Sampling and Distribution Pattern of Trioza Erytreae Del Guercio, 1918 (Hemiptera: Triozidae) in Citrus Orchard
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Developmental Biology and Population Studies on the Citrus Psylla Trioza Erytreae (Del Guercio) (Hemiptera : Triozidae)
Frets - vol. 47, n°5 . 1992 58 3 Developmental Biology and Population Studies on the Citrus Psylla Trioza erytreae (Del Guercio) (Hemiptera : Triozidae) M.A . VAN DEN BERG and Valerie E . DEACON * Biologie du développement et études des populations du psylle des Developmental Biology and Population Studies on the Citrus Psyll a agtines Trioza erytreae (Del Guercio) (Hemiptera : Triozidae). Trioza erytreae (Del Guercio) (Hemiptera : Triozidae). M .A. VAN DEN BERG and Valerie E. DEACO N M .A . VAN I)EN BERG and Valerie E . DEACO N Fruit, vol . 47, n° 5, p . 583-589 . Fruits, vol . 47, n° 5, p . 583-589. RESUME - A une température journalière moyenne de 20,8 °C, les oeufs ABSTRACT - At a daily mean temperature of 20.8°C, Citrus psylla egg s de Trio_a erytreae, le psylle africain des agrumes, éclosent au bout d e hatched after 7 days and the nymphal stage was completed within 18 t o 7 jours et le déroulement du cycle larvaire s ' effectue en 18 à 23 jours . Les 23 days . Field populations in the Hazyview area were either rising or taux d ' abondance de population au champ dans la région de Hazyvie w declining when the egg/nymph/adult ratios increased above or decline d augmentent ou diminuent quand les rapports de pullulation entre les oeufs, below about 15 :13 :1 respectively . The K-value between the egg and les larves et les adultes augmentent ou diminuent dans des proportions nymph counts was 0.55 and between the nymph and adult counts 0.63 . A 15 :13 :1 . -
Citrus Greening Candidatus Liberibacter Text and Images from FDACS Pest Alert, Susan Halbert, DPI
Citrus Greening Candidatus Liberibacter Text and images from FDACS Pest Alert, Susan Halbert, DPI Asian citrus psyllid adult and nymph Yellow shoots and defoliation caused by citrus greening infection. Citrus greening disease or huanglongbing (yellow dragon disease) may be the most serious citrus disease in the world. It is the major limiting factor for citrus production in parts of Asia and Africa. In areas where the disease is endemic, citrus trees may live for 5-8 years and never produce usable fruit (Roistacher 1996). At the time of this writing, citrus greening disease is widespread in Asia, Africa, and the Saudi Arabian Peninsula. It was reported in July 2004 in São Paulo State, Brazil (Coletta-Filho et al. 2004) and in south Miami-Dade County in Florida in August 2005. Citrus greening has not been found in Australia, or the Mediterranean citrus production regions. Origin PATHOGEN: Citrus greening disease is caused by phloem-limited bacteria in the genus Candidatus Liberibacter. Three species are described, including Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, Candidatus Liberibacter africanus, and Candidatus Liberibacter americanus (Texeira et al. 2005). VECTORS: The most common vector species, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, the Asian citrus psyllid, was found for the first time in the USA in Palm Beach County in June 1998, and has since colonized peninsular Florida. Most long distance spread of the vector occurred as a result of movement of Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack (orange-jasmine), a popular ornamental and a preferred host of D. citri. The other reported vector is the African citrus psyllid, Trioza erytreae (del Guercio). Host Range Citrus greening infects most citrus species, hybrids, cultivars, and some citrus relatives. -
Australia and Huanglongbing
AUSTRALIA AND HUANGLONGBING GAC Beattie1, P Holford1, DJ Mabberley1,2, AM Haigh1 and P Broadbent3 1Centre for Plant and Food Science, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith South DC, New South Wales 1797, Australia; 2 Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AB, United Kingdom; 3 PO Box 46 Mulgoa, NSW 2745, Australia ABSTRACT Preparations are now underway for potential incursions of huanglongbing and its two known vectors, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama and Trioza erytreae del Guercio, into Australia. These preparations, particularly the development of an incursion management plan (IMP), involve extensive reviews of literature related to the origins of Citrus and huanglongbing, and of host records for the disease and its vectors. This paper briefly discusses issues and aspects of the IMP, including pre- and post-incursion management plans. Key words: Incursion Management Plan (IMP), huanglongbing, Australia INTRODUCTION prepared for the Australian citrus industry (Beattie and Barkley 2009). Preparation of The pathogens that cause huanglongbing the plan has involved a thorough review of (HLB) are not known to occur in Australia host records for the disease and its vectors, neither are the two known vectors of the assessment of likely entry pathways, the disease, the Asiatic citrus psyllid Diaphorina biology of the disease and the vectors, and citri Kuwayama [Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: methods to limit the impact of the disease Psylloidea: Psyllidae] and the African citrus should one or both vectors be introduced psyllid -
