, 995. 2 + 22, 775. 6 155991,559.9 + 155991,559.9 2004 50,000 50,000 125, 000 124,500 Including Gyrinops spp. 2005 50,000 49,919 125.,000 125.,000 Including Gyrinops spp. Up land 17901,790 209432,094.3 + 1, 951. 1 483. 3 + 129. 6 2006 50,000 50,000 125, 000 121,505 Including Gyrinops spp. Source : Soehartono & Newton, 2000 2007 35,000 35,000 65,000 65,000 Including Gyrinops spp. 2008 30,000 30,000 60,000 60,000 Including Gyrinops spp. 2009 173,250 29,520 455,000 128,327 Including Gyrinops spp.

2010 162.500 ? 489,700 ? Including Gyrinops spp. Data source: Cites-MA

PROCEEDINGS 35 Indonesia

DATA SOURCES FOR QUOTA SETTING OF PROCEDURE FOR QUOTA SETTING OF AGAR AGARWOOD (ANNUAL HARVEST) WOOD BASED ON NON DETRIMENT FINDING

Local Management • Field sampgypling by workin g Authority Certified exporter ggproup of a gar wood in (BKSDA) company (45 main produc ing a reas exporters) • Actual production data of Agar wood from exporters, Management Collectors (+field forestry district offices, Athit(FAuthority (Fores try harvested areas) Department) association, local traders , Spppecialist/profesional farmers researcher group (Coordinated by LIPI) • RtdtttdReport data on target and realizati on o f annual expor t Scientific Authority (Indonesian Institute of Sciences/LIPI) Mother tree of A. malaccensis

NDF radar diagram of A. malaccensis Processing, dissemination Aquilaria malaccensis products

BIOLOGY - Life f orm PROTEC TION - Regulation of harv est 5 BIOLOGY - Regeneration potential PROTEC TION - EffectivenessEf f ect iv enes s of protection BIOLOGY - Dispersal efficiency 4 PROTECTION - Proportion protected from harvest BIOLOGY - Habitat INCENTIVES - Habitat conserv ation incentiv e 3 STATUS - National distribution 2 INCENTIVES - Species conserv ation incentiv e STATUS - National abundance 1 INCENTIVES - Eff ect of harvest STATUS - National population trend 0 MONITORING - Conf idence in monitoring STATUS - Inf ormation quality

MONITORING - Monitoring method STATUS - Major threats CONTROL - CfidConfidence ihin harves t management MANAGE MEN T - Illega l o ff-tktake CONTROL - Open access harvest MANAGE MEN T - Man aggyement history CONTROL - Harv est in strong tenure MANAGE MEN T - Man agement plan CONTROL - Harvest in PA MANAGEMEN T - Aim of harvest MANAGE MEN T - Quotas

Source: Indonesia CITES document

36 Capacity Building Workshop on Non-detriment Findings and Review of Signifi cant Trade in Plant Species India

PROCEEDINGS 37 India

38 Capacity Building Workshop on Non-detriment Findings and Review of Signifi cant Trade in Plant Species Nepal

NON-DETRIMENT FINDINGS BACKGROUND FOR TAXUS WALLICHIANA Family - Taxaceae Taxus baccata auct. non L.; Taxus baccata subsp. wallichiana (Zucc.) Pilg . English name - Himalayan yew LlNLocal Name - TliTalispat ra, L au thsa lla, .

Distributed in the Northern hemisphere that includes North America, All Europe, Northwest Africa and North Asia from Iran to China. National Authorities for Plant Species Nepal at the el evat ion range of 1800 -3300m.

BACKGROUND MANAGEMENT • No detailed managpgement plan for hill districts. Instead a • Reported to be distributed throughout 39 districts of Nepal. five -yygear working schemes are p pprepared for the Found in association with Silver fir, Kharsu Oak and management. sometimes with Sppyruce as an understorey in Fir Forest. • Managgyement history of Taxus is not very y,p old, importance • A strongygly shade-tolerant,g, evergreen tree usually 6 to 20m in recogniz ed onl y in 1 995 af ter D abur N epal w as all ow ed heiggpht with a trunk up 2m. collection and harvesting of 800 MT of leaves from 9 • Bark reddish brown,,y, thin scaly, leaves distichious , linear districts of Nepal. Management prescription included in with recurved margg,in, shining above, ,p pale y ellowish brown the working schemes after 2000. No separate scheme or below. plan exists for the individual species. • Diocious,,gg, male stobili stalked, globose arising from the axils • Management objectives include meeting the forest product of the leaves on the under side of the branchlets and female needs of people and of industry on sustained basis, strobili solitary, axillary . generating local employment and promoting natural and • Growth rate slow,,y woody is hard and durable. artificial regeneration. • Conservation status is little known and vulnerable due to over exploitation

