1961 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 10587 On Tuesday, so I was given to under­ ate adjourned until tomorrow, Friday, potentiary of the United States of America stand, it is hoped to have -the Senate June 16, 1961, at 12 o'clock meridian. to the Republic of Niger. Philip M. Kaiser, of New York, to be Am­ take up the water-pollution-control bill bassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary and the agricultural appropriation bill. NOMINATIONS of the United States of America to the Re­ Executive nominations received by public of Senegal, and to serve concurrently the Senate June 15, 1961: and without additional compensation as ADJOURNMENT Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipoten­ WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION tiary of the United States of America to the Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, if Dr. H. van Zile Hyde, of Maryland, to be Islamic Republic of Mauritania, vice Henry there be no further business to come be­ the representative of the United States of S. Villard. fore the Senate, I move that the Senate America on the Executive Board of the IN THE NAVY World Health Organization. stand in adjournment until 12 o'clock Rear Adm. Floyd B. Schultz and Rear noon tomorrow. DIPLOMATIC AND FOREIGN SERVICE Adm. Emerson E. Fawkes, U.S. Navy, for The motion was agreed to; and (at Mercer Cook, of the District of Columbia, permanent appointment to the grade of 8 o'clock and 11 minutes p.m.) the Sen- to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Pleni- rear admiral.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

Future Business Leaders Meet in Members of the school groups and abducted Lithuanians, except that those those making the trip to Washington still alive are suffering in prison camps. Washington with them were joined on a tour of the On this anniversary observance of Capitol, where they attended sessions of their deportation it might be a good idea EXTENSION OF REMARKS the House and Senate, by Miss Ernestine to take an accounting of what we as a OF Landry, Mrs. J.B. White and Miss Anita Nation have done toward helping Lithu­ HON. EDWIN E. WILLIS Landry, of Lafayette, and Miss Jennifer ania and other enslaved nations achieve Landry of Lake Charles. freedom; what we have failed to do; and OF LOUISIANA what we intend to do. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Thursday, June 15, 1961 Mr. WILLIS. Mr. Speaker, I was Heartless and Ruthless Treatment of Bal­ pleased to greet students and their tic Peoples by the Communists Lithuania Remembered sponsors from the Third Congressional EXTENSION OF REMARKS District of Louisiana who were in Wash­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS OF ington last week to attend the nat~onal OF convention of the Future Business HON. LOUIS C. RABAUT Leaders of America. The interest taken HON. WILLIAM B. WIDNALL OF MICHIGAN by these young people in preparing them­ OF NEW JERSEY IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES selves for the reponsibilities of leadership IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES they will assume in the business :field is Thursday, June 15, 1961 Thursday, June 15, 1961 gratifying and inspiring and the students Mr. RABAUT. Mr. Speaker, the sor­ and their instructors are to be com­ Mr. WIDNALL. Mr. Speaker, where row of the Lithuanian people began on mended and congratulated over the ben­ the Communists are concerned a fatal June 15, 1940, when the Soviet Army efits being derived from this valuable mistake would be for us to grow so ac­ occupied their nation. Under czarist training. . customed to the methods they employ Russia, the Lithuanians had lived in vir­ Attending the convention from schools in their quest for world domination that tual slavery. But they were on their in the congressional district I have the we become insensitive or indifferent to own lands, with fellow kinsmen as neigh­ honor of representing were: what they are doing. That is why I wel­ bors. After having dwelled in independ­ Thibodaux High: Miss Sarah Whaley, come every opportunity to show up the ent peace and prosperity for two decades, sponsor; Nellie Naquin, Janice Dufrene, Communists for what they are--heart­ to be suddenly invaded and treacher­ Jane Rome. · less and ruthless, who will stop at noth­ ously uprooted was the tragedy inflicted Scott High: Mrs. Lena B. Trahan, ing and who therefore must be stopped. upon the Lithuanians by their Soviet sponsor; Samuel Ardoin, Carole Mar­ The Soviet Union's duplicity and de­ captors. In one night, June 14-15, 1941, tinez, Patricia Ann Sonnier, Jane Pitt. ceit in international affairs is today al­ over 30,000 were moved bodily to Siberia, Lafayette Senior High: Mrs. F. J. Nu­ most universally known. During the never to return to their homeland. This gent, sponsor; Sandra Comeaux, June 1930's, however, the Soviet leaders had was only the first of three mass deporta­ Boudreaux. not shown their hand; had not revealed tions of Lithuanians to Siberia and Carencro High: Mrs. W. W. deVal­ their intention to enslave the world. But northern Russia. court, sponsor; Michael Landry, Claude their treatment of the Baltic peoples in A brief respite from Soviet tyranny Kenneson, Wayne Prejean, Sarah Ann 1940 exposed them and their evil pur­ occurred when Nazi Germany invaded Comeaux, Frances Breaux, Judy Hutch­ poses. They invaded Lithuania and by and occupied Lithuania for 3 years. Al­ inson, Gayle Brasseaux, Christine Arcen­ the end of June of that year had over­ though still under military domination, eaux, Jeanette Martin, Robley Richard, run that tiny nation and enslaved its the people fared better. When the Ger­ Luke Coussan, Morgan Landry. proud people under Communist tyranny. man armies were forced to retreat before Judice High: Mrs. Charles C. Mouton, Soon the country was absorbed into the the massive Soviet attacks, 140,000 Lith­ sponsor; Judy Smith, Minnie Lacour, U.S.S.R. uanians fled, too, to escape further Rus­ Janette Broussard. On orders from the Kremlin, thou­ sian captivity. Eighty thousand man­ Morgan City High: Miss Bobbye Trich­ sands of Lithuanian leaders and men aged to reach Western allied lines and el, sponsor; Mike E. Mangham, Eugene of prominence were summarily arrested, safety; 60,000 were rounded up by the Weber, Steve Loeb. Russians and sent to Siberia. In Lithu­ Accompanying the group from Scott placed in freight cars, and exiled to dis­ ania at this time, 1945-46, 145,000 were High School were Mrs. Annalee Aber­ tant parts of Asiatic Russia. It is esti­ exiled permanently to Siberia. These crombie and son, Drew, and accompany­ mated that during this terrorism that enforced Siberian convoys comprised the ing the Carencro High School group lasted more than a year, upwards of 50,- second mass deportation of Lithuanians. were Mrs. Leon Comeaux, Mrs. George 000 innocent and helpless Lithuanians The third occurred in 1949 when, re­ Cage, Mrs. George Duplex, Mrs. Ralph were deported to Russia. sisting against agricultural collectivism, Prejean, Mrs. Hilary Burleigh, Mrs. Les­ Today, more than 20 years later, we 60,000 more traveled the same one-way ter Breaux. have no knowledge of the fate of the road to Siberia. 10588 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE June 15 It is on this day, June 15, that we The variety of Arkansas' minerals is At this point, I am inserting the letter must remember the fate of the Lithu­ almost unlimited. The State is blessed that was sent to more than 5,000 people anians; for Soviet domination began this with rich deposits of bauxite, coal, chalk, in my district who wrote me for informa­ day and the first mass enforced exodus manganese, natural gas, petroleum, clay, tion on provisions of the proposed Fed­ occurred. Let us honor the Lithuanians gypsum, glass sand, novaculite, nephe­ eral aid to education bill. Frankly, a who continue to fight for independence. line, and syenite. These minerals are great many of them, without knowledge Let us hope that they may once more now being produced on a commercial of the bill, asked me to support President dwell in independence in their home­ scale and several others are awaiting Kennedy's proposal. This was my land, safe from the threat of further development. Arkansas is the only answer: tyranny and enforced slavery. State in the Union with a diamond mine. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, There are numerous other resources Washington, D.C. with which Arkansas is more than amply DEAR FRIEND: Thank you for your recent communication. Please accept my apology endowed. I think most of us readily for the delay in answering. Arkansas: 12S Years of Statehood realize that Arkansas stands as a true There are two subcommittees currently land of opportunity in America. Only holding hearings on education-one on gen­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS this year did our State rise to second in eral education, the other on higher learning. OF poultry production in America and I will Frankly, at the present time the issues are always believe that we rank first in the so clouded that it is impossible to determine HON. DALE ALFORD finest people on earth. Arkansas looks what legislation will be reported to the Con­ gress as a whole. OF ARKANSAS to the future full of confidence and The President has one point of view and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES optimism, and I am proud to call this the majority leader another. This difference Thursday, June 15, 1961 anniversary to the attention of this great of opinion ls unfortunate, and may defeat body. all the legislation. They both share the same Mr. ALFORD. Mr. Speaker, once religious faith. However, I will not sit idly again it gives me great pleasure to mark by and see our country divided on this issue. another anniversary of the admission of Federal Aid to Education A number of things must be agreed on be­ Arkansas into the Union. Today, Ar­ fore any general education bill, sponsored by kansas completes 125 years as a great the Federal Government, can become law. EXTENSION OF REMARKS 1. Should we extend and expand deficit State in this Nation of ours, for it was OF financing to provide funds for education? on June 15, 1836, that the State became 2. If not, should taxes be raised so that the the 25th member of this Union. It is HON. WILLIAM H. AYRES budget can be balanced? fitting indeed that we should pause and OF OHIO 3. What formula should be used in allo­ recognize this milestone. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cating the newly appropriated funds? Rich in heritage, Arkansas was first 4. If we are to have deficit financing, how visited by the early European explorers Thursday, June 15, 1961 large should the deficit be? in 1541 when Hernando de Soto crossed 6. Who will determine what program or Mr. AYRES. Mr. Speaker, I have programs the Federal money can be used for the Mississippi River and entered the been a member of the House Education ( construction, teacher salaries, equipment, Arkansas country. This early expedi­ and Labor Committee since 1957. Dur­ bond retirement, etc.) ? tion occurred approximately a half cen­ ing this time many controversial issues 6. Will private schools be allowed to par­ tury after America was first visited by have been before the committee. The ticipate in the program? Columbus. Speaker assigned me to this committee When the full Education Committee con­ Other explorers who followed De Soto at my request. With so many working siders the bill, I intend to speak out as were -Jacques Marquette and Louis people in our district, I wanted to be a clearly as I can. It is my judgment that re­ gardless of what the committee reports, the Joliet. Then on April 9, 1682, Robert member of the committee dealing with final bill will be written when the entire Caveleir, Sieur de la Salle claimed all the their problems. Also, having a deep in­ Congress considers the matter. land drained by the Mississippi River for terest in education, I knew I would en­ Thank you again for your interest. France. Henry de Tonti established joy the opportunity to work on legisla­ Your Congressman, Arkansas Post in 1686 and this became tion in this field. WILLIAM H. AYRE$. the oldest permanent white settlement When controversial labor bills were In further support of my position, I west of the Mississippi. De Tonti has before the committee, I listened to all am inserting the following editorial often been called the Father of Ar­ the testimony and then decided what which appeared in the Akron Beacon kansas. would be most beneficial for the Nation Journal, Wednesday, June 7, 1961, en-­ After Arkansas was admitted to the and the people I represent. As a Mem­ titled "Costly Help." Union 125 years ago today, the State ber of Congress, I have always felt it w~ government was housed in the Old State my responsibility to represent the best COSTLY HELP House which now stands as one of the interests of my district. As the issue of Federal aid to education moves toward a vote in the House of Rep­ outstanding examples of Old South ante­ In 1957 the Education and Labor Com­ resentatives, this fact is wo,rth noting: bellum architecture. In the Old State mittee reported out a Federal aid to edu­ Neither in the Senate debate nor in most House one finds one of the finest exist­ cation bill which eventually came to the of the testimony before the legislative ing State museums, with a record of the floor of the Congress. Like the pending committees nor in public discussion has various roles played by Arkansas in the bill, it was quite apparent that the com­ much attention been given to the basic history of America. mittee bill did not have the popular sup­ question of whether such help is needed. Arkansas today is rapidly gaining port of the majority of the American Hours of talk and pages upon pages of writing have been devoted to the question stature in many fields-industry, agri­ people. After meeting with President of whether aid shall be given to parochial culture, education, recreation, and so Eisenhower. I offered a bill which was as well as public schools. Whether aid shall forth. The State's official nickname, fair and adequate as a substitute. This be given to or withheld from racially -segre­ "The Land of Opportunity," was adopted bill was based on proven need, proven gated schools has been debated. Also, the in 1953 in recognition of the vast poten­ inability to pay, and full-scale local par­ problem of allocations--what formula shall tial in Arkansas and the citizens of Ar­ ticipation and control. Even that bill be used for distribution to the States? kansas have not been disappointed in failed to pass a Democratic-controlled Varied views have been offered about con­ this selection, as evidenced by a rapid Congress. trol. Some say that Federal supervision must be avoided; others, that it is inevitable. and steady economic growth. Now, we are faced with an entirely dif­ Arkansas rivers and springs provide ferent situation-a Democratic Presi­ BUT WHAT ABOUT NEED? one of the State's major resources. The dent, a Democratic Congress, and a top­ Are schools suffering from lack of money? Mis­ Is there no other place to turn for help? primary rivers of the State are the heavy, drastically unbalanced budget. The fact of the matter is that most States sissippi, St. Francis, White, Arkansas, The majority leader in the Senate, the and most school districts have kept pace Red, and Ouachita Rivers and their trib­ majority leader in the House, and the with rising needs and mounting expenses. utaries. All of these offer ample surface President of the United States, however, Public school expenditures have risen 1 ½ water for industrial and recreational cannot agree on whether or not private times as fast as national income in the last use. schools should receive Federal aid. 10 years. 1961 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 10589 Moreover, most States are in better posi­ systems to off er their support to a pro­ 1940 to June 1941, it is reported that tion to raise additional money than ls the posal advanced at the States Governors more than 50,000 innocent and patriotic Federal Government. State and local debts, Conference. Under their proposal a in relation to tax revenues, are scarcely half Lithuanians were imprisoned in concen­ as large as the Federal debt. percentage of personal income taxes tration or prison-labor camps in Asiatic We would concede that there are 8 or 10 paid to the Federal Government would be Russia. States, where personal income is low, which returned to the State and earmarked for Today on the anniversary observance justifiably could be given Federal help in education. If adequate funds cannot of their deportation, we pray that most order to bring educational standards up to be raised at the local level, it is primarily of them are still alive and will one day a decent minimum. because the Federal Government has return to freedom. But most States are fully capable of a preempted local sources of tax revenue. do-it-yourself program of building and operating the schools they need. I cannot support a bill such as the Widely overlooked is the · fact that the Kennedy bill which would cost taxpayers Federal Government doesn't have any magic in my district $1.50 to earn a dollar in Ware's 200th Anniversary supply of dollars all its own and available Federal aid. to hand out. I can, and will, support a proposal that EXTENSION OF REMARKS Any dollars which are given the States would return dollar-for-dollar value on OF for schools will eventually have to come from Federal funds local taxpayers have al­ taxpayers in the 50 States. ready paid. If there is a need for more HON. PHILIP J. PHILBIN And a well-to-do State, such as Ohio, OF MASSACHUSETTS will naturally be paying in much more than school funds, and in some areas of Ohio it gets. Specifically, it has been computed there may well be, for education of our IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES that Ohio's share of the cost of getting $39 children, then let us be in favor of a Thursday, June 15, 1961 million a year will be nearly $60 million a plan that is economically sound-and year. In other words, for every $1.50, we'll . morally right. Mr. PHILBIN. Mr. Speaker, under get $1. Let us keep our tax dollars working unanimous consent to extend my re­ To the extent that Ohio's public schools for us at home and not dilute them marks in the RECORD, I include herein a may need more money, wouldn't it be better through a vast, rambling Federal bu­ speech which I recently made at the to raise it and spend it right at home? At opening exercises of the 200th anniver­ least we'd get dollar for dollar. reaucracy with its attendant waste and inefficiency. Let us not let the Federal sary of the celebration of the establish­ This editorial states plainly and logi­ Government dictate to us what it wants ment of the town of Ware, in my cally the reasons why I must, in the in­ our children to learn-let us control our district, together with the very kind, gen­ terests of the people of the 14th District, educational processes as we have in the erous and, so far as I am concerned, quite oppose the Kennedy Federal aid to edu­ past. America grew to greatness under undeserved introductory remarks of my cation bill. a free and independent educational sys­ good friend, the very able and distin­ Much of the correspondence received tem. Let us not bridle our children with guished selectman of the town of Ware, on this measure has been from those the bit of Federal regimentation. The Bernard Wilson. occupationally connected with the edu­ choice is still ours. Let us keep this Mr. Wilson's introduction follows: cation of our children. They are per­ portion of our priceless, traditional, and Today, as we in Ware are gathereµ here to sonally interested in several aspects of commemmorate the 100th anniversary of the invaluable heritage. Civil War, we are most fortunate to have in the Kennedy proposal. our midst, a gentleman whose name is fa­ Our teachers, contrary to widely cir­ miliar to us all. A gentleman whose name, culated inferences, will not automati­ no doub~, will be recalled by the residents cally receive pay raises through the Soviet Deportation of Lithuanians of the Third Massachusetts District, prob­ Kennedy aid to education bill. The ably as long as we remember the names of Generals Grant and Lee who were so promi­ Kennedy bill, for instance, leaves the EXTENSION OF REMARKS decision of whether or not allocated nent 100 years ago. A gentleman who will OF be ren1embered as the distinguished Con­ funds will be applied to teachers' salaries, gressman from Massachusetts who has served to the individual States. In addition, HON. WILLIAM W. SCRANTON his