The Jumping Plant-Lice (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) of the Maltese Islands
BULLETIN OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF MALTA (2020) Vol. 11 : 103–117 DOI: 10.17387/BULLENTSOCMALTA.2020.18 The jumping plant-lice (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) of the Maltese Islands David MIFSUD* ABSTRACT. Twenty-one species of jumping plant-lice accommodated in five different families are here recorded from the Maltese Islands in an annotated checklist. The Aphalaridae is represented by four species (Agonoscena targionii (Lichtenstein), Blastopsylla occidentalis Taylor, Colposcenia aliena (Löw) and Glycaspis brimblecombei Moore), of which two (B. occidentalis and G. brimblecombei) are alien species originating from Australia. The Homotomidae is represented by Homotoma ficus (Linnaeus) and Macrohomotoma gladiata Kuwayama, the latter being an alien species originating from the Far East. The Liviidae is represented by Euphyllura olivina (Costa), Diaphorina lycii Loginova and Psyllopsis fraxinicola (Foerster). The Psyllidae is represented by Acizzia uncatoides (Ferris & Klyver), Cacopsylla myrthi (Puton) and C. pyri (Linnaeus), of which Acizzia uncatoides is an alien species originating from Australia. Finally, the most species-rich family is the Triozidae, represented by nine species (Bactericera albiventris (Foerster), B. crithmi (Löw), B. trigonica Hodkinson, Heterotrioza chenopodii (Reuter), Lauritrioza alacris (Flor), Trioza centranthi (Vallot), T. galii Foerster, T. kiefferi Giard and T. urticae (Linnaeus)). For each of the above species, collection data, distribution, host- plant data and other relevant information is provided. Lycium intricatum Boiss. is a new host-plant record for Diaphorina lycii, and Rhamnus lycioides subsp. oleoides (L.) Jahand. & Maire is a new host-plant record for Cacopsylla myrthi. A host- plant shift is documented for Bactericera crithmi, which alternates between Ferula melitensis Brullo et al. in winter and Crithmum maritimum L. -
Unravelling the Pathogenesis and Molecular Interactions of Liberibacter Phytopathogens with Their Psyllid Vectors
agronomy Review Unravelling the Pathogenesis and Molecular Interactions of Liberibacter Phytopathogens with Their Psyllid Vectors Poulami Sarkar and Murad Ghanim * Department of Entomology, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 30 June 2020; Accepted: 1 August 2020; Published: 4 August 2020 Abstract: Insect-borne bacterial pathogens pose a global economic threat to many agricultural crops. Candidatus liberibacter species, vectored by psyllids (Hemiptera: psylloidea), are an example of devastating pathogens related to important known diseases such as Huanglongbing or the citrus greening disease, Zebra chip disease, and carrot yellowing, along with vegetative disorders in umbellifers. Studies on liberibacter–plant interactions have gained more focus in disease control over the last few decades. However, successful and sustainable disease management depends on the early disruption of insect–pathogen interactions, thereby blocking transmission. Recent knowledge on the liberibacter genomes and various omics approaches have helped us understand this host–pathogen relationship, despite the complexity associated with the inability to culture these bacteria. Here, we discuss the cellular and molecular processes involved in the response of insect-host immunity, and the liberibacter-associated pathogenesis mechanisms that involve virulence traits and effectors released to manipulate the insect–host defense mechanism for successful transmission. Understanding such mechanisms is an important milestone for developing sustainable means for preventing liberibacter transmission by psyllids. Keywords: liberibacter; psyllids; vector-borne bacteria; pathogenicity; insect defense; phloem-limited bacteria 1. Introduction Candidatus liberibacter species and the diseases they cause have gained recent importance due to their rapid proliferation, leading to global economic losses [1–3]. -