Legalg framework and law MANAGEMENT •Main elements of scheme include yield estimation enforcement of leafy biomass, fixation of lopping cycle and • Forest management, harvesting and sale of forest method of harvest, monitoring, seedling production products are governed by the forest law. and plantation, biodiversity conservation. • Illegal cutting of trees or harvesting leaves is a forest •Restoration measures includes protection of crime and punishable by the Forest Act, 1993. natural regeneration and promotion of artificial • Trees are not allowed to cut on account of its medicinal plantation. Officially negligible work done so far. value but needles can be harvested with permission of Dabur Nepal has been producing seedlings and DFO. distributing farmers for cultivation in private lands • Export of Taxus leaves in unprocessed form is banned by since 1995. the law and is punishable involving seizure of material • Field staff like forest ggguards and rangers with fine according to the value of product or 5 years resppgonsible for monitoring but weak due to difficult imprisonment or both. terrain and pypaucity of staff in man y districts as a • Taxus baccata has been included in CITES , Appendix II result irregpgularities reported in harvestin ggg leading and can be exported with CITES certificate. CITES to the death or heavygy damage to trees in man y implementation law is in pipeline . places.

PROCEEDINGS 39 Nepal

Harvest Regime Harvest Management/Control

• Trees above 20cm diameter are selected for harvest. The • At present non of the company has got quota for harvest main parts harvested are leaves and twigs below 1 .5 cm from the government. Dabur Nepal has closed its factory • Harvest takes place from March-June and Oct-December . while Machhapuchre Herbal and Natural Flower and • Harvesting is done from secondary branches up to 2/3 Herbal Pvt . Ltd are still hopeful of getting agreement done portion of crown leaving upper 1/3 untouched. between them and the govt getting quota fixed. • The yield of leaf clippings varies from 15 -25 kg per tree • First company to be established was Dabur Nepal in 1995. (green weight). It received a quota of 800 MT/yr for 5 yrs which was • A three-year rotation has been fixed for harvesting . extended for another 5 yr in 2000 but cancelled in 2003 • Clippings are gathered , bundled and taken to depots . Dried due to failure in complying with the condition of harvest . in shade for 4-5 days ensuring moisture level at 10%. Dried • Similarly, Machhapuchre Herbal established in 2001 and leaves are packed in jute sacks and sent to the factory. and Natural Flower and herbal established in 2002 got a quota of 800MT and 400 MT respectively for 5 yrs. Their quota not extended failing to prepare EIA reports in time .

Harvest Management/Control Legal and Illegal

• New Regulations stipulates that instead of providing quota • Table 1 shows the total quantities sold through to companies, the government will auction Taxus leaves DFOs by the government between 2001-2010. through its DFOs according to the allowable cut prescribed However, it does no t inc lu de sma ll quan tities so ld in the schemes. CFUGs can also auction if OP permits. by CFUGs from their community forests. • Company has to follow rules fixed for harvesting. • From the table it can be inferred that collection • District Forest Officers verify the quantity collected, was less that quota fixed and virtually no sale after collect associated fees, and issue a “release order”, which is required to transport harvested products out of the 2007. district of origin. • Illegal harvesting of leaves is believed to exist in • The release order should state: the species and quantity small quan tities prob abl y not exceedi ng 10 MT/ yr transported, the destination and the period in which espypecially from the eastern p art of the country and transportation must take place. most of these cross the boarder though different • Department of forests provide export permit of semi- names. processed products.

Collection of Taxus wallichiana in Different Years CHALLENGES OR DIFFICULTIES 600000. 00 FOR ELABORATION OF NDF

500000.00

400000.00 • Inadequate knowledge on the size of the present Eastern ram g g pppopulation and trends in the rate of resource decline CtlCentral

Kilo 300000.00 Western n n (or if decline is taking place).

ht i ht Midwest g g • Occurrence of this species in remote and inaccessible

Wei Farwest 200000.00 Grand Total terrain makes management and monitoring of htikdiffiltharvesting work difficult.

100000.00

0.00 2001/02 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 Fiscal Y ear

40 Capacity Building Workshop on Non-detriment Findings and Review of Signifi cant Trade in Plant Species Myanmar

Capacity-building on 'Non-detriment findings and Rauvolfia serpentina (L)Benth RiReview o fSiifif Significant TdfTrade for p lant spec i'ies' Bio log ica l data • Common Name Kathmandu City, Nep al, Rauvolfia root, Serpentine root , Snakewood (Eng.) Bon-ma-ya-zar (Mya.) from 9 to 11 January 2011. • Distribution Abundantly in natural Evergreen and Moist deciduous Forest of Myanmar as an understory species. (Kachin, Kayin, Shan, Sagaing, Bago and Mandalay) Non-dtidetrimen tfidit finding on • Population RlfiRauvolfiaserpentina (L)BhBenth Unknown. (Abundant natural regeneration) in Myanmar • Conservation status The species in not protected within national legislation. • MtPlManagement Plan There is no management plan for restoration or alleviation • Utilization and trade The species is collected and traded mainly for domestic use in indigenous Mr. Maung Maung Than, Director, Training and Research Development Division, Forest medicines. DttDepartment. Mr. Thein AngAung, Assistant Director, Nat ure and Wildlife Conserv ation Div ision. Forest Department.