district with dignity in the House of the control of local taxes which have OF PENNSYLVANIA Representatives for 18 years. always provided, and will continue to I must admit that most of my affiliations provide, the bulk of funds used for edu­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES with this gentleman have been through cor­ cational purposes, and will remain un­ Thursday, June 15, 1961 respondence, with one single exception. Back in 1957 during my first year as selectman, I der local control. Experience with past Mr. SCRANTON. Mr. Speaker, dur­ was fortunate to meet personally this man Federal programs has proven that when ing the last 2 decades the government whom we keep sending back to Washington the Federal Government becomes a par­ of the Soviet Union has committed so every 2 years to protect our interests and to ticipant, the local government, being di­ many crimes against humanity that one take care of our problems at the national rectly subservient to the influence of of its earliest inhumanities against the level. local citizens, tends to withdraw its :fi­ small, helpless, and innocent nations of nancial support in proportion to the the Baltic states has almost been for­ It is, therefore, with great pleasure, that amount of Federal aid granted. If local gotten. This June marks the 21st year I present to my fellow citizens, the guest citizens believe that the Federal Govern­ of the beginning of that crime, which speaker on this occasion, a gentleman who ment has assumed responsibility for ls an outstanding Congressman, an outstand­ ended in the enslavement of the Lithu­ ing son of Massachusetts and an outstanding school :financing, the pressure for local anians in their homeland and the exile American, our U.S. Representative, the Hon­ tax reduction will be automatic and of many others numbering in tens of orable PHILIP J. PHILBIN, of Clinton. irresistible. thousands. It is apparent that one of the major The fallowing is the text of my Lithuanians had regained their free­ speech: effects of Federal aid, whether or not it dom at the end of the First World War, benefits teachers' salaries, will inevitably and in their ancient homeland were liv­ REMARKS OF CONGRESSMAN PHILIP J. PHIL­ be Federal control of curriculum, teacher ing in peace. Their main worry was the BIN, WARE ANNIVERSARY CELEBRATION, SUNDAY, MAY 28, 1961 qualifications, and other aspects of our attitude of the Soviet Union towards educational system. This is not just It is a real pleasure, honor, and happy them. Rightly, they were very appre­ privilege to join you today in this impressive theory. In 1934, the U.S. Supreme Court hensive of Soviet intentions, and unfor­ commemorative service of the great anni­ ruled that it is not only the privilege, tunately their worst fears came true in versary celebration of the beautiful town of but the responsibility of the Federal 1940. Early in the spring they were first Ware. Government to exercise control over accused of anti-Soviet policies. They In the first instance I must extend my functions in which it is a :financial were forced to allow the stationing of warm compliments and heartiest congratu­ contributor. Soviet troops in Lithuania. Their little lations to your brilliant bicentennial chorus, It would be far better for the Ohio its leaders and accompanists for the very country was overrun by the Red Army, beautiful musical program, delightful sing­ Education Association and similar or­ and then, on orders from the Kremlin, ing of oldtime songs so dear to our hearts ganizations in States which have done a all Lithuanian leaders were arrested and and the rendition and reading of the most good job of improving their educational exiled to Siberia. In 1 year, from June appealing cantata, "Holiday Montage." 10590 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE June 15 I want to compliment your committee 60 enlistees from Ware was the first to land previous blessings of ordered liberty may be upon the outstanding work of arranging a for an.attack on New Orleans in 1862. assured for this Nation and the world. fine, suitable program for this anniversary, · The Civil War Memorial in Aspen Grove If we boldly face every problem and danger and am sure that it wlll bring many happy Cemetery bears the names of 42 honored that confronts us in the spirit of this great memories, much strong inspiration and re­ dead from Ware who made the supreme heritage, no power on earth can ever pre­ newed dedication for all the people of Ware sacrifice in that war. In all, 211 served from vail over us. and for many others who admire your out­ Ware, a most exceptional sacrifice for the I congratulate the town and wonderful standing history, your unsurpassed civic then small community, and the history people of Ware upon this historic anniver­ spirit and your star..ch patriotism. books abound with the heroic exploits of the sary and hope and pray that in the time to All of us may well take pleasure and satis­ noble sons of Ware who sacrificed so much come the good Lord will bring you and your faction today in contemplating the early to preserve the Union. inspiring American community his choicest founding of Ware, its illustrious history, and In the Spanish War, in World War I, in blessings of good health, prosperity, and hap­ the many magnificent contributions which World War II, in the Korean war, in every piness and many anniversaries like this one, its people have made, in war and in peace, to crisis that confronted the Nation, the sons and a people, ever grateful to the glorious human progress and to our Commonwealth and the people of Ware were found in the past, and resolutely dedicated under God and Nation. foremost ranks of those who rallied in every to the principles and values of human free­ The proud history of Ware dates back to way to the defense of freedom, the preserva­ dom, security, and peace. the early Indian wars, to a period long be­ tion of the Nation and the perpetuation of Thank you very much for the high privi­ fore the formal incorporation of the town the great ideals of democracy and justice. lege of being with you today. November 28, 1761, before the establishment Certainly we must pause today and recall of the Union and before the Revolutionary the unselfish service, the heroic deeds, the War. gallant sacrifices, the steady, loyal citizen­ Some historians assert that John Read, ship typical of Ware residents who have owner of large tracts of land in Connecticut sprung to the defense of the Nation in times History Can Never Erase the Tragedy and Massachusetts, gave the name of "Man­ of danger, and have served with such shin­ of Lithuania our of Peace" to this community because at ing example, warm inspiration and whole- the time the area was enjoying an uneasy hearted dedication in the days of peace. · peace from Indian raids. We must always remember with most EXTENSION OF REMARKS In his scholarly, well-documented history grateful appreciation the struggles of the OF of Ware, Rev. Arthur Chase gave the year early American settlers who carved this 1726 as the first date of settlement, when beautiful community out of the wilderness, HON. ROMAN C. PUCINSKI Henry Dwight located on 200 acres of land and set up their temples of worship, homes, OF ILLINOIS in the southern part of the "Manour of schools, and civilized institutions and or­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Peace" which he had leased. derly free government, in this honored At an early date, in fact as early as 1780, place. They were hardy, resolute people, Thursday, June 15, 1961 the value of Ware's waterpower was recog­ fiercely and militantly committed to human nized, because it was then that a mm was freedom in all its ramifications. We can Mr. PUCINSKI. Mr. Speaker, 21 established near the falls of the river. This never forget the great debt we owe them. years ago today one of the most mon­ was run by Capt. Jabez Olmstead, a stalwart As years sped along, peoples of other races strous crimes ever perpetrated in the Indian fighter and officer in the expedition have come to this community bringing their history of civilization was committed by against the French at Louisburg in 1745. rich heritage of love of God and passion for the Soviet Union when it deported more From the very beginning the river has liberty, representing the so-called newer than 30,000 Lithuanians to Siberia as greatly influenced the town, and from it has races of many nationalities, that loyalty a prelude to the Communist's barbaric come its name of today. The Indians called joined with the older ones to bring fulfill­ plot to incorporate Lithuania into the the river "the Nenamesec," which means ment to the American dream-the Irish, the fishing weir. The river in those days Poles, the French, the Italians, the Germans, Soviet Union. abounded in fish, especially salmon, and it the Jews, the Scandinavians, people from During the nights of June 15 and 16, was a favorite fishing spot for the Indians. the Near East, and many other parts of the 1940, these 30,000 Lithuanians who con­ Today the town seal of Ware recalls the world who have come to this community, stituted the intellectual leadership in catching of fish by the Indians at the falls. some of them in larger numbers than others, Lithuania and who would have served The Ware River has certainly been a prin­ all bringing with them something of worth as the nucleus of indomitable opposition cipal source of the town's industrial strength and value to the building of a greater and to Communist rule in their country, were because its swift I'\!Ilning waters furnished better community and a stronger, greater a cheap source of power able to turn the Nation. brutally removed and the world has wheels of industry. In intervening years great changes have never again heard from these people. Down through the years the town has occurred in the makeup of Ware's popula­ Of all the barbaric crimes committed by seen many industries grow, prosper, and tion, and today many peoples and strains the Communists in World War II, this sometimes fade away with the changing are here-all loyalty working for the better­ tragic deportation of men, women, and needs of the times. ment of community and country children to Siberia shall continue to In 1987 the famed Otis Mills in Ware pro­ We may well be proud and thankful to­ plague the conscience of the free world vided employment for about 1,700 of the day-proud of the achievements and accom­ as long as the Communists are permitted town's population. That is the year, some plishments of the past wrought out of the will recall, when the town's economy re­ hands and minds of sturdy pioneers, out of to evade a full accounting for this crime. ceived a crushing blow when the mills the loyalty and devotion of all the dedicated We are indeed living in troubled closed without much advance warning. peoples who have followed them, thankful times and with so many new interna­ And that is the year, one of the most that this community and our Nation have tional crises confronting the free world, glorious in its long history, when the town been blessed by the Almighty to be en­ it is lamentable that this great tragedy fought back to become hailed as "the town dowed by such patriotic, able, intelligent of Lithuania is too often overlooked. that couldn't be licked," because in 11 days leadership, strengthened and sustained by I take this occasion today to mark the townspeople dipped into their savings such wholehearted and devoted people, all this tragic anniversary so that the rulers to put up $50,000 to organize an industrial seeking and working fo sustain the great po­ comeback. litical ideals and moral truths of our way of of the Kremlin will know that sooner or We all should be proud to recount the days life, building on the great foundation stones later the Communists will be brought to when in a little more than 2 years, due to of the past, and steadily forging ahead in the bar of justice for their brutal con­ the courage, persistency, good judgment, and these crucial days with unabated vigor and duct. intelligent direction, and above all the loy­ faith, carrying the torch of freedom into the The Communists would indeed desire alty of the people, Ware had more people space age and wherever it may lead man in for the world to forget about this great working with larger payrolls than ever, in his quest for knowledge, human betterment, sacrifice which the Lithuanian people such diversified industries as hats, shoes, and spiritual enlightenment. dresses, metal, woolens, and woolen goods. This troubled world would be better, I made in the struggle for freedom, but Reared in struggle and sacrifice, pro­ know, and the critical problems which face they are tragically miscalculating the foundly devoted to freedom and its mean­ us today would be more easily solved, I am spirit of the free world, for I am certain ing, unshakeable in religious and patriotic sure, if we of this generation are ever mind­ that my colleagues in Congress will join faith, it was only natural that Ware should ful, as we go into the future, of the great me in a firm vow that we shall never make great contributions in the Civil War. sacrifices that have been made to build this permit history to erase this atrocity. Just a few days after the firing on Fort great Nation of ours, because it is only by Nothing will ever bring the 30,000 vie­ Sumter, a special Ware town meeting voted living up to the principles, ideals, and values $5,000 to equip volunteers and provide for which the people of past generations fear­ tuns of Communist brutality back to life, their families in their absence. lessly fought and died for, and which we but we as free people must continue to The Ware company, Company D, 31st Regi­ must resolutely guard in our time and trans­ cite this monstrous a"Ct as just one more ment, Massachusetts Volunteers with about mit to those who come after us, that the example of the futility of those who think 1961 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE '10591 there can be some form of coexistence, This is the anniversary observance of gentlemen could not have been more gra­ their deportation, and we again hope cious to me. The one exception was that some·form of compromise, some form of you didn't let North Carolina win. Mary­ understanding with the Communist that in the not too distant future all land did. mind. · Lithuanians will. regain their freedom. This great University of Maryland has I hope today's tragic anniversary will truly a long and proud heritage. Its history serve as yet another reminder of the full is the history of two institutions, both ven­ ugliness that motivates the Communist erable: the old privately owned University conspiracy to ultimately plunge the en­ Challenges to Graduates, 1961 of Maryland in Baltimore, which was char­ tire free world into the scope of Soviet tered in 1812; Maryland State College at captivity. College Park, which dates from 1856. EXTENSION OF REMARKS Long before these two institutions were I hope that this anniversary will re­ OF merged in 1920 to form the present Univer­ min'i free people everywhere that to this sity of Maryland, they had established one day the United States has refused to HON. SAMUEL N. FRIEDEL of the oldest medical schools in the United recognize the complete annihilation of OF MARYLAND States, the first dental school in the world, Lithuania by the Soviet Union in plac­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and the second oldest agricultural college in ing this great nation into its orbit. It the Western Hemisphere. Here, years before is significant that to this day the United Thursday, June 15, 1961 Americans came generally to accept the idea of universal higher education, the founda­ States continues to recognize the emigre Mr. FRIEDEL. Mr. Speaker, last Sat­ tion was ready and in place for a great pub­ government which is truly the consti­ urday we in Maryland were privileged to lic university. tutional government of Lithuania, and have a member of the President's Cab­ I know from my experience as chairman I hope the United states will soon find inet address the graduating class at the of the southern regional education board a way to give these Lithuanian exiles, University of Maryland. I think we all that Maryland-State and university alike­ who struggle so hard to keep alive the agree that such an occasion calls for in­ is very much on the move these days in spirit of freedom which the Lithuanians spiring words to our young citizens who many ways. President Elkins, I have been have so gallantly defended through the are starting out on their own for the most impressed by your new business asso­ ciates program. This project, which extends centuries, alive. first time. to industry the research services of the uni­ I am sure all Americans join me in What to say to these young people as versity and which builds a sound basis for expressing the sincere hope that within they plan to take their responsible place work together, is most farsighted; and I our lifetime we will be able to see Lithu­ in our society requires our utmost effort think it ties directly to your own fine pro­ ania, along with all the other captive ·if we are to leave them with the proper gram, Governor Tawes, for bringing more nations, once again emerge as a symbol impression of their duties as the leaders scientific companies to Maryland. of freedom and democracy on the Euro­ of tomorrow. And, of course, you have done a magnifi­ pean continent. Otherwise, those 30,000 cent job with our armed forces in Europe Secretary of Commerce Luther H. in your classes and courses offered to t.ens Lithuanians, whose deportation and sub­ Hodges gave the graduates at the Uni­ of thousands of our boys and girls overseas. sequent death in Siberia we mourn to­ versity of Maryland such an inspiring Your graduate school is large and excel­ day, will have given their lives in vain. challenge in his address last week that lent, and if you maintain its quality, you I would like to have it inserted at this will insure an overall good institution. point in the RECORD so that all of my The President of the United States has colleagues will have an opportunity to said, and I think it is a great truth, that Soviet Deportation of Lithuanians review his sage advice. "our progress as a nation can be no swifter than our progress in education. Our re­ Secretary Hodges' address follows: quirements for world leadership, our hopes EXTENSION OF REMARKS ADDRESS BY SECRETARY OF COMMERCE LUTHER for economic growth, and the demands of OF H. HODGES AT COMMENCEMENT EXERCISES, citizenship itself in an era such as this re­ UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK, quires the maximum development of every HON. GLENARD P. LIPSCOMB Mo., JUNE 10, 1961 young American's capacity." OF CALIFORNIA Governor Tawes, President Elkins, Mr. · Not in my lifetime-and it goes all the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Holter, distinguished guests, ladies and way back to the 19th century-has this gentlemen, I want to share with you, if I country needed so urgently a supply of Thursday, June 15, 1961 may, a letter that one of my colleagues re­ talented, educated minds. Where once we Mr. LIPSCOMB. Mr. Speaker, Lith­ ceived the other day from a little boy in could get by with a small corps of intellec­ uanians had suffered under foreign re­ Kansas. It was- directed to our National tuals and a mass of people with elementary gimes during most of their modern his­ Bureau of Standards, which, as you probably and secondary educations, today we need know, is one of the divisions of the Depart­ much more. Today we require masses of tory, but the suffering and misery which ment of Commerce dealing with science and intellectuals and quantity education, not has been their lot since early 1940 has technology. just at secondary stages, but at the highest been quite unbearable and terrifying. In The letter was quite brief. "Dear Sir," it levels and at the highest standards of the spring of that year the Soviet Union said, "if possible I would like you to send excellence. began to undermine Lithuania's inde­ me some material on the universe or some­ To cope with the realities of this age, we pendence, and by the end of June, Lith­ thing related to it. Thank you." need-we must have-higher education that uanians were enslaved under Communist I wish I knew how my colleague answered can challenge for millions of young people tyranny. that letter, because I have a feeling that here the germ of genius, great or small, academic this morning I am pretty much on the same or technical, that every intelligent being has When the country was overrun by the spot. The interests of this graduating class within him to some degree. As the Presi­ Red army, the people were terror-strick­ of 1961 reach as far as there is stardust. dent has said, our goals must be "a new en and oppression prevailed everywhere. And I wonder what a commencement speaker standard of excellence in education-and Then many thousands of prominent can tell you that will help you understand the availability of such excellence to all who Lithuanian leaders in every walk of life this changing, vast-indeed, limitless-do• are willing and able to pursue it." were arrested, held incommunicado, put main that you are about to enter. Let me take just a few minutes to make in freight cars and shipped to Asiatic For my part, I intend today to take the clear why these goals are so necessary and Russia. Such arrests on a larger scale only proved, intelligent approach there is to urgent. the problem. I am going to close my eyes, In the last 20 years, particularly, the ex­ continued for more than a year, and by breathe deeply, and plunge-and hope to plosive pace of technological change has June of 1941 the number of innocent and heaven that some scrap of information I added a tremendous complexity to the tasks patriotic Lithuanians arrested and exiled have about "the universe or something re­ on which our society depends. You see this to eastern Russia was reported to be lated to it" will be of worth to you. most dramatically in science. But it shows more than 50,000. Of this number very All this aside, I am really delighted to almost everywhere. Doctors, teachers, Gov­ few have been accounted for so far; the come again to Maryland and to join in these ernment officials, union leaders, manage­ rest still suffer in some distant part of commencement exercises. The last time I ment men have all been affected by a de­ was here was in 1957 for the "Queen's Gaine" mand for an increasing range of skills in the Soviet Union. All efforts on the part between the Maryland and University of their jobs. of the International Red Cross and other North Carolina football teams. This, you At the same time, society has ben calling organizations have been of no avail, and may remember, was the game that Queen for more skilled people of all kinds. This the Soviet Government simply pays no Elizabeth and Prince Philip saw. is apparent if you just look back at the attention to appeals made in behalf of I had a wonderful time that day, shouted way the makeup of our labor force has these unfortunate Lithuanians. myself hoarse, and, except for one thing, you changed. 