An Introduction to Psyllids (Of Bedfordshire) Joe Botting
An introduction to Psyllids (of Bedfordshire) Joe Botting Cacopsylla fulguralis Basics • A group of Stenorrhyncha, most closely related to aphids • Small to very small (1-5 mm) • Worldwide ~3000 species, ~85 in UK (increasing due to introductions) • Poorly recorded in UK – no prior recording scheme, and status of many species unclear • Strongly host-specific • Some commercial pests, particularly of fruit trees (Cacopsylla mali, C. pyricola) • Often regarded as “difficult” – which may be unfair. But probably isn't. Finding psyllids Easily found by sweeping or beating selected plants: In summer, herbaceous or arborescent dicots (almost exclusively) – especially native deciduous trees. All are host-specific. In winter, evergreen shelter plants – especially conifers or yew. Some species on evergreen hosts (e.g. box – below) Most species are host-specific, so you need to know which plants to target. Once you find them, watch out for them going ‘ping’ (nearly as bad as leafhoppers…). Spanioneura fonscolombii (on box, all year) Identification • Two major families: Psyllidae & Triozidae (other families represented by introductions) • Many species superficially similar, and need microscopic examination • Dissection rarely needed, so high-resolution macrophotographs are quite often sufficient if showing the right features • Some species very difficult to confirm from single specimens; male and female often critical to a reliable ID Chamaepsylla hartigi Colouring Body Colouring Varies seasonally: usually palest (green/yellow/orange) when teneral, then darkens steadily over several months, particularly on dorsal surface: Wing Colouring Trioza alacris Usually very distinctive for species with patterned or coloured wings, although some are still difficult. Various species (especially certain Cacopsylla spp.) with very pale colouring that must be seen against a white background – this is also unreliable. -
Lists of Names of Prokaryotic Candidatus Taxa
NOTIFICATION LIST: CANDIDATUS LIST NO. 1 Oren et al., Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. DOI 10.1099/ijsem.0.003789 Lists of names of prokaryotic Candidatus taxa Aharon Oren1,*, George M. Garrity2,3, Charles T. Parker3, Maria Chuvochina4 and Martha E. Trujillo5 Abstract We here present annotated lists of names of Candidatus taxa of prokaryotes with ranks between subspecies and class, pro- posed between the mid- 1990s, when the provisional status of Candidatus taxa was first established, and the end of 2018. Where necessary, corrected names are proposed that comply with the current provisions of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes and its Orthography appendix. These lists, as well as updated lists of newly published names of Candidatus taxa with additions and corrections to the current lists to be published periodically in the International Journal of Systematic and Evo- lutionary Microbiology, may serve as the basis for the valid publication of the Candidatus names if and when the current propos- als to expand the type material for naming of prokaryotes to also include gene sequences of yet-uncultivated taxa is accepted by the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes. Introduction of the category called Candidatus was first pro- morphology, basis of assignment as Candidatus, habitat, posed by Murray and Schleifer in 1994 [1]. The provisional metabolism and more. However, no such lists have yet been status Candidatus was intended for putative taxa of any rank published in the journal. that could not be described in sufficient details to warrant Currently, the nomenclature of Candidatus taxa is not covered establishment of a novel taxon, usually because of the absence by the rules of the Prokaryotic Code. -
Occurrence Data for the Two Cryptic Species of Cacopsylla Pruni (Hemiptera: Psylloidea)