LlLegqgal acqu iitiFidiisition Finding s Permitting practices

• The species is not yet protected within national • CITES Management Authority have never issued export permits . legislation in Myanmar. • Harvesting are controlled via the Forest Law and The • FD allows co llection as a non-timbbfer forest prod uct an d issue bbllills. Protection of Wildlife and Conservation of Natural Areas Law. • Just over 52,000 kg was recorded as harvested in the financial year • Annual harvest quotas are set by the Forest 2006-07 and just over 16,000 kg between 1 April 2007 and September 2007. From 2001 to 2004 the FD allowed around 70 t Department based on information provided by (fresh weight) to be harvested for domestic use. foresters in their forestry operation reports . • RlfRegular forest operat ions are un derta ken annua lly undd'er Myanmar's Forest Management System.

Briefly description

• Management - The species is not yet protected within national legislation, however harvests are controlled via the Forest Law and the Protection of Wildlife and Conservation of Natural Areas Law. - No scientific surveyyps have been undertaken of this species. - No monitoring system on the use of this species . ThThank k you - CITES Management Authority have never issued export permits. - No management plan. - Current level of harvest will not adversely affected population. - Some small-scale trial pppyplantations for local medicinal supply have been established.

PROCEEDINGS 41 Sri Lanka

Nepenthes distillatoria

• a tropical pitcher plant endemic to Sri Lanka TdRTrade Rev iew of N. distill at ori a • grown in waterlogged open scrub 3000 • distribution is restricted to lowland rain forests 2500

• conservation s ta tus: vu lnera ble (IUCN) 2000 ed d d • populltiation si ze: unk nown 1500 . tra o o

n 1000

500

0 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 year

• Major threat: Habitat loss and invasive species • Used for commercial purposes (ornamental plant) • Permits issued only for artificially propagated specimens

PiiPiPermitting Practice

Legal acquisition Request from Evaluation by the the client Department (MA) Inspection Before CITES came into effect the exporters had started business on Nepenthes spp. as ornamental plants. Research Committee (SC) Now wild collection is banned. Recommendation

Only tissue cultured products are legally exported to other countries, all the data available at the CITES management authority Approval subject to Reject Approval (MA) change Issuing the permit

Monitoring

Biodiversity Protection Unit established by SiLSri Lan ka Customs

Recent Detections

•Under-sized Chank Container Trapped

•Illegal Plants and Seeds Transporter Captured

•Illegal Export of Butterfly Cocoons

•Calamander seedlings, detected when smuggling out

•Sandalw ood, detected at Departu re lou nge

42 Capacity Building Workshop on Non-detriment Findings and Review of Signifi cant Trade in Plant Species Annex 5 : Statement of Expenditures

No. of Estimated S.N. Particular Days RATE Actual expenditure Differeces Remarks Participants Cost (US$) Allowances/Accomodation for Participants of the workshop

Participants (international) daily No participation from 4 16 142 3180.80 2584.5 596.30 allowance for pocketmoney 4 days Pakistan but two additional Nepalese participants 1 Participants (international) DSA 1 day 1 16 142 2272.00 1846 426.00 Accomodation with breakfast in five four night extra (two night star hotel for international participants 4 16 85 5440.00 5100 for Bhutan and two night only 340.00 for China) Sub Total 10892.80 9530.5 1362.30 Two way air fare and transportation for participants Bangladesh 2 390 780 780 Bhutan 2 640 1280 1280 China including one regional 2 860 1720 1720 representative India 2 396 792 792 Pakistan 2 870 1740 870 870 one ticketed not refunded 2 Myanmar 2 1613 3226 3226 Srilanka 2 1258 2516 2516 Indonesia (Regional representative) 1 1250 1250 1250 Airport transfer for international 2 18 5 180.00 180 participants transportation cost for all local 31 10 310.00 310 participants for 3days Sub Total 13794.00 12924 870 Stationary & Training Materials Bag packs for participants and 35 40 1400 1400 observers 0 3 Stationary & Training Materials 500.00 500 0 Photo copies 300.00 300 0 Sub Total 2200.00 2200 0 Refreshment Break fast for national participants and 3 8 10 240 340 organising committee members -100 included 10 more 42 more participated in Inaugural/opening session Tea Coffe cookies for three days along with minister and 82 3 246 372 during ws secretary of ministry of 4 Forest and Soil -126 conservation Buffet Lunch for three days 82 10 820 820 0 27more participated with Cocktail Reception Dinner 1 45 15 675.00 1500 drinks including invitees -825.00 and drivers Sub Total 1981.00 3032 -1051.00 Equipments and publication Laptop with printer (purchase) 1 1000 1000 1000 0 5 Editing and Publication of ws 1 1500 1500 1500 Proceeding 0 Sub Total 2500 2500 Total 31367.80 30186.5 1181.3 Secretarial Services, Management 6 3136.78 expenses and Miscelleneous 3136.58 0 Grand Total 34504.58 33323.08 1181.3 List of Participants in the Workshop Representative from 8 member 1 16 countries (2 from each country) 2 Regional representatives 1 Total Estimate 34504.58 3 Representative from Geneva 2 Actual Expenditure : 33323.08 Observers from hosting country It varied on different 4 including organising committee 13 days of ws members Total no.of mandays during three 82 work shop days

PROCEEDINGS 43