10592 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE June 15 In 1910, for Instance, about one-third of This, I know, is a great deal to expect, seen again the sort of thing that can hap­ all workers in the United States were skilled. particularly from our public universities pen-the gamblers get in, and the fixes That is, they were professional and technical which are pressured so acutely today by the begin. workers; proprietors, managers, and officials; problem of handling swelling enrollments Much of our trouble here-the reason for clerical employees; and skilled production while maintaining and raising the quality this lingering nonsense that old alma mat er workers and foremen. of their instruction. must have winning teams-can be traced, In 1960, however, nearly one-half of all Higher education enrollments have been I think, squarely to us alumni. Through workers were in skilled categories requiring increasing steadily, and over the next 10 some strange, immature quirk, we seek the considerable educational background. What years they will jump spectacularly as the prestige of association with a winner. Thus is more, the increase in skilled employment postwar baby crop reaches college age. Last we apply pressure on the old school to build was greatest in just those areas that require fall, we had 3 .6 million young men and up its athletic plant, and the school, mindful the highest competence and the most ex­ women enrolled in degree-credit courses at of alumni contributions, may not be strong t ended training. colleges and universities. By the fall of enough to say no. While this demand for talent has been 1970, the figure will be more than 6 million, I think it's about time the aging rah-rah building for a long time, it is now increasing or a near-doubling of student bodies in a boys grew up, and let up. If they really at an accelerated rate. And it will continue single decade. need to borrow prestige, let them borrow the t o grow, probably even fast er, as certain Here at College Park, I understand, you best there is-the reputation of a school forces exert more of their pressures in the are forecasting a 49-percent increase in en­ where education, quality education, comes years ahead. rollm ent by 1964-65, and this will come on first, last, and alway1,. Automation, for one, is bound to raise top of a rise from 7,540 to 10,168 in full­ On the whole, we have come a long way the level of skills needed by industry, no time equivalent enrollment over the past 5 these past few years to waking up to our matter what else it does. Routine jobs will years. real needs for education. The accomplish­ be replaced by far more demanding ones Now there are some people, I know, who ments of the Soviet Union have been a rude involving supervision, regulation, and the will still argue that to seek excellence under stimulus, shaking us to the truth that the production of new machines themselves. such conditions is pure foolishness-that U.S. supremacy in science, which we took for The rewards of discovery have already pro­ quantit y and quality just won't mix. granted, might actually prove to be tech­ duced a great growth in systematic research, Well, I am awfully tired of that argument nological inferiority. And again I raise a both public and private. They will con­ and the nonsense that lies behind it. These warning to all the public to take heed. tinue to do so, and the need for scientific people somehow assume that this society I think we are about ready to make sacri­ personnel to man new efforts will grow pro­ can afford to educate either a few people ex­ fices, to admit our life has been too smug portionately. ceedingly well or a great number of people and comfortable, and to recognize, as Edward Finally, and perhaps most compelling of not so well, but only one or the other. Payson said, that "luxury is the first, second, all, the military and economic threat of the But how can you, in this Nation which and third cause of the ruin of all republics. Soviet Union, will make an increased in­ so desperately needs masses of talented man­ It is the vampire which soothes us into a tellectual endeavor not a matter of choice, power, justify that argument? How can you fatal slumber while it sucks the lifeblood of but a necessity for sheer survival. close your eyes to the need to develop all our veins." Though the United States has not sought individuals to their maximum potential? In short, I think we are-we must be­ the leadership of the free world in this vast And how can you justify spending public ready to pay the price for excellence in edu­ struggle with world communism, leadership funds-the total that went into higher edu­ cation and for assuring, as the President has fallen to us, with all its obligations. cation from all levels of Government in said, "that every talented young person who To our old allies in the northern half of 1957- 58 amounted to nearly $2.5 billion-to has the ability to pursue a program of higher the world, we bear grave responsibilities for educate well the elite or to do just half education will be able to do so if he chooses, the preservation of freedom. To the newly a job for everyone else? regardless of his financial means." developing nations of the Southern Hemi­ Believe me, I don't suggest that the task Now just one last word. For you in this sphere, we have not only obligations, but before us is easy. I merely say it has to be graduating class there will be most exciting great opportunities for demonstrating that done. The President has recognized the ur­ opportunities in this expanding and chang­ social and economic progress can go hand gency of the situation and has proposed a ing world. There will be new things to be in hand with the development of political program of Federal assistance to higher edu­ done in every field of endeavor, and there democracy. cation which will help materially to ease will be challenges, such as those imposed by The United States cannot stand strong in some of the financial problems ahead, both our new Peace Corps, to develop new ways of the cause of freedom, certainly cannot hold for the colleges and students. But whatever doing things which now seem commonplace. a banner to which the awakening, disad­ the Federal Government does must be con­ To these challenges, you will bring a fresh­ vantaged people can repair, if it does not sidered as a "supplement" or a "challenge ness and vitality, and if you have spent your maintain its military, economic, and tech­ fund." The real job, now and always, is up years here well, if you have developed char­ nological superiority. to the States and localities. acter as well as your brain, you will make Two years ago, I visited the Soviet Union I think, generally, the public senses a new the most of your opportunities. Your hori­ with a group of American Governors. We importance to higher education. I think zons are limited by neither time nor space. toured factories, collective farms, schools this is reflected both in increased support You can make what you will of your talents and universities, and we talked to local and for the universities and colleges, public and and your energies in a world which is wide republic leaders and to Mr. Khrushchev him­ private, and in greater recognition by many enough and high enough to encompass your self. Everywhere we turned, we saw abun­ people of the role that the family must play broadest visions and highest ambitions. dant evidence of their drive to excel the in motivating youngsters to pursue a full I wish you luck and good fortune, and I United States and of their emphasis on edu­ education. thank you for letting me share this wonder­ cation as the means of doing it. Finally, I know that most universities are ful occasion wit h you. I came away from that trip more con­ keenly aware of their responsibility to edu­ vinced than ever that the United States must cate increasing numbers of students at in­ develop not only more and better scientists creasingly high standards. This Nation h as and engineers, but better educated indi­ already built a system of higher education viduals of all kinds. Specialists we must that h as no equal in the world. The plans Soviet Deportation of Citizens of the have, to be sure. But we should be aware that ar e now underway- for expanding fa­ that at the pace the world is moving, the cilit ies, improving curriculums, raising fac­ Three Baltic States skills we may demand 10 years hence m ay ulty standards--should be reassurance that be unknown today. . most colleges have every intention of main­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS This makes things ~ore difficult, for it taining their superiority. This means, for OF means that our universities and colleges one thing, that our public schools, elemen­ must give us men whose education has in­ tary and high schools, must do a far better HON. SEYMOUR HALPERN cluded both depth and breadth-men who job of preparation than they are now doing. have specialized, but who have not become I think it is unfortunate that in some col­ OF NEW YORK chained to their specialty. leges, however, there still seems a difference IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES As the Carnegie Foundation has said in of opinion about which is more important­ Thursday, June 15, 1961 its report, "The Great Talent Hunt," "in­ athletics or education. telligence untempered by wisdom, compe­ Now I played on teams in college, and I Mr. HALPERN. Mr. Speaker, today, t ence unguided by a sense of values-these am fully aware what a wonderful thing June 15, is a day that must always be could be our downfall as surely as ignorance sports can be- in their proper place- and I kept alive in the memories of freedom­ and incompetence." am for sports and good teams. But their loving peoples of the world. It is a day In short, we have no choice but to demand place is secondary. And when you start buy­ that must be looked on with dismay, from our schools and colleges men who have ing basketball teams, for example, start b een prepared, who have intellectual and handing out scholarships for brawn and with a resolve that it must not happen technical competence, to assume a versatile physical skill rather than brain, and a desire again. It was on this day, 21 years ago, roie- whether it be in science, industry, the for education, you are mixing values badly that the Soviet Army took over the inde­ ar ts, or education itself. and heading for trouble. We have recently pendent State of Lithuania by force; 2 1961 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 10593 days later, the Russians occupied the where they have been able to learn skills ties make it all the more difficult for us other two Baltic States, Latvia and and professions, work for a fair wage, to strive to achieve mutual agreements Estonia. and pursue their individual happiness with the Soviet Union in order to pre­ As if the snuffing out of the liberty of without intimidation. Most important, serve peace throughout the world. these three nations was not a sufficiently however, Israel has given to these people When we recall this bloody record, we brutal act, the Soviets just 1 year later, the opportunity to regain their self-re­ have trouble believing that the Soviet on June 15, 1941-20 years ago today­ spect and dignity-their humanity­ rulers will ever be content with a lasting completed their first mass deportations which only a man free to think and peace. Too many peoples have been up­ of citizens from the three Baltic States act can enjoy. We Americans, whose rooted and perished under their heel. to prison and work camps within the Founding Fathers were forced to flee the interior of Russia. Old World because they were not free to On this day, commemorating these two believe as they would, can well appreciate tragic occasions, let us express our hope this. Flag Day, 1961 that the peoples of the Baltic States may Israel's future, judging from its past, soon again live in freedom in their home­ must be a great one. But many dangers EXTENSION OF REMARKS land. still confront these brave people. On OF three sides, hostile neighbors, jealous of her progress, continue to stockpile arma­ HON. FRED SCHWENGEL Israel's Bar Mitzvah ments and threaten war, and enforce OF IOWA blockades and boycotts against her in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES EXTENSION OF REMARKS defiance of the United Nations Charter. Thursday, June 15, 1961 OF Although the Israeli nation has barely passed into its adolescence, her enemies Mr. SCHWENGEL. Mr. Speaker, on HON. GEORGE M. WALLHAUSER might well take heed of these words Flag Day, Wednesday, June 14, it was OF NEW JERSEY spoken by Josephus nearly 2,000 years my distinct honor to once again serve IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ago: as principal speaker at the Flag Day ex­ ercises on the steps of the east front of Thursday, June 15, 1961 These men have inviolable attachment to liberty and say that God is their only Lord the Capitol. I am flattered that this Mr. WALLHAUSER. Mr. Speaker, it and Master. They also do not mind dying same privilege has been accorded me 6 is indeed my great pleasure to pay trib­ any death, nor could the fear of death make of the 7 years I have been in Washing­ ute to the gallant State of Israel, the them call any man their master. This im­ ton. hope of the free world in the Middle mutable resolution of theirs is well known This year's program, my role notwith­ to a great many. What I have said does not standing, was one of those events which East, on the recently celebrated 13th adequately express the determination that anniversary, or bar mitzvah, of their they show. would rekindle patriotism in the most founding, casual citizen and inspire him to look In a large sense, the Jewish nation As I have urged before, our Govern­ with new meaning upon the Stars and is far older than 13 years. The found­ ment must continue to press for freedom Stripes. I am glad that I could have a ing of Israel occurred thousands of years of passage of all ships through the Suez part in it. I am convinced that this ago-when the Lord appeared before Canal in keeping with international law, type of program should occur with great­ Moses at the burning bush and com­ and this, of course, includes Israeli ships er frequency. manded him to lead the children of and ships dealing with Israel. We must Special tribute should be paid to Mrs. Israel to the promised land. The Bible continue as we have in the past to make Mary Nichols and her committee for tells of the Jews' danger-fraught exodus mutual aid funds and loans available to making arrangements for the event and from Egypt and entrance into Canaan. Israel for its greater development. We for carrying out the program, which was Many times in their ancient history must do this, not only in respect for her ably introduced by master of ceremonies, since then, the Jews have been driven courage, creativity, and humanity, but William J. Holliman, of the VFW. from Palestine but each time they have also because it is in the best interest of A new and brilliant feature was in­ been willing to undergo similar hazards America to strengthen so dedicated a cluded in this year's presentation-''The to return to the land of their forefathers. democracy and so faithful a friend. Flag Story," staged by Company C of the In 1948, their fists clenched, the Jewish 1st Battle Group, 3d Infantry-the Old people announced to the world that they Guard--of Fort Myer, Va. All who have would not be moved again. The United seen this moving display of State and States supported their action and now, Lithuanian Memorial National colors and heard the dramatic 13 years later, it can well be proud it narrative which makes it live as a glori­ did so. EXTENSION OF REMARKS ous capsule from American history, know Our world today is ideologically di­ OF what a wonderful spectacle this is. Spe­ vided. In this cold war, democracy is cial recognition should go to the com­ pitted against communism, representa­ HON. JOHN H. DENT manding officer, Col. Richard M. Lee, tive government vies with totalitarian OF PENNSYLVANIA Capt. Neale Cosby, Capt. Frank Belock regime, free people are threatened with IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and to Pfc. William F. Hennessey, the enslavement. The free world owes a narrator. debt of gratitude to the State of Israel, Thursday, June 15, 1961 In order that the Members, who could long an outpost of democracy in a vital Mr. DENT. Mr. Speaker, on June 15, not attend the exercises, can know the area where Communist penetration has we commemorate the advent of Soviet scope of the program, I ask unanimous been marked. Because of background, rule in Lithuania in 1940. At that time consent that the program and my ad­ law, and social order, this nation has an army of the Soviet Union marched dress appear in the CONGRESSIONAL ever been committed to belief in God, into Lithuania and demanded the for­ RECORD. freedom, and human dignity. Israel's mation of a friendly government. In FLAG DAY ExERCISES, JUNE 14, 1961, THE EAST many successes stand as proof to the order to insure their dominance, the So­ FRONT OF THE U.S. CAPITOL rest of the world that prosperity and viet rulers during the course of the fol­ (Sponsored by Department of Potomac happiness are only gained through in­ lowing year deported over 30,000 mem­ Woman's Relief Corps, Auxiliary to the dividualism, not through subjugation of bers of the Lithuanian intelligentsia to Grand Army of the Republic) the mind and will of man to the state Siberia and executed about 5,000 others. Prelude: U.S. Marine Band, Capt. Dale L. and its leaders. Twenty-one years later this crime Harpham, assistant leader, conducting. seems nonetheless horrifying to us. We Fanfare of bugles, national honor guard, Since its beginnings, this tiny state Veterans of Foreign Wars, Capt. George L. has had held high the lamp of liberty, look back with grief and compassion at Ford, commander. opening its doors to millions fleeing tyr­ the fate of these Lithuanians and the Presentation of colors: Woman's Relief anny's crushing rule. Those terrorized, other peoples of Eastern Europe and Corps, Daughters of Union Veterans of the oppressed, humiliated in foreign lands Russia who died in the wake of Soviet