Biodiversity Data Journal 9: e68860 doi: 10.3897/BDJ.9.e68860 Data Paper Occurrence data for the two cryptic species of Cacopsylla pruni (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) Nicolas Sauvion‡,§, Jean Peccoud |, Christine N Meynard¶,‡, David Ouvrard # ‡ National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), Montpellier, France § PHIM, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France | UMR CNRS 7267 Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Equipe Ecologie Evolution Symbiose, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France ¶ CBGP, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France # ANSES-Laboratoire de la Santé des Végétaux, Montpellier, France Corresponding author: Nicolas Sauvion ([email protected]) Academic editor: Colin Favret Received: 19 May 2021 | Accepted: 16 Jun 2021 | Published: 01 Jul 2021 Citation: Sauvion N, Peccoud J, Meynard CN, Ouvrard D (2021) Occurrence data for the two cryptic species of Cacopsylla pruni (Hemiptera: Psylloidea). Biodiversity Data Journal 9: e68860. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.9.e68860 Abstract Background Cacopsylla pruni is a psyllid that has been known since 1998 as the vector of the bacterium ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma prunorum’, responsible for the European stone fruit yellows (ESFY), a disease that affects species of Prunus. This disease is one of the major limiting factors for the production of stone fruits, most notably apricot (Prunus armeniaca) and Japanese plum (P. salicina), in all EU stone fruit-growing areas. The psyllid vector is widespread in the Western Palearctic and evidence for the presence of the phytoplasma that it transmits to species of Prunus has been found in 15 of the 27 EU countries. Recent studies showed that C. pruni is actually composed of two cryptic species that can be differentiated by molecular markers. -
Red Bay Psyllid, Trioza Magnoliae (Ashmead) (Insecta: Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Psyllidae)1 Donald W
EENY-438 Red Bay Psyllid, Trioza magnoliae (Ashmead) (Insecta: Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Psyllidae)1 Donald W. Hall2 The Featured Creatures collection provides in-depth profiles of insects, nematodes, arachnids, and other organisms relevant to Florida. These profiles are intended for the use of interested laypersons with some knowledge of biology as well as academic audiences. Introduction The red bay psyllid, Trioza magnoliae (Ashmead), was originally called the bay magnolia psyllid (Ashmead 1881) because the host plant from which it was originally described was believed to be the plant that is now known as sweet bay (Magnolia virginiana L.) which is in the family Magnoliaceae. However, there are no known verifiable records of this insect on plant species other than native Figure 1. Sweet bay, Magnolia virginiana L., twig showing stipular species of Persea bay trees (Mead 1967) in the family scars. Lauraceae. This almost certain error is because of the Credits: Donald W. Hall, University of Florida similarity in general appearance of these plants, which are all called bays. Sweet bay and the Persea bays are commonly confused by those who are not familiar with the diagnostic characters for separating them. Although there are a variety of characteristics to separate species belonging to the genus Magnolia from Persea species, one that is always observable is the presence on Magnolia species of a stipular scar that forms a ring around the stem at the node. This scar is not present in Persea species. Figure 2. Silk bay, Persea borbonia (L.) Spreng, twig showing lack of stipular scar. Credits: Donald W. Hall, University of Florida 1. -
Distribution and Damage of African Citrus Psyllids (Trioza Erytreae) in Casimiroa Edulis Producing Areas of the Eastern Zone of Ethiopia
International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology (IJEAB) Vol-4, Issue-3, May-Jun- 2019 http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijeab/4.3.22 ISSN: 2456-1878 Distribution and Damage of African Citrus Psyllids (Trioza erytreae) in Casimiroa edulis Producing Areas of the Eastern Zone of Ethiopia. Tesfaye Hailu1,* and Mulatu Wakgari 2 1Ambo Agricultural Research Center, Plant Protection Department, Ambo, Ethiopia, East Africa 2Haramaya University, Ethiopia Abstract— The common white sapote, Casimiroa edulis African citrus psylla (Trioza erytrea) as one of its a host occurs both wild and cultivated in central Mexico and (Fernandes and Franquinho A., 2001). produced in a different part of Ethiopia as home garden African citrus psyllid is native to Africa. It has spread to fruit crop for consumption as food. People also consider islands off the coast of Africa and to Saudi Arabia and the fruits as one of the stimulant fruit crop. Currently, Yemen (Van den Berg, 1990). Del Guercio, originally African citrus psyllids (Trioza erytreae) became one of the described the species in 1918 from samples collected from important pests of C. edulis in Ethiopia. The distribution Citrus limon (L.) Burm (Rutaceae) in Eritrea. The species and severity of this pest were recorded with an irregular currently is present mostly throughout the Afrotropic pattern in the eastern part of Ethiopia. From all surveyed ecozone, including Sub- Saharan Africa and the islands of area (except some districts of Dire Dawa), very high St. Helena, Mauritius, Reunion and Madagascar, and in infestation with high population density were recorded. The Saudi Arabia and Yemen (EPPO 2005; CABI 2015). -