Civil War, Ladies of the Grand Army of the have found sanctuary in Israel-a haven domination. Memories of these atroci- Republic, Woman's Army Corps Veterans 10594 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE June 15 Association, Auxiliary to United Spanish War If we are to attain the great goals that To agree with, to imitate its collectivism, Veterans, American Gold Star Mothers, Inc., our forebears set for us we must develop to otherwise aid and abet this system· as a American War Mothers, Auxiliary to Veterans a deeper feeling for our country than now solution to problems is to ignore the facts of Foreign Wars, loth District of Virginia seems evident. of history. VFW, District of Columbia and Virginia This very difficult and discouraging time For it is in our own heritage that we find Jewish War Veterans Auxiliary, Gold Star demands that we call forth the very best the seeds that bring forth the inspirations, Wives of America, Sons and Daughters of of our talents and ability. the answers and desired results for ourselves Liberty, Catholic War Veterans Auxiliary, Our most beloved poet and biographer, and for the world. Ladies Auxillary Fleet Reserve Association, Carl Sandburg, sounded a note of warning Every era in our history gives us marvelous Daughters of '98, Navy Mothers Club of recently when speaking at Gettysburg. examples to call on for help and inspiration. America, Daughters of the American Revo­ He presented some appropriate questions A most effective and appropriate inspiration lution, National Society, Children of Amer­ and then gave some eloquent answers. Re­ finds its original audience in the House ican Revolution, National Capitol Chapter, plies that give cause to pause and reflect. of Burgesses in Williamsburg in the year American War Mothers, Girl Scouts, Troop He said, I quote: of 1775. While pressing for resolutions to Nos. 46, 144, Boy Scouts, Children from Cen­ "When we say a p atriot is one who loves put the Colonies in a state of defense, Pat­ tral Union Mission. his country, what kind of love do we mean? rick Henry said: "Give me liberty or give Invocation: Chaplain, Maj. Oden M. Pul­ A love we can analyze, or weigh, or measure? me death." len, USAF, 1020th USAF Special Activities Or is a patriot's love of country a thing in­ Here was the clarion call that character­ Wing, Fort Myer, Va. visible, a quality, .a human shade and breath, ized the new Nation at its birth. Then came Pledge of allegiance: Mrs. Mary E. Nichols, beyond all measurement of reckoning? the "Unanimous Declaration" and it was department patriotic instructor, Woman's These are questions old as the time of man signed. It made 1776 our Nation's natal Relief Corps. and the earliest tribes and nations. We do year. Introduction of master of ceremonies: know in part that when a society or civiliza­ Beginning "When in the course of human William J. Holliman, national judge advo­ tion perishes it would seem they forgot the events," it is an indictment of tyranny, an cate, Veterans of World War I of the U.S.A., hard beginnings, struggles having human indictment-bold, perpetual and true. Inc. cost. In support of it and by it, "Our lives, our American's Creed: Corp. Mary Ann John­ "We have heard that the dead hold in their fortunes and our sacred honor," are forever son, USMC, Company D. Headquarters, Bat­ clenched hands only that which they have pledged. "All men are created equal," "Un­ talion Headquarters Marine Corps, Washing­ given away. When men forget, if they ever alienable rights," and "The consent of the ton, D.C. knew, what is at the heart of that senti­ governed," are words to which those early Solo "America The Beautiful": U.S. Marine ment-and it is terribly sentimental-they patriots and later Lincoln in his time con­ Band. are in danger of power being taken over by secrated their lives. They were the essence Introduction of Mrs. Myrtle Aron, Presi­ fantastic fools -or beasts of prey or men hol­ of important points which they argued in dent, Woman's Relief Corps. low with echoes and vanities." debate and talked of, wrote about, and Patriotic selections. This ls his way of telling that in forget­ fought for. Address. Hon. FRED ScHWENGEL, Member ting, we lose. Those words burst and blazoned forth out of Congress from Iowa. And Edwin Burke tells us: "People will not of the darkest of days, dark as nights, as if Entrance, State colors and national colors, look forward to posterity who never look to become ?, Bethlehem of civil government First Battle Group, 3d Infantry, the "Old b ackward to their ancestors." for all mankind, for magi and for statesmen Guard". Post erity depends on us. The present de­ to gaze upon. "This is My America", Mr. Frank Topash, m ands so much from us. In this difficult, Those words were the inspiration of the past department commander, Veterans of discouraging time, let us revive and reflect statesman; even more, they were their career. Foreign Wars. on some admonitions of history. Admoni­ Lincoln said, on the eve of a crisis he was "The Flag Story," First Battle Group, 3d tions that helped the early patriots meet to meet: "I have never had a feeling, politi­ Infantry, the "Old Guard." their challenge; from this we can take cally, that did not spring from the Declara-­ National Anthem, audience. courage. tion of Independence." Benediction, Maj. Oden M. Pullen, USAF. As we see our national emblem unfurled To him that instrument was without a Retiring of Colors. again st the background of this historic and flaw. In his hand it became an instrument Committee in charge of arrangements: men,ningful dome set against the blue sky, to set the slaves free. Mary Nichols, department patriotic instruc­ we are t hrilled again wit h the American The drama moves on. It includes doing tor; Bernice Ferris, past department patri­ story. the impossible-defeating the most power­ otic instructor; Olive Minard, past depart­ It recalls for us wonderful men, events, ful nation in the world-at Trenton, Valley ment president; Louise Leone, department state papers and documents. All without Forge and Brandywine. secretary. peer and import in the history of any coun­ Soon our land is free and at peace. Appreciation: U.S. Marine Band, Mrs. try; a story that is ours. The story of a The curtain rises again. The Great Con­ Francis Nelson, Department of Defense, Na­ n ation, whose experience testifies eloquently vention is in session. The Founding Fathers tional Organization Branch, Armed Services to the faith, dedication and sacrifice that are gathered; as grand a body of statesmen of the United States, J . George Stewart, gave us liberty, equality and prosperity. as ever met. Architect of U.S. Capitol, Mr. William J. By recognizing and applying the eternal Washington presides. Madison is there Holliman, Chaplain Maj. Oden M. Pullen, leading many of the discussions. Weeks truths and the great principles which be­ passed. USAF, Hon. Fred Schwengel, Mrs. Frank came the foundation of our Nation, we in Topash, Mary Ann Johnson, USMC. All par­ this great land have achieved more for more Came the Constitution. We boast it to be ticipating organizations. people, in more ways, and in more places, a vast achievement in human government. than h .as been achieved by any other gov­ "Vle the people." FLAG DAY, 1961 ernment ever known. Gladstone, the eminent English jurist, (By Congressman FRED ScHWENGEL, of Iowa ) It should be noted and we should forever called it "A most wonderful work." Flag Day in America is and should be a remember, that this was made possible It fused the States into "a more perfect through the leadership of elected representa­ union," a Nation to enjoy "the blessings of very special day. It is a time when every liberty." American should think again on his heritage. tives. Men and women who understood It will quicken his heart and stir his mind that it was their business as representatives Their task was to devise a government toward a nobler and a more intelligent pa­ to represent and serve their country and its shorn of all kinds of despotism. In devis­ triotism. A patriotism that is so much ideals first; the interests of the people in ing their plan, with its checks on power and needed as we seek to restore, as we must, the the areas they represent second; and the its compromises on disputes, they attained original national purpose so evident among political party of their choice, third. the nearest to fulfillment and achievement the authors of our Nation. The terrible tragedy of our time, and it of the a.ims of self-government that man had A kind of patriotism that will cause all to could be fatal, is that the prosperity and ever done. dedicate ourselves to the unfinished task of easy life coming from liberty has, while mak­ And this day we ask: Where is there a building a better world by building a better ing us great and strong, caused many of us­ government that towers above ours, as the America. including those in high places- to accept the Pilgrim Fathers said, for "just and equal It is a time to reflect on and to learn false belief that somehow liberty and free­ laws?" , Madison and his coworkers built again from our own history-and especially dom can live safely successfully, and peace­ better than they knew. to learn anew about the many blessings that fully with the tyranny of communism, a It early became an ectasy of Lincoln that come with liberty and freedom. system that not only denies the spiritual the Thirteen Colonies had won for themselves A great American historian reminds us values but destroys them, a system that their war; won their independence; defied that "History is not merely a great teacher crucifies all new ideas that aren't consistent prior civil heresies of the olden world. of patriotism, but the one indispensable with their materialistic viewpoints, a system And then in triumphant convention as­ teacher; the more we know about the strug­ that would have you believe that only a sembled, they begat that child of liberty, "we gles which made the Nation, the great men few can rule and that the m asses are not the people.'' who led it, and the principles which sus­ to be trusted, a system that has a judicial A new ship of state was launched. It and tained its people in time of trial, the deeper system which is the a.rm of, r ather than a it s affairs, and its course under the flag and will be our feeling for our country. check on the powers of government . the Constitution, its hopes, its welfare and 1961 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 10595. its perils, became and are the sole concern We should poi:n.t often to the many virtues When the Red army marched into the of major statesmanship. , and advantages we take for granted which country and the Communist Russians In the course of time the helm goes to a the tyranny of communism not only d~nies succession of elected officials. Difficulties but destroys. set up a regime completely subservient arise, the Nation needs to sacrifice now to They insist on promoting and demanding to Moscow, they rounded up all known save itself. conformity to their ideals while we recog­ and suspected public servants and popu­ It finds a leader in Lincoln during the nize, if not promote, nonconformity but al­ lar leaders in the country, placed them storm and fury of that terrific war. Hark! ways under a law and a system that at least in boxed freight cars and shipped them When the sky was blackest and all was at seeks the goals of equality. off to distant Siberia. This was done stake, Lincoln declared: "We shall nobly Let us then on every occasion and espe­ under terrifying conditions, and on such save or meanly lose the last, best hope of cially on Flag Day speak and act with con­ earth." · viction and dignity to promote a mutual a mass scale that in the course of 1 year Note the words. Did truer, nobler diction betterment program for all, using more, and some 50,000 prominent Lithuanians were ever flow from a statesman's tongue or pen? more often, the great ideas found in the uprooted from their homes and found Listen again and see how they serve for to­ American legend expressed so often by the themselves in prison camps in Asiatic day. "We shall nobly save or meanly lose leaders in our ancestry. Russia. There these helpless souls were the last, best hope of earth." Can· words The following are just a few. You can during the war, and, if they are still alive, penetrate deeper into the souls of Americans think of many more. there they may be today. . That event, than these do? Said to us lQO years ago. "Eternal vigilance is the price of liberty." They almost page us. Almost page by the arrest, imprisonment, and exile of name every American alive in this year of "I swear eternal hostility against every these Lithuanians, marked the tragedy our Lord, 196C · form of tyranny over the mind of man." of Lithuania, and today its anniversary How loud the call since the morning of "Religion and morality are indispensable is being observed in all Lithuanian com­ Pearl Harbor, World War II, · Korea, Yalta, to political prosperity." munities throughout the free world. We Potsdam, Laos, Berlin, and the impending Any schoolchild can think of many others. join all Lithuanians in common sym­ proposed summits. pathy for this national tragedy. No one in Government and living in the So, let us not retreat from reason. Rather, District of Columbia can deny that today the let us encourage the mind of man to think. Ship of State is indeed on troubled waters. And be prepared to advance our cause by It seems to be heading into a terrible storm. friendly persuasion-to make other men It is being challenged on every front. wiser and better as we can find or make Baltic Tragedy We have to contend, everywhere it seems, opportunity. with international communism. There are Let us remember there are times when demands that we recognize it as an equal we protect in this country even a minority EXTENSION OF REMARKS or a competitor with freedom. Tragically of one, that it was our system that promoted OF there are some who believe that it has some the rise of the common man and all have advantages over freedom. more advantages under it. HON. PETER W. RODINO, JR. On this Flag Day, 1961, let us be proud But, thinking men know better. In the OF NEW JERSEY of our heritage but let us wear that pride name of humanity and all that is good and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES decent communism must not be allowed to in such a manner that it presents the true prevail. heart and soul of America; so that it shows Thursday, June 15, 1961 that with our pride we have humility. The Communists cannot win if we place Mr. RODINO. Mr. Speaker, the last our faith in the ancient truths spoken, lived Believing that actions speak louder than by and fought for by the patriots in our herit­ words, let us practice what is at the heart 3 days of this week are days of solemn age, i;;tatesmen who believed that no doc­ and soul of America and expressed so well memory in the history of the people of trine, faith, or knowledge is of value to man by our most American American-Abraham the three Balkan States. For it was 21 except as it bears fruit in - action. The Lincoln-in the last paragraph of his last years ago that the Soviet Army swept record shows that they gave us action and public document: "With malice toward across the borders of the three tiny neu­ sacrifice almost beyond words to tell. none; with charity for all; with firmness in the right, as God gives us to see the right, tral nations and forced them under the When the leaders of the Kremlin and their Communist yoke. ilk call for peaceful coexistence let us remind let us strive on to finish the work we are in; them and the world that would be free that to bind up the Nation's wounds; to care for On the 15th of June, Lithuania was this idea of coexistence is not new. We have him who shall have borne the battle, and for overrun. On the 16th, Latvia. On the stool for this from the beginning. his widow, and his orphan, to do all which 17th, Estonia. In 3 short days, 6 million Let's show them the evidence of two world may achieve and cherish a just and lasting people lost the independence they had wars fought to assure peaceful coexistence. peace, among ourselves, and with all enjoyed, to a degree, for centuries, In World War I we fought to make the world nations." though politically for but 22 years. safe for democracy. In World War II to es­ Grant that each of us think on and learn tablish the Four Freedoms to which they again from our heritage those things that Within a month puppet governments agreed and then finally we helped and sup­ can keep for ourselves and win for others had been established which still func­ ported more than any the idea of a United true freedom and greater opportunity for tion today in the Soviet Union. And Nations. all. from that time, terror and crime have When Khrushchev prophesies that our Thanks for this opportunity to speak be­ reigned. Countless thousands of citizens children will grow up under communism, fore you this evening and for the courteous in all three states were executed to pre­ let us present the unanswerable record of attention you have afforded me. vent the resurgence of patriotism, jus­ history and our system which is based upon the moral law to show him and the world tice, and freedom. One hundred and a record of freedom and liberty. forty thousand were deported to remote regions of Russia, without regard for So long as men love truth and freedom Soviet Deportation of Lithuanians they will never consent to the communism individuals, families, or communities. we know today. And, communism will not Some, fortunately, were able to flee to be successful unless they start imitating EXTENSION OF REMARKS Western Europe and forge for themselves those who believe and practice the great OF new lives in freedom, though generally ideals on which freedom was built. without their loved ones. When the enemies of freedom present their HON. JOHN D. DINGELL pious, half-truth accusations, hurl epithets Today, when the first objective of cit­ of derision and point to our self-admitted OF MICHIGAN izens of the free world is to keep other and self-announced shortcomings-let us IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES nations across the globe from falling admit and not shrink and cower before a Thursday, June 15, 1961 within the paralyzing influence of the system and enemy whose background and Reds, we must still not forget the peoples record is one of the blackest in all history. Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, the of these countries whose size and geo­ Rather, let us redouble our efforts to cor­ tragedy of the Lithuanian people in 1940 rect, improve and eliminate the causes of stemmed from the aggressive policy of graphical position made them the first our shortcomings. the Soviet Union. Without any justifi­ of the captive nations. Then let us get some self-satisfaction in cation, and without provocation the men The story of these gallant people who the knowledge that our system, under our have so long withstood the tyranny of flag and freedom, has done, does and can do of the Kremlin put an end to independ­ more for people than any other system. ent Lithuania. Since then, for 21 years, Soviet rule has pierced the Iron Curtain This will reassure ourselves of our own unhappy Lithuanians have not known and inspired the men and women of the gre?,tness. A greatness of which even they freedom either in their homeland or in free world and those who value freedom are Jealous. other parts of the Soviet Union. and liberty. 10596 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE June 15 Let us pray that we shall see in our Thus, we may be proud of our membership radiates pride and hope and a grandeur that day the liberation of Lithuania, Latvia, in the Benevolent and Protective Order of even the cynical find hard to resist. and Estonia-that their peoples may Elks. There is no ignoring its influence, for to We owe a debt of gratitude to Elks' lodges do so would be like disregarding the de­ again live under the skies of freedom everywhere, for awakening our patriotic im­ structive tendencies of a hurricane or the in a free world. pulses which, unfortunately, with respect to lifegiving effects of sunlight on a wheat­ the Stars and Stripes, give evidence of being field. dormant. Anyone who has gone out to battle under We are reminded that schoolchildren in the American flag can tell you, or try to Chambersburg, Pa., Lodge No. 600, Be­ the early part of this century were thrilled tell you, the confidence inspired by its gal­ by the words of Sir Walter Scott: nevolent and Protective Order of Elks lant appearance. "Breathes there a man with soul so dead, Yet somehow words are not enough. Obsenea Flag Day, June 14, 1961, Who never to himself hath said, When one's life hangs in the balance in this is my own, my native land." the midst of an enemy infantry attack or a With Impressive Program barrage fl.red from an enemy battleship it is It has been said that today's version of a common experience to momentarily think these stirring lines would read something of self and to forget all the patriotic oratory EXTIDiSION OF REMARKS like this: ever spoken. OF "Breathes there a man so old fashioned, But the mere sight of the American :flag at That he takes his patriotism unrationed?" such a moment can restore confidence and HON. JAMES E. VAN ZANDT determination, whereas an hour's worth of OF PENNSYLVANIA Criticism of the deplorable lack of proper oratory would prove fruitless. public appreciation and respect for Old Glory IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES It is as though the American flag were is not directed against teachers, students, some sort of history book, military march­ Thursday, June 15, 1961 parents, or any specific group. It is rather ing band, orator and colorful pageant, all Mr. VAN ZANDT. Mr. Speaker, con­ an indictment of a generation. rolled into one, so powerful is its effect ln tinuing its outstanding record among the While it is true we display the flag on time of crisis. some special occasions, and in parades and Nor in good times is this efl'ectiveness in Elks clubs of the Nation in urging the celebrations where Inilitary units are partici­ any way diminished for when peace and annual observance of Flag Day, Cham­ pants, since World War I there has been a prosperity bless the land the flag takes on a bersburg, Pa., Lodge No. 600, Benevolent distinct lack of public respect and reverence new meaning. and Protective Order of Elks sponsored for the Stars and Stripes. Instead. of crying out hope to the troubled on June 14 one of the finest programs it We need a revival of the spirit of good it seems to take on an air o! warning to the has been my privilege to attend during old-fashioned Americanism as a means of complacent alerting all Americans to present my congressional career. restoring the spine-tingling, blood-stirring and future dangers. thrill when our flag passes by in a parade, or With the world in constant turmoil it is Last year in a national Flag Day con­ when we glimpse it flying proudly against difficult to understand the necessity of alert­ test among Elks lodges which was won the clear blue sky on a sunny day, or majes­ ing the American people of the danger to our by Appleton, Wis., Chambersburg Lodge tically ascending heavenward at a public national security from the scourge of en­ was awarded second place. ceremony. croaching world communism. It was my privilege to participate in Frankly, we need to arouse ourselves from We have the sorry spectacle o! Khru­ the Flag Day program on June 14 spon­ the lethargy that engulfs us and leaves us shchev's defiant attitude regarding Berlin sored by Chambersburg Lodge No. 600 prone to ignore the beauty and splendor of and his refusal to cooperate with the United our flag. Nations in. the Congo crisis. and to deliver the principal address This year's celebration of Flag Day marks While we recently observed the cordial which follows: the first time on such an occasion that we meeting in Vienna of President Kennedy and ADDRESS DELIVERED BY JAMES E. VAN ZANDT, gaze at the 50-star emblem of our Nation Premier Khrushchev we cannot close our MEMBER OF CONGRESS, 20TH DISTRICT OF which became official on July 4, 1960, with eyes to the fact that the same Khrushchev PENNSYLVANIA, THE ELKS FLAG DAY PRO­ the final approval of statehood for the ter­ who openly insulted President Eisenhower GRAM AT J. FRANK FAUST JUNIOR HIGH ritory of Hawaii. and who attempted to wreck the United ScHOOL, CHAMBERSBURG, PA. It has always been a pleasure for me to Nations, has virtually taken over the Castro As a. member of Altoona Lodge No. 102, discuss the great traditions of our national regime in CUba, only 90 miles from Ameri­ Benevolent a.nd Protective Order of Elks, it flag. can shores. is a.n honor to join with my brother Elks of I suppose this is the reaction of every This is the same Khrushchev who, with Chambersburg Lodge No. 600 in celebrating patriot in every land. Red China, plotted the loss of Laos and the 184th anniversary of the birth of Old And yet, there is something unique about South Vietnam, and who has refused re­ Glory. such a discussion when conducted by Amer­ peatedly to reach an agreement on a nu­ For years the Benevolent and Protective icans, in view of their highly individualistic clear-test ban. Order of Elks has displayed national leader­ background and national characteristics. It In addition, both Red China and Moscow ship in urging that appropriate exercises be ts traditional for Americans to play down have sinister aims in many other places on held on Flag Day as a means of focusing spe­ certain of our traditions to a large extent. the globe, including South Korea, Iran, Viet­ cial attention on the blessings we enjoy as As a people devoted to the cause of peace nam,. and the Congo. citizens of their great Republic. from the beginning of our entrance into the Therefore, as we celebrate the 184th birth­ It is significant to state on this occasion family of nations we have tended to em­ day of our national emblem we must empha­ that the Chambersburg lodge of Elks has phasize a desire for international coopera­ size the imperative necessity of realizing the enjoyed national distinction in sponsoring tion in contrast to boasting of our own great menacing worldwide situations that threaten outstanding Flag Day celebrations. n ational achievements. the precious American heritage of liberty This is evidenced by the fact that in 1960 Yet it is not possible nor-for that mat­ and freedom symbolized by the flag of our lodge No. 600 was awarded second place in a ter-advisable to altogether neglect our Nation. record of national success and for that rea­ It has been truly said that we built this national contest of Elk lodges that was won peace-loving Nation with the brick and mor­ by Appleton, Wis. son we periodically call attention to it through patriotic celebration. tar of justice and morality and we are ad­ The officers and members of Chambers­ monished to strengthen by our sweat that burg Lodge are to be warmly commended for Our record as a people is indeed remark­ brick and mortar. their dedicated zeal and devqtion over the able. This means discarding our lukewarm atti­ years in promoting love and respect for the Not only have we risen in less than two tude born of apathy and indifference and flag of our Nation. centuries from national infancy to interna­ taking to heart the sage advice that "eternal It is fitting and proper for the Benevolent tional predominance, but we have done so vigilance is the price of liberty." and Protective Order of Elks to take leader­ with only the slightest occasional setback By adopting a more vigilant attitude and ship in patriotic exercises such as the an­ and with the most extraordinary exhibition expressing love and respect for our flag in a nual observance of Flag Day---since the Elks of drive and fortitude. sincere and not a merely mechanical !ash~ is a typical American society whose members As a result--the Stars and Stripes now ion we will be able to give a more satisfy­ believe in Almighty God and in loyalty to hold an exalted place among the national ing account of our stewardship as custodians the Stars and Stripes. banners of the world and our national might of American. ideals. You will find on the altar of every Elks is either admired or grudgingly respected During this annual Flag Day observance it Lodge the Holy Bible, the antlers o! elkdom, by every other nation on earth. is appropriate to recall that so impressive and the American flag. There ls something perplexing and un­ are the wonders of our flag that unorganized Collectively they signify devotion to God, explainably powerful about a. flag, either in elements in Americari society began, early brotherhood, tolerance, good wm, and pa­ battle or flying from a schoolhouse in the in our history, to call for its recognition triotism. midst of a peaceful country village. It in the form of an official day of reverence. 1961 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 10597 Yet, it was not until after the Civil War, But not through warfare alone has this since occurred, can dull the memory of when sectionalism was largely submerged by banner gained its fame. those early victims of Soviet tyranny. national feelings, that actual steps were Millions the world over have come to re­ t aken toward launching an organized cam­ spect it as an outstanding symbol of the in­ On this occasion we recall the harsh paign for the establishment of a national dustrial revolution, as the symbol of mass measures which Russia imposed on the fi'lag Day. production, and the consequent elimination unwilling Lithuanians, who treasured A distinguished patriot, Dr. Bernard J. of mass poverty. and cherished their hard-won freedom. Cigrand, conceived the plan and formed an Today we stand as the bulwark, both in We recall the murders, the deportations, organization in 1894 on the assumption that the military and economic sense, upon which and the ruthless suppression which respect for the flag was deserving of more the weaker nations of the world must rely marked the end of a free Lithuania. than offhand, occasional notice. for strength. We know that despite this brutality, His efforts were untiring and under his And as a symbol of this strength our flag direction the organized advocates of patri­ is held in many foreign lands with almost and despite two decades of Russification, otic demonstration worked diligently for the the same admiration as it receives on these the people of Lithuania have always re­ accomplishment of their goal. shores. tained their love of liberty. There will But changes in the popular mind are It is symbolic of a free republic, of victory, be no public celebration in Lithuania slow at taking place and for many decades of truth, of !airplay, and man's eternal today, but we know that Lithuanian the flag remained unrecognized in this of­ efforts to tame the elements and develop a hearts will be full of memories, sorrow, ficial sense though quietly revered by the practical and logical world out of the chaos and hope. masses of American citizens. of the past. At least that is part of what our flag symbolizes. The rest cannot be We join these oppressed people today In the meantime, however, numerous new in the solemn prayer that their hopes influences were brought to bear on public spoken of in words, but only felt by the opinion in such a way as to bolster and heart. and aspirations for freedom may soon reinforce the patriotic American tempera­ In conclusion, it is my hope that Flag Day be fulfilled. ment. 1961, will serve to further strengthen our As American youth went out under the faith and admiration in the greatest Re­ Stars and Stripes again and again to fight public in the history of civilized govern­ Deseret News Celebrates 111th for this great Republic and the suppression ments. of despotism, the American people to a Since the Declaration of Independence has Anniversary great degree, abandoned their apathy and been described as the heart of America, the began to adopt a new attitude toward their Constitution its backbone, and the flag the soul of America, we should all Join with the EXTENSION OF REMARKS flag. OF Assuredly, it was still the symbol of our Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks Nation's eternal hope for peace. which since 1907 has been promoting love of HON. M. BLAINE PETERSON In addition, it had earned a phenomenal country and greater respect for the emblem record in the military sense-and further of our Nation through these annual Flag OF UTAH failure to honor such a record was deemed Day programs in tribute to Old Glory for it IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES intolerable. represents under one glorious banner the en­ during ideals of this great Republic. Thursday, June 15, 1961 With this in mind Congress passed the Na­ Individually and collectively we can suc­ Mr. PETERSON. Mr. Speaker, today tional Flag Day Bill in 1949 in honor of the ceed in reviving proper recognition of the flag's adoption by the Continental Congress, stars and stripes which symbolizes the marks the 111th anniversary of the ad­ June 14, 1777. countless blessings we enjoy from our price­ vent of journalism into Utah with the From that date as a Nation we have sought less heritage as free people. first edition of the Deseret News, a to celebrate Flag Day each year with typical On this flag day 1961, as we give a loving weekly then, but now one of our coun­ American enthusiasm and with the stimu­ salute to our new 50-star-studded emblem, try's foremost daily chronicles and the lating support and influence fostered annu­ let us resolve that as a united Nation we official organ of the Church of Jesus ally on June 14 by Elks lodges throughout will meet all challenges to America with full the Nation. Christ of Latter-Day Saints. faith and confidence. The original equipment, an old Few congressional actions have received We can give real meaning to this flag day such a universally positive response from resolution by recognizing and discharging Ramage press, a supply of paper and a the American people and I am willing to our responsibilities as American citizens few forits of type were loaded into a hazard a guess as to why. It all comes back with courage-perseverance and true patri­ wagon by the Mormons expelled from to our Nation's trials and tribulations and otic fervor-thus making Old Glory more Nauvoo, Ill , in 1846, and teamdrawn their solution through the magnificent zeal meaningful to posterity and giving added more than 1,000 miles into the Great of the American people. assurance that: Salt Lake Valley, or Deseret. Our triumphs in both war and peace have been the marvel of the past two centuries "The Star Spangled Banner in triumph shall The first editor, William Richards, his and have drawn the applause of free peoples wave, typesetter, Horace K. Whitney, and everywhere. O'er the land of the free and the home pressman, Brigham H. Young, nephew With an army composed almost exclusively of the brave." of the eminent President Brigham of volunteers we confounded some of Eng­ Young, were beset with trials and tribu­ land's greatest military minds in our War of lations in the wilderness of the Rockies Independence and repeated the same trick with a population of some 4,000. Sup­ in the War of 1812 even defeating the pride Lithuania's Tragic Days plies were scarce and expensive to bring of the British Army-the Duke of Welling­ ton's own troops in the historic battle of from the East but the editor, true to his New Orleans. EXTENSION OF REMARKS Mormon teachings, used the informality Against the Mexicans in 1846 we sent our OF of his eight pages, three columns, to ap­ youth into combat to emerge triumphantly peal to readers for wagon covers, cotton once again thereby extending the national HON. DOMINICK V. DANIELS or linen rags for newsprint; molasses to domain in an unbroken chain from the At­ OF NEW JERSEY make rollers for the machine and lantic to the Pacific. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sponges to keep them clean. Oftentimes And demonstrating the resilience so typi­ Thursday, June 15, 1961 he also pleaded for sustenance to keep cal of the American character-we emerged the human part of the newspaper alive. from our own Civil War to overwhelm the Mr. DANIELS. Mr. Speaker, June 15 last vestige of Spanish tyranny in the New A review of the first edition clearly World in the 1890's and assumed the role and 16 mark the "tragic days" for Lith­ indicates that the paper was not to be of international leadership which we have uanians as well as for lovers of freedom confined to religious subjects: never since relinquished. throughout the world. We propose to publish a small weekly sheet, Since then it has been necessary three It is on these days that we commem­ as large as our local circumstances will per­ times for American boys to serve the inter­ orate that fateful series of events in mit, to be called Deseret News designed ests of humanity on foreign shores against 1940 when the Soviet Union assaulted originally to record the passing events of the combined might of an the despotic pow­ the land of Lithuania. our State, and in connection, refer to the ers that have arisen to plague 20th century arts and sciences, embracing general educa­ civilization. Freemen will never forget that Soviet tion, medicine, law, divinity, domestic and And in every case the American flag has plunder which subjugated the Baltic political economy, and ·everything that may earned added respect in lands where previ­ States to the Communist yoke. Neither fall under our observation, which may tend ously it was known only in the vaguest the 20 years which have since passed, nor to promote the best interest, welfare, pleas­ sense. the many similar conquests which have ure, and amusement of our fellow citizens. 10598 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE June 15 The original editor, also the local post­ untrained people forced to rely upon Today, many thousands of Lithuani­ master, hand printed his newspaper in initiative and homespun facilities. ans, Latvians, and Estonians are a small adobe building that, we are told, : Nine years before the first edition of prevented from returning to their home­ ''was as easy to get on top of as into," the Deseret News, the power of the press lands and are forced to undergo physi­ but strict orders were issued frequently was acknowledged in Parliament by cal and mental anguish in the slave through editorial privilege for one and all Edmund Burke who pointed out that labor camps of Siberia. Somehow we to obey the "no admittance" signs for there were three estates in Parlia­ hope that our words of encouragement fear the files would be disturbed and ment--churchmen, noblemen, common­ will reach them and sustain them in valuable communications lost to readers.. ers-but, he said, in the reporters gallery their ordeal. On this sad anniversary of the News. yonder, there sat a fourth estate, more we hope and pray that their ordeal will Equally severe were the editor's­ important by far than they all. This ~oon come to a happy end and the Baltic scorching recriminations to anyone bor­ historic remark automatically gave mem­ nations will once again join the family rowing a newspaper which, to him, was bership in the fourth estate to members of free nations. the same as asking a man to loan his of the press for all time. horse. From such a picturesque beginning, In the East the newspaper had already therefore, we look with pride to a modern become an integral part of civilization. Deseret News-a powerful "pen of the Remarks of Hon. George P. Miller at First Thomas Jefferson recognized the im­ people"-a news media sought eagerly National Inner Space Conference portance of the newspaper about the time each day by those who thirst for honest of the first issue of the Deseret News reporting and expression of sincere be­ when he wrote: lief and philosophy. From the original EXTENSION OF REMARKS OF The basis of our Government being the staff of three we have a multitude of pro­ opinion of the people, the very first object fessional men and women whose sincer­ HON. JOHN D. DINGELL should be to keep that right; and were it left ity of effort and dedication to the orig­ to me to decide whether we should have a inal motto, "Truth and liberty," contrib­ OF MICHIGAN government without newspapers, or news­ ute to and substantiate the well-earned IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES papers without a government, I should not reputation the Deseret News enjoys Thursday, June 15, 1961 hesitate a moment to prefer the latter. throughout the Nation. My fervent hope is that this newspaper will continue to Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, pur­ But in the West the newspaper was still suant to permission granted, I insert a novelty and some of the oldtimers were mark anniversaries and retain its legend in the West through a free and demo­ into the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD a speech· not immediately receptive to the idea delivered on May 25 by our distinguished based on the theory that the newspaper cratic press devoted to their self-ap­ pointed inspiration: "We stand for the and beloved colleague from California, first elicited the information from you, the Honorable GEORGE P. MILLER, the­ printed it and then tried to sell it back to Constitution of