Biological Control of Diaphorina Citri (Hermosillo, Sonora
Biological control of Diaphorina citri (Hermosillo, Sonora. México 2008) BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF Diaphorina citri David G. Hall USDA-ARS, U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory 2001 South Rock Road Fort Pierce, FL 34945 E-mail: [email protected] Key words: Psyllids. Huanglongbing, citrus disease greening ABSTRACT Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) is subjected to various levels of biological control throughout its geographic distribution. The species complex of biological control agents attacking D. citri varies geographically but usually includes various species of ladybeetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae); syrphid flies (Diptera: Syrphidae); lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae, Hemerobiidae); and spiders (Aranae). The psyllid is attacked in Asia by two primary parasitoid species, Tamarixia radiata (Waterston) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) and Diaphorencyrtus aligarhensis (Shafee, Alam & Agarwal) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). Classical biological control projects have been conducted to establish these two parasitoids in a number of countries invaded by D. citri including Mauritius, Réunion Island, and the United States (Florida). T. radiata was successfully established in the United States, but D. aligarhensis was not. T. radiata was also released for psyllid control in Taiwan and Guadeloupe. Dramatic success in reducing populations of D. citri was achieved following releases and establishment of T. radiata in Réunion Island. Good levels of biological control were reported in Guadeloupe after this parasitoid was introduced. Mediocre biological control of D. citri has been achieved by T. radiata in the United States (Florida). T. radiata has been inadvertently introduced into other areas in the United States (Texas), Puerto Rico, Venezuela, and Brazil. T. radiata in India and other areas in Asia are attacked by a complex of hyperparasitoids. -
(De Lotto) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) and Trioza Erytreae
Departamento de Zoología Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Reducing the impact of the two invasive pests, Delottococcus aberiae (De Lotto) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) and Trioza erytreae (Del Guercio) (Hemiptera: Triozidae), by strengthening sustainability and biological control in Mediterranean citrus International PhD Thesis Programa de Doctorado en Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva JESICA PÉREZ RODRÍGUEZ SUPERVISED BY: DR. ALEJANDRO TENA BARREDA DR. ALBERTO URBANEJA GARCÍA DR. JESÚS SELFA ARLANDIS Valencia, February 2020 Departamento de Zoología Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Reducing the impact of the two invasive pests, Delottococcus aberiae (De Lotto) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) and Trioza erytreae (Del Guercio) (Hemiptera: Triozidae), by strengthening sustainability and biological control in Mediterranean citrus International PhD Thesis Programa de Doctorado en Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva JESICA PÉREZ RODRÍGUEZ SUPERVISED BY: DR. ALEJANDRO TENA BARREDA DR. ALBERTO URBANEJA GARCÍA DR. JESÚS SELFA ARLANDIS Valencia, February 2020 International PhD Thesis Programa de Doctorado en Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva “Reducing the impact of the two invasive pests, Delottococcus aberiae (De Lotto) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) and Trioza erytreae (Del Guercio) (Hemiptera: Triozidae), by strengthening sustainability and biological control in Mediterranean citrus”. Disertación presentada en la Escuela de Postgrado de la Universitat de València por: Jesica Pérez Rodríguez Como requerimiento para optar al grado de doctora por la Universitat de València La doctoranda, Los Directores de tesis, Jésica Pérez Rodríguez Dr. Alejandro Tena Barreda Dr. Alberto Urbaneja García Dr. Jesús Selfa València, February 2020 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS En primer lugar, me gustaría agradecerles a mis directores de tesis Alberto, Alejandro y Jesús la confianza depositada en mí a lo largo de estos años. Gràcies Alberto per tots els teus suggeriments, aportacions, noves idees i consells que sempre ho han millorat tot.