the United States as to being divinely inspired." First National Inner Space Conference you as news. of the National Security Industrial As­ These and other problems were ever sociation, which was held in Washing­ present in the very early days of news­ ton, D.C., on May 24 and 25, 1961. paper publishing in "winter quarters"-. Anniversary of Baltic Deportations GEORGE MILLER has a valuable record even before the existence of cities such of public service in the Congress and as Denver, Omaha, or Kansas City. EXTENSION OF REMARKS State government and has created a dis­ News of activities other than local were tinguished record as chairman of the as scarce as money and oftentimes the OF Permanent Subcommittee on Oceanog­ only source available to the editor HON. VICTOR L. ANFUSO raphy of the House Committee on Mer­ was from the newspapers infrequently chant Marine and Fisheries and as brought by chance visitors from the East. OF NEW YOII.K IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ranking majority member of the House On one occasion there was such a dearth Committee on Science and Astronautics. of foreign news that the editor was Thursday, June 15, 1961 forced to print: The speech follows: Mr. ANFUSO. Mr. Speaker, this REMARKS OF CONGRESSMAN GEORGE P. MILLER, From all the immigrants we were not able week marks the 20th anniversary of the OF. CALIFORNIA, AT THE FIRST NATIONAL IN­ to obtain one whole paper. They were all NER SPACE CONFERENCE, MAT 25, 1961 wet, damaged, or destroyed on the way. first mass deportations of the Baltic peoples by the overlords in the Krem­ It is with some trepidation that I stand Ready cash often prohibited expansion lin. This very tragic event in human before a group of distinguished industrialists of subscriptions originally set at $5 a affairs began on June 13 to 15, 1941, in to address them on a subject with which year payable in advance, but the enter­ the three little Baltic countries, Lithu­ they should l?e quite familiar. I am a lay-_ prising editor offered to barter subscrip­ man and I do not want to impart in any ania, Latvia, and Estonia, and was sub­ way that what I say can be taken in a tions in exchange for such items as: sequently extended to the other captive technical sense. "otter, mink, marten, wolf, fox, sheep nations occupied by the Communists. · I salute you and I honor you and respect and other light skins which may be use­ The peoples of these captive nations you for the great contribution you have ful in manufacturing gloves, wash today constitute a great symbol of man­ made in the field of science. Thinking peo­ leather, linings, etc., or whose furs may kind's struggle against its most ruth­ ple in the world are now coming to know be appropriated to clothing and various less enemy, international communism, that if we are going to survive on this planet domestic purposes." we must study it and we must know it. We which is aiming to subjugate and en­ must go into space above, into the depths' History reveals that even though slave all of humanity. We, in turn, must of the ocean and probe beneath the earth·s sporadically published at times, the pa­ provide every possible aid and moral en­ crust to decipher her locked-in secrets. per was intelligently written and in short couragement to the Baltic nations to As chairman of the Permanent Subcom­ order businessmen discovered the value continue their gallant struggle in the mittee on Oceanography of the House Com­ of newspaper advertising. The second­ face of the most difficult odds, in order mittee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries, that they may some day regain their as well as ranking majority member of the year the paper expanded into four times House Committee on Science and Astro­ the size of the original print, a new national independence, freedom, and nautics, I feel that my remarks and per­ press was added and the first Deseret human dignity. sonal conclusions with respect to earth News extra was issued and sold for 50 We must give heart to these peoples sciences should be of interest to you. by showing them that they have not The question is often asked, What are the cents a copy. been forgotten during this very black boundaries of our thinking with respect to Close attention to the earliest editions period in human affairs when they are the study of the earth? I feel that if one of the newspaper provides most interest­ enduring such inhuman mental and is to consider the question it 1& inevitable ing reading. Adolescent pains are clear­ physical suffering. We must also pro­ that the conclusion · is reached that the ly discernible even at times to the var­ earth, the atmosphere, and outer space are vide to them the hope of future survival, ~s inseparable as the fore and aft quarter ied hues of the paper before the art as nations and as individuals, so that of a domestic animal. of bleach was mastered, but much is to they can rehabilitate their national life We must concern ourselves with the entire be said on the side of progress among and culture. ensemble as well as its various component 1961 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 10599 parts. This truism creates proolems of na~ trig. Perhaps it' ls because we are so close of the Congress which would establish a Na­ t ional importance especially in the field of to the earth that it loses somewhat the feel­ tional Instrumentation Test and Calibration properly and adequately funding -the _prose-­ ing of the spectacular that space gives us. If Center. cution of our search for knowledge. FurtherJ y.e were practical in our thinking and real­ Another area of concern to the Congress the determination of the natural laws gov­ ized that Mother Earth is responsible for ls the la.ck of a comprehensive program for erning the interrela~ion of · th~ bits- an~ all that we experience in our lives, in fact ocean surveys. We should be able to utilize, pieces of our ensemble requires long-range our very life alone, we should become more with proper instrumentation of a portable thinking, planning and the scientific intui­ enamoured with seeking relationships be­ nature, any ship which traverses a part of tion of masterminds. We must take the lead tween effect and cause. the ocean which is unknown territory as far in all phases of the problem for our very With respect to vehicles, on the conti­ as the bathymetry is concerned. The excel­ survival. · nents we have only a two dimensional ca­ lent capability of the geophysical industry is Let us for a moment contrast the study o~ pability if one excludes the drilling of holes not being utilized in the survey of the the atmosphere and outer space with that of at a point on the surface. The cost of the oceans. We must utilize every available the earth and its interior. In both instances vehicle is less than the cost of the instru­ means to accomplish this ocean survey in an I prefer to regard these as studies of environ~ i:nentation. On the sea we have the pos­ expeditious fashion. ments which have ·mutual interdependence. sibility of three dimensional vehicles with I feel that we have not approached ocea­ To formulate the laws governing the known the modern submarine and I am happy to nography from the point of view of an engi­ and yet to be found phenomena which char-' see that the U.S. Navy has an oceanographic neer. This we must do and immediately. acterlze both, it ls necessary to employ all submarine, the U.S.S. Archerfish. This, of There is nothing wrong in having a profit possible scientific disciplines separately and course, is only a start. motivation. The problems· are so large that in combination. In addition the ability to The other difficulty we face, as you gen­ we need industry's help as well as the non­ measure and thus be able to describe the tlemen well know, is that even on the crust profit institutions. present state and forecast the future state of we have such extremely complicated rela­ both environmental divisions has the com­ tionships between stress and strain, the al­ mon requirement of a vehicle to. carry the bedo of the earth, the production of heat equipage to the particular spatial location within the earth, and the geomagnetic and desired. Herein the similarity stops. I shall gravity effects that simple causal relation­ The Freedom Season attempt to point out some of the differences. ships are at best understood by an extremely THE ATMOSPHERE AND OUTER SPACE approximate model. EXTENSION OF REMARKS The vehicle must manifestly leave the sur­ Adding to this the necessity of indirect OF face of the earth and needless to say the measurements of effects through seismic, expense of each vehicle is fantastic. Recent­ gravity, magnetic, and radiatio~ means, the HON. JAMES C. CORMAN ly I requested my staff to ascertain the problem presented by this phase of geo­ OF CALIFORNIA physics is much more difficult than that of a.mount of money appropriated by the Con-· IN THE HOUSE OF REPRE$ENTA~IVES gress for the study of lunar geophysics. The the geophysics of the atmosphere. amounts in mlllions of dollars are as follows: That which is of much concern to me is Thursday, June 15, 1961 that we do not as yet have in being an Fiscal year: . integrated program of investigation of the Mr. CORMAN. Mr. Speaker, it has 1959------~ ·----~ ------~ - - -- 21.Q geophysics of the earth. We have, of course; been said that patriotism. is the last 19611960 ______------60.037.8 the seismic networks,· the gravity and mag­ refuge of scoundrels. Today I address netic surveys currently being developed. this distinguished body to give the lie to It should be pointed out that the 1962 Tied in with this are the surveys and inves­ that cynical observation. I call atten­ appropriation has not yet been enacted. How­ tigations by the U.S. Navy, the Coast and tion, in doing so, to a group of citizens in ever, some one remarked that the funding Geodetic Survey and certain nonprofit in­ stitutions with respect to the oceans. All my district who call themselves the free­ seems to be increasing logarithmically. Mani­ dom season committee. festly the motivation for this enormous ex­ of these have been spotty in-nature. True, penditure is twofold in nature. One, to at­ the geophysical industry has produced This group, headed by Mr. Richard tain a national posture of world leadership in marked material benefits to mankind, but Tisch, of Woodland Hills, Calif., has or­ scientific exploration; secondly, to ensure our I feel as of now the surface has only been· ganized and is conducting an event in capability in the area of national defense. scratched. that community which, if emulated Programs of this nature by their very magni­ I very definitely feel that we must have across our great land, could bring forth tude require Federal financing. an integrated national program of geophysi­ a new birth of freedom-loving fervor The establishment of nationwide tracking cal research to the end that we can under­ and pride in the institutions that make stations, computing centers, and test facili­ stand the crustal phenomena. around us as ties is a governmental function. Private in­ well as examine from all the data possible us great. The event is called, simply, dustry, universities, and other scientific the structure of the interior of the earth.· the freedom season. It will extend from institutions must be integrated into the pro­ · Further, we have by our close association last June 10, Flag Day, through July 4, gram to achieve the maximum results in the with the earth extreme difficulty in sustain­ Independence Day. · least time. ing and, in fact, creating interest in this pa.rt The colors of this season are not the No group possessing the scientific capabll­ of earth sciences. A friend of mine once said: "It is easy to popularize a rocket flight gold and scarlet of autumn, nor the bril­ lty should regard itself as too small to make· liant greens of spring. The colors of a contribution. ~o the moon, but how can one sell an earth­ Again, another important consideration quake?" freedom season are those colors which that enhances such programs is the public'_ , As a result of our hearings in the last ses­ symbolize America's strengths: red, interest. These programs have no historical" sion of the Congress, a National Data Center white, and blue. Freedom season is not length. They are new, unusual, and often for Oceanographic Data. has been established marked by the lethargy of springtime, fantastic in the minds of the American citi­ by a joint venture between the National but by the expressions of personal and zens. The competition from the Russians Science Foundation, the Department of the community patriotism in the finest spirit is always apparent to even the youngest Navy, the Department of Commerce, the De­ partment of the Interior, and the Atomic of our Nation. Flags will be flown, member of our society. He has seen sputnik. parades, picnics, rallies, and contests will My grandson can buy a toy rocket at the Energy Commission. corner store propelled by a jet of water under This is a great stride forward in that field be held. The community of Woodland pressure which wm attain an altitude of sev­ of geophysics concerning the study of the Hills will burst forth with a tide of love eral hundred feet. He then relives, in actu­ marine environment. It is also contem­ and reverence for our greatness that ality, the dreams of Jules Verne. plated to include certain biological data in could sweep America. To summarize then, the geophysical pro-· the files of the data center. Recognition will be paid to the institu­ grams in the atmosphere and outer space. However, this is only part of the solution tions ·that keep our freedoms alive: the h ave the following attributes: It is possible to the problem of synoptic forecasting of the Constitution and our laws, our Congress to put a vehicle at any point in space, track variables of the marine environment. To it, and receive information from its sensors have the data processed realistically we must and our guardian of law, the Supreme by telemetry for analysis; the cost ls enor-. have standardization of our instrumenta­ Court; the Presidency, and, of course, mous; the popular appeal ls universal; and tlon. With respect to this phase of the prob­ our flag. as yet material benefits are unforeseeable. lem, we are still in the horse and buggy age. If the rest of our country caught this We have the bathythermograph, the Nansen fervor and propelled it into an expres­ THE EARTH AND ITS INTERIOR bottle · and the reversing thermometer. We . Somehow, to me, being an earthling-al-­ have had these with us for years, _but I am . sion of' national joy for our hard-won though I have flown several times in jet; afraid we have neglected and not used 01J,r · liberty, it would serve as a clear dettlon­ fighters-:--the mystery ~ of our daily . contac:t industrial capability as effectivefy as we straticm· to the rest· of the world- that, with the crustal· environment 'that we ·are' should. . . . . rather than the last refuge of scoundrels, born on, grow to maturity; and eventually · To effect this desired standat:dization, I the American brand of patriotism is a meet our Maker, has always been fasclnat- · have filed legislation in the current session · moving force for truth, justice, and good. CVII-671 10600 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE June 15 I would like to conclude this statement tions of this station since then, both in are merely paying lip service to the cause with the simple but expressive words the men it has trained, and the aviation ad­ of freedom without really having the will vances it has pioneered, forms a pr~ud ~hap­ or desire to make any effort to further or which proclaimed freedom season in ter in the history of the U.S. Navy. defend the cause of freedom. Woodland Hills. They are: Every American knows of the exploits of It ls my belief that the -reassessment ls A PROCLAMATION men like Adm. William (Bull) Halsey, who now in process. President Kennedy's trip to Be it hereby proclaimed that on June 10, qualified here as a naval aviator at the age Europe and Vice President JOHNSON'S visit 1961, Woodland Hllls wlll begin to celebrate of 52, and others who have gone on and are to the Far East indicate to me that re­ freedom season, during which the citizens a part of America's and Pensacola's mlll­ evaluations are going on. However, while demonstrate their awareness of the blessings tary heritage-Adms. Marc Mitscher, Ernie we need allies, and want them and must of American citizenship and our true pride King, and John Henry Towers who started therefore cultivate them, nevertheless we in those things we value most highly: at this station in 1914 as a lieutenant. must re~ognize that destiny has thrust the Freedom of political opinion and elective And there are other pioneers still with United States of America into the forefront choice of the form of representative govern­ us. Men like Adm. Robert Goldwaithe, the of the present fight for freedom and we ment we personally prefer; Chief of Naval Air Training, Admiral Rad­ must lead, for if we don't lead, the free ford, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, world is without a leader. Guarantee of continued flexibility of gov­ Pensacola's mayor, Adm. Charles PerrJ The next step after the reevaluation of the ernment, subject only to the will of the Mason, who, I understand was the 52d naval position of our allies, and ourselves, ls the citizenry, expressed through constitutional aviator commissioned, Admiral Combs, na­ development of "unyielding determination" methods; tive of Florida, Admiral Ingalls, Adms. Rob­ to meet the necessary commitments in the Religious freedom to select the spiritual ert Pirie, John W. Reeves, and Austin Doyle. face of any threat and at no matter what faith and mode of worship as prescribed Today's date is especially appropriate for the cost. Liberty in this world will die if solely by the dictates of the conscience of this occasion for it was June 6, 1942, that America tries to meet the challenge with the individual; marked the end of the Battle of Midway half measures and a faint heart. Freedom of activity, restricted only where in which combined actions of the fleet, with At this moment, the two great powers face it might violate the personal or property naval and shore-based planes, broke the back a strategic nuclear standoff. Our own rights of others; of the Japanese offensive in the Pacific and nuclear strength remains massive and im­ Cultural integrity, where the individual turned the tide of the war. And it was the pressive, as it must. Certainly we must con­ may devote himself to the perpetuation of Navy that achieved the astounding record stantly improve the strength of our retalia­ truth, moral ethics, and governmental of shooting down 15,000 enemy planes, 477 tory forces as well as our defenses to deter integrity; enemy merchant ships, 13 Jap submarines, or defeat nuclear attack. Freedom season officially terminates each 63 Nazi submarines. That's why we're proud To be outstripped in our ablllty to deliver year on Independence Day, may the en­ of the Navy. the bomb-whether the method of delivery thusiasm over our love of America that is We here in Florida have special reason to be by Polaris submarine, Strategic Air Com­ intensified during this period remain with honor the mllltary for the contributions it mand or the intercontinental ballistic mis­ us and guide us throughout the year. has made to this area since Florida was a sile-could be fatal. territory and for the contributions which it The Communists well know that we wlll is making now. not attack with nuclear bombs except in But it is regrettably true that no nation retaliation. This policy, plus the fact of Address by Senator George A. Smathers, fully appreciates the value of its mllltary their advances in the nuclear field means establishment until it enters an era of that we can no longer rely upon strategic of Florida danger. nuclear forces to deter or defeat limited As Rudyard Kipling once observed about aggression. EXTENSION OF REMARKS the prototype British soldier Tommy Atkins: This nuclear stalemate leaves the field "It's Tommy this, and Tommy that, and open to the Communists for the pushing, OF Tommy fall behind, but it's 'Pleace to walk probing and subversion of half war less than in front, sir, when there's trouble in the nuclear war that has marked their many HON. ROBERT L. F. SIKES wind.'" conquests in recent years. OF FLORIDA And once again today, the mllltary will be Today they exploit every opportunity to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES hearing "Please to walk in front, sir,'' for expand their sphere of influence, if it does not pose an undue risk to their own power Thursday, June 15, 1961 there is trouble in the winds from all points of the compass. base. Mr. SIKES. Mr. Speaker, during Because we Americans just naturally wish They talk of peace, negotiation, and solu­ everyone well, we have been too trusting in tions at conference tables--while all the early June in Pensacola, Fla., the golden time increasing their long-range nuclear anniversary of the birth of nayal avia­ our international relations. We are inclined to accept, at face value, the declarations of missile capability and expanding and mod­ tion was celebrated. This memorable leaders in other countries who have proven ernizing their conventional land, sea, and occasion was held in conjunction with themselves chronically untrustworthy. We air forces. the Fiesta of Five Flags, a colorful event have been reluctant to accept as absolute They never fall to project their influence celebrated annually in Pensacola. With evil, the absolute evil that we see. and power wherever unstable conditions are the thought thfl.t this was a most appro­ Several months ago in Orlando, a friend :(ound-and instability ls one of the domi­ priate time for tribute to be paid to our of mine's tiny 2-year-old daughter wandered nant characteristics of our world today. into the carport beside the house and there­ The quest for independence, for status, military, Gov. Farris Bryant chose the and for rapid economic development among evening of June 6 for his annual military coiled under the car-was a rattlesnake. She reached down in her childhood innocence to the less well-developed nations of the world appreciation dinner. On this occasion has created numerous power vacuums which Senator GEORGE SMATHERS made a most pet the "kitty cat" and the snake struck. the Communists attempt quickly to fill. The child made a miraculous recovery, but We saw what they did in Cuba. We see impressive and timely speech which it young as she ls, she must now know that in gives me much pleasure to call to the what they are doing in Laos, and unless we this, our world, there are destructive things. stabilize the situation in the Dominican Re­ attention of my colleagues in the We, as a Nation, have been bitten and de­ public quickly, to our satisfaction, they will Congress: ceived many times and the painful lesson is move into that vacuum. ADDRESS BY SENATOR GEORGE A. SMATHERS, OF ours to learn. We cannot indulge ourselves Theirs ls a global strategy aimed at keep­ FLORIDA in the trusting innocence of utopian dreams ing the free world off balance. They play Governor Bryant, Congressman Sikes, and and survive. For a deadly enemy is coiled one trouble spot against another. They are distinguished leaders of the military forces, and aimed at our destruction. making the moves that keep us busy try­ I cannot help but Join the others who ad­ Without abandoning our ideals or our ing to plug the holes and fill the gaps. mire the planning for this dinner. It ethics we must understand that good guys It grows ever more clear that to counter would be impossible to find a more appro­ do not necessarily always finish first. It these threats and keep our own commit­ priate time or a more appropriate place for grows daily more apparent that the good guy ments, we must increase our capacity for the State of Florida to honor the military will not finish at all, unless he ls strong, limited war, on land, sea, and air. In the during the golden anniversary celebration determined and willing to fight if neeci be. years when we were the sole possessors of of the birth of naval aviation. As the President said in his defense mes­ nuclear weapons we had no need for a large For it was here in Pensacola, 140 years sage to Congress, we must chart a fresh, cap~b111ty for limited war. But times have ago, that Gen. Andrew Jackson officially clear course for our security in times of ris­ changed. The development of a new offense took possession of the Territory of Florida ing dangers. These are the words of a nation requires development of a new defense. Our for the United States of American and be­ which has learned hard lessons in the bitter military strength must be on balance with came its :first military Governor. school of experience. our global commitments. And it was here in Pensacola that the It seems to me, the first reading we m.ust The President, in his defense message, has first permanent U.S. Naval Air Station was take in charting this new course must be already called for pow;erful a_nd mobile forces established, just 3 years after the Navy a reassessment of our commitments around to prevent the steady .erosion of the free entered the field of flight. The contribu- the globe. We need to know which nations world through limited wars. He emphasized 1961 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 10601 the need for increasing our nonnuclear fire­ gage o! time which will eventually be called with a spirit of patriotism and dedica­ power and military mobility so that we with interest. tion. would have choices-both in weapons and in Columnist William S. White said that some strategy-choices which would reduce the of these people are "incapable of accepting It was probably in the newspaper field, danger of escalation of a small war into a the final responsibilities of power and are however, which he entered when he was large one. blind to the unalterable fact that honorable a high school youth, that his exceptional I welcome these improvements in our mili­ force is sometimes not only ethically per­ abilities and talents found richest ex­ ta,ry posture. I would, as we head toward missible but actually obligatory." pression. His long devoted service to the more direct "confrontations with the Com­ It seems to me the average American has Clinton Daily Item as editor and editor munists" welcome more for we have already accepted the conclusion that we must very emeritus which brought him into such seen that power-even be it in the field of soon stand firm somewhere and stop the limited war-is an effective deterrent to the close association with members of the Communists. distinguished Coulter family not only use of power by the other side. The average American that I see is an The basic purpose behind the deployment angry, frustrated, worried man who sees his typified the noblest principles and finest of our naval fleet today, is the prevention of Nation flaunted and degraded with the free concepts of the great newspaper busi­ limited war. Balanced naval forces are kept world slipping away. He sees the slow ness, but to this proud Clintonian was deployed at sea in waters adjacent to areas strangulation across the world of the ideals truly a labor of love and unselfish dedi­ of potential conflict. The presence of these that he loves and honors. cation. Over a long period of time many forces exerts a powerful stabilizing influence in these critical areas. Deep in his heart and soul still burn the of the pages of the Item are eloquent Often Just a show of force is sufficient to fires of Valley Forge. He wants peace with testimony to the public spirit, versatile cool off a hot spot. For in the fleet, with all of his being, but he feels that subjection talents, sound commonsense, and tire­ its amphibious units, lies the ability for and personal slavery is too great a price to less energy of this lovable American prompt ground, sea and air action. In this pay. gentleman and scholar. The Communist world would do well to uncertain world, mobility ls the key to the His literary and writing pursuits were fleet's effectiveness. If intelligence so dic­ listen to the voice of this average American, tates, these naval forces can be quickly and for he has proven himself throughout our virtually ceaselessly carried out, and he unobtrusively moved nearer to areas of ten­ history and throughout the world. seemed as a human dynamo moving sion to wait, poised and ready for whatever He has freely accepted the blessings of lib­ from one task to another with lightning has to be done. erty, and he is now ready to assume its obli­ speed, mental agility and rare versatility. None of us taste pleasure in contemplating gations. He loved his work and his f enow work.:­ the !acts that make it necessary to increase ers and cherished his association with our military power. But the grim truth is the Item. that the Communists are nibbling away the Orra L. Stone world before our very eyes. He was an author of note and distinc­ At the outset of World War II they con­ tion and his History of Massachusetts trolled 1 nation with 170 million people, EXTENSION OF REMARKS Industries in four large volumes is a 7 percent of the world's population. Today OF comprehensive, monumental work which they are in control o! 14 nations with a com­ required years of preparation and un­ bined population of more than 1 billion, HON. PHILIP J. PHILBIN flagging concentration. 44 percent of the world's people. OF MASSACHUSETI'S In addition, he was an admirer, stu­ We know that they have not been stopped IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES by the most solemn treaties entered into on dent and biographer of the great Abra­ the most ceremonial of occasions. Speeches Thursday, June 15, 1961 ham Lincoln and it is a coincidence that with high-flown principles and high-sound­ his passing occurred so close to the ing promises are ignored. They even laugh Mr. PHILBIN. Mr. Speaker, I desire birthday of one of our greatest Presi­ at our threats. But there is one factor they some time today to pay tribute to the dents, of whose life and career he had understand and respect, and that is power. late very distinguished editor of the written so extensively with dogged re­ And that is why all of our plans, our nego­ celebrated and noted Clinton Daily Item, tiations, our efforts must be grounded on Hon. Orra L. Stone, outstanding editor, search that prompted him to visit and that solid foundation of power. lawyer and public figure, and a dear, collect material in virtually all the places This nebulous thing called world opinion beloved friend of mine. where the immortal Lincoln had ever is often used as the reason we should never lived. take strong action. ·There are some people The passing of Mr. Stone in February While it was not known to many peo­ in the world who will not like us if we do. of this year was keenly felt by the com­ ple, Orra L. Stone was also an accom­ But most of those people won't like us no munity and State he served so capably matter what we do. and faithfully for many years and leaves plished fernologist, considered to be an But we should not permit this considera­ an irreparable void in the ranks of our authority in the field by many profes­ tion to stop us from ·taking whatever steps people and leadership. sional growers of ferns. In the garden are necessary to insure our own self-defense. of his home on Pearl Street in Clinton, Remember that many of the same nations Orra Stone was a dear friend of mine he grew and cared for many species of that violently disapprove of any actions by since my early boyhood and a warm ferns indigenous to New England and the United States are able to shrug off fla­ friend of my father and my family many other parts of the country. grant aggressions by the Soviet bloc. The throughout the years. He was one of United States is really not in a popularity the most accomplished men I have ever He took a lively, informed interest in contest. And if we were, even that would known. Son of a prominent Civil War public affairs and was endowed with not be won by being weak, indecisive, faint­ veteran, he was descended from a long those fundamental civic virtues of loyalty hearted. line of forebears who had rendered ex­ and service which exemplify the very Here at home there are still some who be­ best traditions of the Nation. Great as lieve that it is possible to debate with the ceptional service in private and public callings to their community, State, and an his accomplishments and achieve­ Communist world. And this is true, for they ments were, for which Orra L. Stone will gladly debate a question in Geneva, while Nation. at the same time they are solving it by force Highly trained for and impressively will long be gratefully and proudly re­ in Laos. adapted for the work which he performed membered, his loftiest contributions President Kennedy is a tough-minded man in many rich fields of endeavor, he was were in the realm of the human spirit, with a keen sense of history and plenty of a brilliant and keenly alert lawyer whose for he was a God-fearing, clear-sighted, courage. He is trying to listen to everybody generous man who loved his f enow men before making agonizing and far-reaching advice and counsel were sought by many. and sought to serve with an his heart decisions. He served with great distinction before the bar, as clerk of the local district those causes which make for human He has some aids and advisers who take betterment. the view that the way to stop communism court, as executive assistant to one of my is by making the rest of the world prosperous. distinguished predecessors, Congressman Loyalty and faith permeated his whole Perhaps in the long run this method would Calvin D. Paige, and executive director being. He trusted in his Creator. He prevail. We should certainly do what we of the Associated Industries of Massa­ labored for his church. He loved his can to help create middle classes in the na­ chusetts. town, his State, and his country. He tions of the ~orld and to eliminate poverty In all these high positions, he always was gradous, thoughtful, warmhearted, and disease. and generous in his personal relation­ But, if we do not soon take stronger steps conformed to highest standards of per­ to stop the Communist advance, there will formance and achievement which no­ ships. He was a peerless citizen, a friend not be any "long run:• By a "business as tably and indelibly marked him as a man ·whose kindness, consideration, and help­ usual" approach we merely pile up a mort- of outstanding character, and ability, fulness knew no bounds. 10602 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE June 15 A very noble soul was Orra L. Stone the legal profession he resigned and entered No FANCY PHRASES and thf> world is the better for his long, Boston University School of Law. We will mince no words over Orra Stone. During his college years he was active in We will write no fancy phrases, no pretty rich life, so fruitful, constructive, a.nd many extracurricular activities of the meaningful in all the things worth while. sayings, no well-turned verse in this edi­ school. He was initiated into Sigma Alpha torial. He would not want it that way. I tender my most heartfelt sympathy Epsilon Fraternity, one of the largest fra­ Orra Stone was a newspaperman who ex­ to his beloved and devoted sister, Miss ternities in the Nation, and later became emplified the finest things in his profession. Ina c. Stone, his inseparable companion, president of the Boston University chapter. First and last, he was a newspaperman of who played such a great, yet self-effac­ He was graduated cum laude from Boston the old school. His breed is hard to find ing, part in the life and career of this University in June of 1901 and was admitted today. fine Christian gentleman, and to the to the Worcester County bar on September 26 He loved his work and he lived it. He members of the Coulter family and the of the same year. even sent us copy from a sickbed Monday The following month Mr. Stone returned to be set for publication. That was the day staff of the Clinton Daily Item with to Clinton and entered into partnership with he passed away. whom he was so closely associated. the late Judge Allan G. Buttrick. In 1903 Orra was a reporter for the Item on the With the passing of Orra Stone, Clin­ he accepted appointments as clerk and pro­ day this newspaper was born, July 17, 1893. ton lost one of its greatest sons and I lost bations officer of the second district court He later returned as editor from 1935 to one of my dearest friends. At a time of eastern Worcester. 1956 when he became editor emeritus. He like this there are no words that can A student of the game of politics, Mr. remained at the job and seemed his usual adequately express our feelings. Orra Stone resigned his court duties in November self when he left work Saturday. of 1913 and left his association with Judge Under his guiding hand as editor he saw Stone was one of the greatest and his Buttrick to become private secretary to the the paper grow to a circulation of more than memory will long remain green in the late Congressman Calvin D. Paige, Republi­ 3,000. hearts and minds of his many friends can, of Southbridge, of the Third Congres­ It was Orra Stone who under the byline and all those whom he so ably and un­ sional District. "The Observer" in his column "All Sorts and selfishly served. I join his sister, his In April of 1917, he relinquished that posi­ Kinds" told our readers about the wonders relatives, the Clinton Daily Item and the tion to become field secretary of the As­ of Clinton's past history. community in mourning his passing. sociated Industries of Massachusetts. The We in the Item family who have worked following year he became general manager with Orra these past years will not forget May he find rest and peace in his of that organization. He remained in that heavenly home. him. capacity until June of 1935 when he retired If we misspelled a name or left out a mid­ Mr. Speaker, under unanimous con­ in order that a younger man might be chosen dle initial, Orra let us know about it. sent I include as part of my remarks the to fill the position. If we didn't get a story straight or sen­ news account of Mr. Stone's passing and AROMA OF PRINTING tence structure became fouled, Orra let us an edit0rial from the pages of the Clin­ In taking this step, Mr. Stone had . no know. ton Daily Item of February 14, 1961: intention of, as he put it, "growing old grace­ If we got "scooped" by any of our sister 0RRA L. STONE, 88, EDITOR OF ITEM, DIES fully" but reached the conclusion that after dailies, Orra let us know. Orra Laville Stone, 88, editor of the Clinton some 22 years away from the active practice He is gone. But the Item he loved so Daily Item and weekly Courant for 21 years of law, it would be difficult to "pick up the dearly remains today a finer newspaper be­ and editor emeritus for the past 4 years, died threads where I left them" and return to cause of Orra Stone. at his home, 22 Pearl Street, on Monday active practice. afternoon. He said, "From my earliest years, the A veteran newspaperman, Mr. Stone con­ aroma and association of a printing office ducted his regular duties at the Item on have thrilled me quite as much as anything The Four Enemies of Freedom-Com­ Saturday. He became suddenly 111 on Sun­ in life." day night, and death came shortly after In the fall of 1935, Mr. Stone became edi­ mencement Day Address by Senator 1 p.m. on Monday. tor of the Item, a position he held until November of 1956 when, following his re­ Hubert H. Humphrey, of Minnesota, at BORN IN WORCESTER turn to work after a year's illness, he became Brandeis University Born in Worcester, May 27, 1873, Mr. Stone editor emeritus. was the only son of the late Mr. and Mrs. Since that day until the time of his death, Louis L. Stone. Two years after the birth he rarely missed a day of work. EXTENSION OF REMARKS of their son they moved to Clinton, where OF the elder Mr. Stone worked as a letter carrier ORGANIZATIONS for many years. Mr. Stone was former past commander of HON. EUGENE J. McCARTHY Mr. Stone attended Clinton public schools, the Massachusetts Division, Sons of Union and during his high-school years was fre­ Veterans, a life member of the Hudson Sons OF MINNESOTA quently called upon to assemble local news of Union Veterans, a member of Clinton IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES Lodge, B.P .O.E., and Clinton Lodge of Odd by the editor of the Clinton Courant, the Thursday, June 15, 1961 late Wellington E. Parkhurst. Fellows. At that time Mr. Parkhurst was a member He was founder of the Lambsdec Club, a Mr. McCARTHY. Mr. President, on of the State legislature and had to be away social organization noted for the shows pre­ June 11, 1961, the distinguished assist­ from town on business in Boston much of the sented annually at the townhall. The ant majority leader and my good friend, time. During his absence, Mr. Stone took unique name was taken from the initials of the club organizers. Mr. HUMPHREY, was honored on the oc­ over the job of gathering and preparing the casion of the 10th commencement exer­ news. TRINITY LODGE Since his schoolboy days, Mr. Stone was cises at Brandeis University with the He was formerly associated with the fol­ degree of honorary doctor of laws. an ardent and conscientious newspaperman. lowing organizations: Trinity Lodge, A. F . At the age of 14 he became the Clinton cor­ and A. M., the Worcester East Agricultural I should like to read to my colleagues respondent for the now defunct Worcester Society where he was a trustee; the Clinton the very suitable and appropriate testi­ Daily Spy, one of the oldest and most famous Hospital Association, where he was also a monial of this great university inscribed newspapers in New England. trustee, and the Clinton choral union. on the scroll of the degree awarded to He graduated from Clinton High School He also formerly served as a member of Senator HUMPHREY: in 1890 and that fall he became a full-time the Massachusetts Republican Club and was reporter for the Spy, a position he held for Representing in his person and career the also a former secretary of the Republican saga of American opportunity. With no 3 years. Congressional Committee. When the Clinto!l Daily Item began pub­ initial advantages of wealth or position, at­ He was a member of the First Unitarian taining by innate abillty many of the high­ lication in July 1893, Mr. Stone returned to Church. this town and for 5 years worked for the est offices of public r_esponsibllity within He is survived by a sister, Miss Ina C. the gift of the American people. Elected Item as a reporter. During this period, he Stone, with whom he lived. became correspondent for some New York mayor of Minneapolis at the age of 34, win­ dailies, wrote articles for several western The funeral services will take place at the ning the admiration of civic-minded men papers, and became local correspondent for late home, on Thursday afternoon at 2 everywhere by fe'arlessness in his war on the Associated Press. o'clock. The Rev. Dr. Alexander St. Ivanyi, corruption in municipal politics. As U.S. pastor of the First Unitarian Church, will Senator from Minnesota since 1948, a com­ ENTERS LAW SCHOOL officiate. The King & Watson Funeral Home mitted and outspoken liberal. In his forth­ His association with this newspaper con­ is in charge of arrangements. right espousal of human rights and human tinued until the fall of 1898, when in order Friends may call at the home at any time freedom, he re-creates the figure of the his­ to carry out a long-cherished wish to enter tonight and all day Wednesday. toric Ame~ican Populist as he se_eks to 1961 ~ONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 10603 translate abstract sentiments into the con­ Your emphasis on social welfare today is Decision is replacing despair. Passion for crete realities of ·social action. needed. change is replacing passive acceptance of the For too long, social welfare programs in status quo. Action is replacing submissive­ Senator HUMPHREY was 1 of 10 dis­ the United States have been downgraded ness to the old conditions, and the old in­ tinguished men and women who re­ and derided by defenders of. the status quo. justices. · ceived honorary degrees from Brandeis Shrugging aside carping and criticism, It is time for Americans to abandon the University on June li. The other nine men and women dedicated to social welfare travelog approach to Latin America, Asia, recipients included: have continued to improve and to humanize and Africa. We must think of Africa as a Lord Beveridge, the world-famous the processes of democratic government. land of . vital people demanding freedom British leader in the field of social wel­ The goal of leaders in the social welfare and not as the setting for Hollywood jungle movement has been to assure every Amer­ dramas. We must realize that the quaint fare, and author of the Beveridge report; ican the basic security, dignity, and oppor­ charm of the Orient is a fragile veil covering Dr. Harold Claude Case, president of tunity that is his birthright. We have squalor and starvation. We should know Boston University; moved far away from that long, sad epoch that Latin America is no longer the land Dr. George F. Davidson, one of of indifference to basic human needs, of of mafiana characterized by sleepy villages, Canada's outstanding leaders in the exploitation of women and children, of the but rather a region of ferment in which a field of social welfare, and the author of arrogation to a privileged few of the fruits vibrant people expect and demand change the Canadian family allowance program; of industry. In housing, in health, in edu­ and improvement today. cation-in all the branches of social welfare, The conditions of poverty, hunger, disease, Congressman JOHN FOGARTY, whose we move ever closer to the goal of a Nation and ignorance are not new. The challenge outstanding work in the field of health with a just, compassionate, and practical to release mankind from their grip is not and welfare legislation is well known; program for the welfare of every citizen. now. Mr. Maurice Hexter, the noted philan­ In one very real sense, the United States But the pressing need for a sense of thropist; is and has always been a welfare society, urgency is new. The restless millions of Mr. Thurgood Marshall, the chief and we should be proud of it. Our Con­ the world are awake and rising. They are counsel of the National Association for stitution specifies but two mandates to our not willing to wait for slow, evolutionary the Advancement of Colored People; Government-to provide for the common changes which might, perhaps--sometime in defense and to promote the general welfare. the distant future-bring security, dignity, Mrs. Frances Perkins, the first woman And for Americans, welfare must signify and justice to their children or grand­ ever to hold a Cabinet post in the United not simply aid to the suffering, the poor, children. States, as Secretary of Labor in the and the needy. It means all of this and A revolutionary wave is sweeping across administration of Franklin Roosevelt; more. It means adjustment of social in­ the world's underdeveloped areas. Mr. Charles P. Taft, the respected and equities. It means the elimination of big­ This is not a revolution for communism; able son of former President Taft, and otry, intolerance, and discrimination. It it is a revolution against the intolerable brother of the late Senator Robert Taft; means not only charity, but also the privi­ conditions of the past. Mr. Abraham Feinberg, chairman of lege for every citizen for education and The Khrushchevs did not create the con­ health. It means not merely economic se-. ditions of this revolution. But they seek the board of trustees, Brandeis Univer­ curity, but social and economic opportunity. to manipulate it, to channel its force and sity. The welfare state is not a restrictive state. its mlllions of participants toward their Mr. President, the theme of Brandeis It is a humanitarian state. vision of a Communist world. University's 10th commencement was We must demonstrate that a democracy The peaks of this revolutionary wave­ "Social Welfare," and the speaker asked can mobilize its energies for the welfare of the moments of crisis and violence have to make the commencement address was its citizens. This is the message we should come more frequently in recent months. Senator HUMPHREY. take to the world. This is the true voice It has been all too easy to simplify a Senator HUMPHREY'S address was en­ of America, the spirit of our continuing complex matter by labeling the revolu­ revolution. tionary wave as Communist inspired, Com­ titled "The Four Enemies of Freedom," The terse statistics of human need-83 munist motivated, Communist organized. and has a theme which I commend to my percent of the world's people underfed; 62 Such oversimplification has given the colleagues as they give consideration to percent illiterate; 70 percent sick or poorly Communists credit for victories which they the foreign aid proposals now before the housed-these ugly facts must challenge us did not earn or deserve. Revolutions have Congress. to be the democratic revolutionaries and succeeded and corrupt governments have Mr. President, I ask unanimous con­ reformers of the 20th century. been toppled without Communist direction sent that there be printed in the CON­ Old tyrannies continue to suppress and to or intervention. When we brand uprisings GRESSIONAL RECORD, an address delivered exploit people. And new tyrannies-mas­ as Communist, Khrushchev happily sees querading as liberation-plunge people from the restless millions of the world accept our by Senator HUBERT H. HUMPHREY at one misery to another. The old and the impetuous and inaccurate assessment. Brandeis University on June 11, 1961. new tyrants think not of human welfare but Yes, the Communists do attempt to usurp There being no objection, the address of their own arrogant power. To tyrants, specific revolutions. They do sometimes suc­ was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, old and new, man is flesh, not spirit and ceed in capturing popular uprisings. as follows: soul. But why should we hand them free vic­ In vast regions of the world we see the tory after free victory? THE FOUR ENEMIES OF FREEDOM-COMMENCE• results of the failure to promote human MENT .ADDRESS BY SENATOR HUBERT H. HUM· welfare and protect human rights. It is this We must understand that the overriding PHREY, OF MINNESOTA, AT BRANDEIS UNI­ failure that is the ally dictatorship and the character of the world struggle is political VERSITY, JUNE 11, 1961 and social-that ideas backed by action, enemy freedom. not arms, will prevail in a world of nuclear The theme of this commencement-"Social If freedom is to survive, then we must con­ Welfare"-is significant both for a growing centrate our resources and our energies in stalemate. nation and a restless world. the direction of reform, social progress, the · We must turn away from the tolerance I use as my text for today's message, quota­ general welfare of the people at home and and support of dictators, and identify our­ tions from the writings of the distinguished abroad if freedom is to survive. selves with the new forces of liberation, and respected jurist, Louis D. Brandeis: The real, the basic, the vital challenge in emancipation, and human welfare. "Our social and industrial welfare demands the world today is not the dogmatic mili­ We must be more than mere anti-Com­ that ample scope should be given for social tancy of a Mao, nor the design and plan of munists. as well as mechanical invention. a Khrushchev. We must prove that we are pro people­ "The makers of our Constitution under­ The real challenge is to defeat the ancient pro freedom. took to secure conditions favorable to the adversaries of mankind, the loyal allies of · If we are content to hide in the storm­ pursuit of happiness. They recognized the tyranny, the four enemies of freedom­ cellars of anticommunism, we may indeed significance of man's spiritual nature, of his poverty, hunger, disease, and ignorance. survive for a time. But we will emerge to feeling and of his intellect. They knew that These are the conditions which have dark­ find a world that has fallen away from us, only a part of the pain, pleasure, and satis­ ened the lives of untold millions, and still left us alone and friendless in a waste of factions of life is to be found in material grip vast regions of the earth. On this totalitarianism. things." broad base of misery and despair, tyranny A policy based only on anticommunism is Today, in awarding its first doctoral degrees has strutted, marched, conquered, and de­ a castle built of sand. The cathedrals of in social welfare, Brandeis University fittingly stroyed. freedom are built by positive, creative, and emphasizes and honors this basic American But, this need not be. It must not be. affirmative dedication to the welfare of hu­ concept. The great zone of misery which circles the man beings everywhere. And this commencement rightfully honors earth-including Latin America, Africa, the The cornerstone of world freedom will be the work and the heritage of Louis Brandeis, Middle East, and Asia-is being transformed laid when we have joined those who revolt whose life was dedicated to justice and free­ by the knowledge that there can be a better against the tyranny of poverty, the slavery dom to human welfare and dignity. life. of disease, the corruption of ignorance. 10604. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE June 16 An historic change ln American policy ls of social welfare professionals, scientists, The 1960's must and can become the decade now underway, and it is symbolized by the agricultural and labor specialists, and edu­ of America's mighty effort for the progress President's aid program for Latin America­ cators. and freedom of mankind. the alliance for progress. Our embassies should reflect American so­ We must internationalize the concept and We are now determined that our foreign ciety. as it is. We are not just diplomats. practice of social welfare, seeking for oth­ aid will be used as an incentive for eco­ We are doers. We are builders. We are ers throughout the world the same goals we nomic, political, and social reform. It wlll teachers. We are filled with the love of seek for our own citizens. be used to develop and strengthen a true learning, with the excitement of achieve­ We live in an era of potential catastrophe alliance for progress. ment, with the dedication to human wel­ or potential glory. The same technology We are determined that our aid will be fare. which produces weapons of destruction and used to help the people of other nations to Our oversea missions should reveal the death can-in our time-open the mysteries help themselves. true American character. and wonders of outer space, cleanse the earth This is the new, democratic dimension to Let us strive to improve and refine that of disease, bring forth from the earth the our foreign aid. We are expressing our true character. We can no longer tolerate slums, food fiber to feed the hungry and to clothe and deep concern for the aspirations of the inadequate schools and hospitals, unemploy­ the naked. restless mlllions of the earth for freedom, ment, hunger, and the twisted lives that This is a wonderful time in which to live. for dignity, for justice, for progress. are the result of our failure to complete This time challenges the best in us. It With the new principle of the alliance for the work of social welfare ln America. calls for doing the impossible-performing progress, we must lead a masslve coopera­ Above all, our own human relations must miracles. Mediocrity must give way to ex­ tive program of economic aid and technical catch up with the revolutionary epoch in cellence; timidity to daring; fear to courage. assistance. which we live. If ever there was a time We dream of sending a man to the moon More of our efforts must be channeled when brotherhood was a requirement of in this decade. We know that dream will through the organlzation and agencies of our national security, it is now. be fulfilled with sacrifice, a commitment, a the Unlted Nations. Denial of human rights in the United plan and a program. We shall do it. An expanded Peace Corps ·must send more States represents a social malignancy more Our greater responsibility-a m.ore de­ skllled Americans to other lands. dangerous than any physical disease and manding challenge-is to achieve mankind's Our food for peace programs must be in­ more threatening to our security than any dream and hope of a better world-through creased to use America's_agricultural abun­ weapon of mass destruction. sacrifice, commitment, a plan, a program, <:Iance to banish hunger and spur economic To live the life of human dignity, to prac­ and inspiring leadership. progress. tice freedom of conscience, to believe in and With such standards, our Nation will be An American White Fleet of mercy ships exemplify human brotherhood-these are known not for the power of our weapons, but must be designed and launched to speed the essential requirements for the expres­ for the power of our compassion and the relief to peoples struck by disaster, and to strength of our dedication to human wel- play a creative role in training for modern sion of freedom and the basic ingredients fare. · health and sanitation. of our freedom doctrine. Isn't it far better . Our strength as a nation-your strength We must help others expand and improve for a nation to have "freedom riders" than as a generation-is not to be measured only their educational systems, to provide schools secret police? I think so. Isn't it far more by our military force, our industry, our tech­ and teachers for the battle against ignor­ noble to have spiritual leaders who speak up nology. ance and illiteracy. for the rights of man than to be led by The real strength of a free society is its We must revamp and redesign our embas­ political demagogs offering to trade men people-and their cornm_itment to freedom sies and missions overseas, stressing the use for tractors? Indeed. and social justice.

SENATE MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT may travel throughout the world; but, Messages in writing from the Presi­ in reality, he will never be far from the Senate, in which he gave so much of his FRIDAY, JUNE 16, 1961 dent of the United States submitting nominations were communicated to the great ability and patriotic self to the · The Senate met at 12 o'clock meridian, Senate by Mr. Miller, one of his secre­ Nation. and was called to order by the President taries. There was a time when the margin pro tempore. between the two parties in the s ·enate The Chaplain, Rev. Frederick Brown was very close. In those days, Bill Know­ Harris, D.D., offered the following LIMITATION OF DEBATE DURING land used to speak of himself as a ma­ prayer: MORNING HOUR jority leader without a majority. But today I wish to say to him that, so far o Thou Father of all mankind, at Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, un­ as the Senate is concerned, not only noontide, in this pavilion of prayer, help der the rule, there will be the usual has he a mafority of this body, but he us to fling open the shuttered windows of morning hour for the transaction of rou­ has the unanimity of our affection ·and our darkened lives to the effulgent light tine business. I ask unanimous con­ respect. of Thy presence so that in our daily tasks sent that statements in connection Welcome home, Bill. we may reflect some broken beams of therewith be limited to 3 minutes. Mr. DIRKSEN. Mr. President, I Thy glory. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. With­ think today it is a common experience .Teach us by the adventure of faith how out objection, it is so order,ed . that when people have been away from to be victors over life, not victims of it, old and sweet scenes for quite some time, and that to live worthily we must have they often record their impressions, per­ a faith fit to live by, a self fit to live with, VISIT OF FORMER SENATOR haps in a book, by writing that a certain and a cause fit to live for. WILLIAM KNOWLAND place is "revisited." Enlarge the sensitive area of our sym­ Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, Today, I am delighted that my former pathy, we pray. Write deep upon our there is with us today, here on the floor, boss on this floor, a real statesman in hearts the misery and pain of the shep­ a distinguished American citizen, an out­ every sense of the word, has found time herdless millions who are now crying out standing Republican leader, a member to revisit old scenes and to grasp the for relief from the ills that beset them. of the fourth estate, from California, hands of old associates in welcome and Guide our Nation to such use of its and, presently, a delegate on the felicitous friendship. power and privilege as may cause the U.S. Citizens' Commission on NATO. Welcome back; it is a delight to see needy peoples of the earth to rise up and But whatever his other pursuits, what­ you, indeed. call us blessed. ever other distinguished public services The fact that he has departed from In the Redeemer's name we ask it. he performs, Bill Knowland is for us in here has in no wise diminished his in­ Amen. the Senate first and foremost a col­ terest in the great challenges which league, an illustrious and well-loved col­ confront the country today. league. It was my pleasure and at once my THE JOURNAL As a Senator and as majority leader honor, when the Congress saw fit to On request of Mr. MANSFIELD, and by and as minority lea~er, Senator Know­ create a Citizens Commission on unanimous consent, the reading of the land .of California left an indelible im­ NATO, to call him, in California, and Journal of the proceedings of Thursday, print upon the ,continuing history of the ask whether he· would accept service on June 15, 1961, was dispensed with. Senate. He may live in California; he the Commission. · He kindly did so, and